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Novel implementation of the multipole expansion to quarkonium hadronic transitions
No full textWe compute hadronic transitions between heavy quarkonium states with two, or one, pion/eta particles in the final state. We use the multipole expansion but not the twist expansion. The latter cannot be justified for the energy release of hadronic transitions between heavy quarkonium states with different principal quantum numbers. Instead, we use a counting based on the dimension of the interpolating field of the hybrid. This alternative counting allows us to still use chiral low-energy theorems to compute the pion production by local gluonic operators. We explore the phenomenological impact of this counting. Remarkably enough, for the two-pion transitions, we obtain the same predictions for the normalized differential decay rate as those obtained assuming the twist expansion. We implement this computational scheme using the hadronic representation of the effective theory potential NRQCD. We assume that the inverse Bohr radius of the heavy quarkonium is much larger than AQCD but do not impose any constraint on the relative size of AQCD and the typical kinetic energy of the bound state
Adopción y familia de origen: vínculos personales y familiares de las personas adoptadas
No full textLas personas adoptadas disponen de vínculos personales con dos estructuras familiares, la de origen y la adoptiva, que deben ser atendidos por un sistema adoptivo que busca proporcionar el bienestar y la protección de los adoptados. La regulación actual de la adopción en los ordenamientos español y catalán garantiza el establecimiento de una relación paternofilial entre la persona adoptada y los progenitores adoptivos pero, en la mayoría de los casos, provoca la supresión de toda conexión entre el adoptado y su familia de origen. Por este motivo, la presente investigación se focaliza en el estudio de las medidas incorporadas a dichos ordenamientos para atenuar el efecto de supresión de vínculos con la familia de origen derivado de la adopción. Estas medidas permiten que la persona adoptada obtenga información sobre sus familiares de origen (derecho a conocer los orígenes), que se establezca un régimen de relación personal entre ellos (adopción abierta) o, en supuestos específicos, que se preserven sus lazos jurídicos de filiación y parentesco.Adopted people have personal ties with two family structures, the family of origin and the adoptive family, which must be delimited in an adoptive system that seeks to promote the well-being and protection of the adoptees. The current regulation of adoption in the Spanish and Catalan legal systems guarantees the establishment of the filiation relationship between the adopted person and the adoptive parents but, in most cases, leads to the suppression of any connection between the adoptee and his or her family of origin. Therefore, the present research studies the measures stablished in said regulations to mitigate the effect of the suppression of ties with the family of origin derived from adoption. These measures give the adopted person access to information about his or her family of origin (right to know one's origins), enable the establishment of a personal relationship between them (open adoption) or, in certain cases, allow the preservation of their original legal kinship ties.Programa de Doctorat en Dre
Collaborating with generative AI for learning?
No full textGenerative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tools, driven by large language models (LLMs), are increasingly explored for their potential in educational contexts. However, significant concerns remain regarding their efficacy, cognitive impacts, and ethical implications. The Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) community faces critical questions regarding the broader implications of this technology for the field. While GenAI offers advanced opportunities for collaborative learning through conversational interactions and other functions, research in this area is still in its early stages. This symposium presents five contributions that explore the opportunities, challenges, and initial findings of integrating GenAI into educational settings. The goal is to provide evidence-based recommendations for practice and identify key research directions and challenges for the future of CSCL in the context of GenAI.The work by Pompeu Fabra University authors was supported by PID2020-112584RB-C33, PID2023-146692OBC33, CEX2021-001195-M funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, SGR 00930, and Erasmus+ KA220-HED-D8B72E6A. DHL (Serra Húnter) also acknowledges the support by ICREA Academia
A diachronic multi-source approach to the study of a historical landscape in Central-Western Europe: the Blies Survey Project
No full textA multiyear longitudinal harmonization study of quality controls in mass spectrometry proteomics core facilities
