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"Nunca más": justícia transicional i dret a la veritat en l'Argentina post dictatorial
No full textTreball de Fi de Grau en Ciències Polítiques i de l'Administració. Curs 2024-2025Tutora: Irina KhayrizamanovaAquest treball analitza el procés de justícia transicional a l’Argentina postdictatorial (1976-1983), explorant l’impacte del dret a la veritat i de l’expressió “Nunca Más” com a força unificadora de la lluita social contra la impunitat i l’oblit. Amb l’objectiu de descobrir com els mecanismes de transició implementats van contribuir a la consecució de la veritat i la memòria, s’aplica l’Anàlisis Crítica del Discurs a tres documents clau: els textos fundacionals del Procés de Reorganització Nacional, el pròleg de l’informe “Nunca Más” elaborat per la Comisión Nacional sobre Desaparición de Personas i un extracte de la Sentència 1.767 de la Corte Suprema Argentina “Julio Héctor Simón y otros sobre privación ilegítima de la libertad”. Els resultats revelen com el discurs autoritari del règim justificava i legitimava la violència estatal, mentre que el “Nunca Más” va construir una narrativa emancipadora que va dignificar les víctimes i va consolidar la voluntat resilient de memòria col·lectiva. La sentència va reforçar aquest procés, promovent la rendició de comptes a nivell institucional i fomentant la cultura democràtica. Aquest estudi evidencia com el llenguatge configura narratives socials i relacions de poder, en el present cas reafirmant la perdurabilitat del “Nunca Más” com a emblema de la lluita pels drets humans i la resistència contra l’autoritarisme.This research paper analyzes the transitional justice process in post-dictatorial Argentina (1976-1983), exploring the impact of the right to truth and the expression Nunca Más “Never Again” as a unifying force in the social movement against impunity and oblivion. With the aim of discovering how the transitional mechanisms implemented contributed to truth and memory, Critical Discourse Analysis is applied to three key documents: the founding texts of the Proceso de Reorganización Nacional “National Reorganization Process”, the prologue of the report Nunca Más prepared by the National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons and an extract from the Judgment of Argentina’s Supreme Court S. 1767, Julio Héctor Simón y otros sobre privación ilegítima de la libertad. The results reveal how the authoritarian discourse of the regime justified and legitimized state violence, while “Nunca Más” constructed an emancipatory narrative that dignified the victims and consolidated the resilient will of collective memory. The ruling reinforced this process, promoting accountability at an institutional level and fostering democratic culture. This study demonstrates how language shapes social narratives and power relations, in this case reaffirming the permanence of “Nunca Más” as an emblem of the fight for human rights and resistance against authoritarianism
Folk around and find out: algorithmic collusion and the limits of coordination
No full textTreball fi de màster de: Master's Degree in Data Science. Master Program in Data Science for Decision Making. Curs 2024-2025Tutors: Christopher Rauh i Hannes MuellerThe Folk Theorem establishes that collusion can be sustained in repeated interactions, yet empirical evidence suggests coordination becomes more difficult as market participants increase. This thesis presents the first test of whether Large Language Model (LLM) agents exhibit this pattern. In controlled experiments with 2–5 competing agents, we find LLM coordination erodes predictably with competition. Our results show a 3.7% reduction in equilibrium price for each additional firm (p < 0.001), with prices declining smoothly. This culminates in a 10.6% total price reduction from duopoly to five-agent markets, providing quantitative evidence on algorithmic collusion boundaries in the AI era.El Teorema de Folk establece que la colusión puede mantenerse en interacciones repetidas, pero la evidencia empírica sugiere que la coordinación se vuelve más difícil a más participantes en el mercado. Esta tesis presenta una primera prueba de si agentes de modelos de lenguaje grandes (LLM) muestran este patrón. En experimentos controlados con 2-5 agentes competidores, encontramos que la coordinación entre LLM se erosiona predeciblemente con la competencia. Resultados muestran una reducción del 3,7% en el precio de equilibrio por empresa adicional (p < 0,001), con disminución precios. Esto culmina en reducción total del 10,6% desde duopolio hasta mercados con