No full textQuality control procedures play a pivotal role in ensuring the reliability and consistency of data generated in mass spectrometry-based proteomics laboratories. However, the lack of standardized quality control practices across laboratories poses challenges for data comparability and reproducibility. In response, we conducted a harmonization study within proteomics laboratories of the Core for Life alliance with the aim of establishing a common quality control framework, which facilitates comprehensive quality assessment and identification of potential sources of performance drift. Through collaborative efforts, we developed a consensus quality control standard for longitudinal assessment and adopted common processing software. We generated a 4-year longitudinal data set from multiple instruments and laboratories, which enabled us to assess intra- and interlaboratory variability, to identify causes of performance drift, and to establish community reference values for several quality control parameters. Our study enhances data comparability and reliability and fosters a culture of collaboration and continuous improvement within the proteomics community to ensure the integrity of proteomics data.The CRG/UPF Proteomics Unit is part of the Spanish Infrastructure for Omics Technologies (ICTS OmicsTech). We acknowledge support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa (CEX2020-001049-S, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033), and the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA programme, and the Departament de Recerca i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya (2021SGR01225). Région Ile-de-France and Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale grants (to D.L.) and ANR-21-CE35-0007 (to M.M). We are grateful to all the members of the respective proteomics laboratories for technical support and useful discussion, including Dr. Henrik Thomas and Dr. Ignacy Rzagainski (MPI-CBG), Vanessa Masson and Florent Dingli (Institut Curie), Antje Dittmann, Claudia Fortes, Peter Gehrig, Jonas Grossmann, Tobias Kockmann, Laura Kunz, Chia-wei Lin, Sibylle Pfammatter, Bernd Roschitzki, Witold E. Wolski, and Simone Wüthrich (FGCZ), Thibault Chaze and Quentin Giai Gianetto (Institut Pasteur), Gerhard Dürnberger, Richard Imre, Elisabeth Roitinger, Ines Steinmacher, Michael Schuitzbier, Susanne Opravil, Gabriele Krssakova, and Florian Stanek (IMP), Evy Timmerman, Sara Dufour, Katie Boucher, Delphi Van Haver, and Jarne Pauwels (VIB), and Eva Borràs, Guadalupe Espadas, Amanda Solé, Olga Pastor, Julia Morales-Sanfrutos, Enrique Alonso, Selena Fernandez, and Marc Serret (CRG)
Induction avelumab followed by chemoimmunotherapy and maintenance versus chemotherapy alone as first-line therapy in cis-ineligible metastatic urothelial carcinoma (INDUCOMAIN): a randomized phase II study
No full textBackground: Platinum-based chemotherapy (ChT) has been the standard first-line treatment for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of induction avelumab followed by avelumab in combination with carboplatin-gemcitabine (carbo/gem) followed by avelumab maintenance. We tested the hypothesis that induction immunotherapy (IO) could enhance the response to ChT and prevent its detrimental effect on immune cells. Materials and methods: INDUCOMAIN is a multicenter, randomized, investigator-initiated, open-label phase II study evaluating the safety and efficacy of induction avelumab before carboplatin-gemcitabine-avelumab, followed by avelumab maintenance (arm A), compared to carbo/gem (arm B). Eligibility criteria included patients with mUC, no prior systemic therapy, and ineligibility for cisplatin by Galsky criteria. Patients were stratified by the presence/absence of visceral metastasis and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-1 versus 2. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Results: Eighty-five patients were included and randomized to arm A (n = 42) and arm B (n = 43), respectively. ORR was similar between treatment arms: 59.5% in arm A and 53.5% in arm B (P = 0.57). Fourteen patients (33%) in arm A early progressed/died before or at first response assessment, compared to three patients (7%) in arm B. Median OS was 11.1 months in arm A and 13.2 months in arm B [hazard ratio (HR) 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57-1.46, P = 0.69]. Median PFS was 6.9 months in arm A versus 7.4 months in arm B (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.61-1.60, P = 0.95). Treatment-related adverse events of grade 3-4 occurred in 70.7% of patients in arm A and in 72.1% in arm B. No predictive role of programmed death-ligand 1 expression was found. Conclusions: The hypothesis that induction avelumab could enhance the efficacy of subsequent ChT was not proven. Administering IO alone as induction before ChT is not an adequate strategy
La incertidumbre en la responsabilidad civil médico-sanitaria
No full textTreball de Fi de Grau en Dret. Curs 2024-2025Tutora: Sonia Ramos GonzálezLa incertidumbre es inherente a la práctica médica, lo cual adquiere relevancia en el ámbito del Derecho de Daños, donde la reclamación de la indemnización por daños y perjuicios se enfrenta a serias dificultades. Este trabajo analiza cómo se proyecta dicha incertidumbre sobre los distintos elementos de la acción de daños y perjuicios, así como las respuestas jurisprudenciales formuladas en aras de superarla. A tal fin, el estudio se estructura en cuatro bloques. Primero, frente a la incertidumbre causal, se examina la doctrina de la pérdida de oportunidad. En segundo término, se aborda su proyección sobre la decisión del paciente en casos de infracción del consentimiento informado como elemento esencial de la lex artis, junto a las tendencias jurisprudenciales en torno al daño resarcible. Posteriormente, se evalúa su incidencia sobre la culpa, centrándose en la doctrina Res Ipsa Loquitur. Por último, se trata su repercusión sobre el daño, en particular, en los daños continuados, latentes y tardíos, con énfasis en la cuestión de la prescripción. El análisis se basa en sesenta y cinco sentencias del Tribunal Supremo, dictadas en los últimos quince años, sin perjuicio de pronunciamientos anteriores relevantes en el desarrollo de las teorías. Finalmente, se otorga una especial atención a la disparidad de criterios entre la Sala Primera y la Sala Tercera.Uncertainty is inherent to medical practice, which becomes particularly relevant in the field of Tort Law, where claims for compensation face serious challenges. This paper analyzes how such uncertainty is projected onto the various elements of tort liability, as well as the judicial responses formulated to overcome it. To this end, the study is structured into four sections. First, in response to causal uncertainty, the Loss of chance doctrine is examined. Second, its projection onto the patient’s decision is addressed in cases involving a breach of informed consent, as an essential element of the lex artis, along with jurisprudential trends concerning compensable harm. Subsequently, its impact on negligence is evaluated, focusing on the Res Ipsa Loquitur doctrine. Finally, its repercussions on damage are considered, particularly in cases of continuous, latent, or delayed injuries, with emphasis on the issue of prescription. This analysis is based on sixty-five judgements of the Supreme Court handed down in the past fifteen years, notwithstanding earlier rulings whose relevance has been significant in the development of the underlying theories. Finally, particular emphasis is placed on the differing criteria between the First Chamber and the Third Chamber
Conservation through the lens of population genomics: the case of Cuvier's gazelles and western gorillas
No full textThe field of genomics can be used to help in threatened species conservation by guiding conservation efforts. In this thesis we have studied Cuvier’s gazelles to compare the genetic diversity and inbreeding between the founders of a reintroduction -captive bred-, their first offspring, and a captive but unmanaged population. We did not find significant differences between the founders and their offspring, though we observed the unmanaged population to have lower diversity and higher inbreeding levels. Our results indicate that the captive breeding program is successful in maintaining genetic diversity when compared to an unmanaged population. Moreover, we created the first whole-genome dataset using single hair shafts from a wild and threatened species, specifically western gorillas. We focused on the Cross River gorilla subspecies, the least studied subspecies to date at the genome-wide level. We showed that Cross River gorillas have suffered from a more recent bottleneck and present high levels of inbreeding. Moreover, by assessing allele sharing among Cross River gorilla sites and subspecies, we were also able to detect past gene flow, although some sites seem to be more isolated. Taken together, our results on this gorilla subspecies highlight the importance of preserving connectivity corridors among populations.El camp de la genòmica pot ser útil per ajudar a la conservació d’espècies en perill d’extinció guiant-ne els esforços. En aquesta tesi hem estudiat les gaseles de l’Atles (Gazella cuvieri) per comparar la diversitat genètica i la consanguinitat entre els fundadors d'una reintroducció -criats en captivitat-, la seva primera descendència, i una població captiva però no gestionada. No vam trobar diferències significatives entre els fundadors i la seva descendència, tot i que vam observar que la població no gestionada tenia una diversitat genètica més baixa i uns nivells de consanguinitat més alts. Els nostres resultats indiquen que el programa de cria en captivitat té èxit a l'hora de mantenir la diversitat genètica, quan el comparem amb una població no gestionada. També hem creat el primer conjunt de dades del genoma sencer utilitzant mostres de el cabell de goril·les occidentals, una espècie salvatge i en perill d’extinció. Ens vam centrar en la subespècie de goril·la Cross River, la menys estudiada fins ara a nivell genòmic. Hem demostrat que aquets goril·les han patit un coll d'ampolla recent i que presenten nivells elevats de consanguinitat. A més, en avaluar la compartició d'al·lels entre les poblacions de Cross River i entre les subespècies de goril·les, hem detectat senyals de d’intercanvi genètic, tot i que algunes poblacions semblen estar més aïllades. En conjunt, els nostres resultats sobre goril·les Cross River posen de manifest la importància de preservar els corredors de connectivitat entre poblacions.Programa de doctorat en Biomedicin
Nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections in patients with immunosuppression: a cohort study
No full textBackground: This post-hoc analysis of a multinational, multicenter study aimed to describe and compare clinical characteristics, microbiology, and outcomes between immunosuppressed and non-immunosuppressed patients with nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections (nLRTI). The study utilized data from the European Network for ICU-related Respiratory Infections, including 1,060 adult ICU patients diagnosed with nLRTI. Descriptive statistics were used to compare baseline characteristics and pathogen distribution between groups. A Cox proportional hazards model stratified by immunosuppression status was applied to assess 28-day mortality risk, adjusting for disease severity and key clinical variables. Results: Immunosuppression was observed in 24.9% (264/1060) of the patients, and oncological conditions were the most common etiology of immunosuppression. Chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases were the most frequent comorbidities. In both groups, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the predominant microorganism, particularly affecting patients with immunosuppression (25.3% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.032). Cox regression model adjusted for disease severity (SAPS II), polytraumatized status, altered consciousness, and postoperative status, SAPS II remained a strong independent predictor of mortality, with each one-point increase associated with a 2.3% higher risk of death (HR: 1.023, 95% CI 1.017-1.030, p < 0.001). The analysis also revealed significant heterogeneity in mortality risk among immunosuppressed patients, with hematological malignancies, recent chemotherapy, and bone marrow transplantation associated with the highest mortality. Conclusions: Immunosuppressed patients had a lower adjusted survival probability compared to non-immunosuppressed patients. Moreover, P. aeruginosa was the most frequently identified etiological pathogen in immunosuppressed patients
A genomics and proteomics approach to the origin and evolution of eukaryotic chromatin
No full textLa regulació genòmica dependent de la cromatina representa una innovació evolutiva clau associada a l'origen dels eucariotes. En aquests organismes, la remodelació dinàmica de la cromatina permet un accés controlat a la informació genètica i exerceix un paper central en la regulació de l'expressió gènica. Aquesta plasticitat estructural és mediada per un conjunt divers de proteïnes especialitzades que actuen de manera coordinada per modificar l'entorn local de la cromatina. Tot i que es reconeix de manera generalitzada la importància de les histones i els factors de cromatina en l'organització i regulació del genoma eucariota, els orígens evolutius d'aquests mecanismes i la diversificació funcional de les proteïnes associades a la cromatina encara no han estat completament aclarits. En aquest treball, proposem que l'aparició de noves vies de regulació del genoma va estar intrínsecament vinculada a l'origen dels eucariotes. Per explorar aquesta hipòtesi, reconstruïm els orígens i l'evolució primerenca de la regulació cromatínica mitjançant enfocaments genòmics i proteòmics integrats, analitzant organismes que representen els principals linatges eucariotes.La regulación genómica dependiente de la cromatina representa una innovación evolutiva clave asociada al origen de los eucariotas. En estos organismos, la remodelación dinámica de la cromatina posibilita un acceso controlado a la información genética y desempeña un papel central en la regulación de la expresión génica. Esta plasticidad estructural es mediada por un conjunto diverso de proteínas especializadas que actúan de manera coordinada para modificar el entorno local de la cromatina. Aunque se reconoce de manera generalizada la importancia de las histonas y los factores de cromatina en la organización y regulación del genoma eucariota, los orígenes evolutivos de estos mecanismos y la diversificación funcional de las proteínas asociadas a la cromatina aún no han sido completamente esclarecidos. En este trabajo, proponemos que la aparición de nuevas vías de regulación del genoma estuvo intrínsecamente vinculada al origen de los eucariotas. Para explorar esta hipótesis, reconstruimos los orígenes y la evolución temprana de la regulación cromatínica mediante enfoques genómicos y proteómicos integrados, analizando organismos que representan los principales linajes eucariotas.Chromatin-based gene regulation is considered a major evolutionary innovation linked to the origin of eukaryotes. In eukaryotes, dynamic changes in chromatin structure facilitate access to genetic information and ultimately orchestrate gene expression. These changes are carried out by specialized proteins known as chromatin factors, which function in a coordinated network to modify the local chromatin environment. While the central role of histones and chromatin factors in eukaryotic genome organization and regulation is well-established, the origins of chromatin-based gene regulation and the evolutionary trajectories of these chromatin-associated proteins across eukaryotes remain elusive. We hypothesize that the evolution of novel modes of genome regulation was intrinsically linked to the emergence of eukaryotes. To better understand this evolutionary process, we aim to reconstruct the origin and diversification of chromatin regulation in eukaryotes. To this end, we have applied cutting-edge genomic and proteomic approaches to interrogate the chromatin landscape of organisms representing all major eukaryotic lineages.Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Doctorat en Biomedicin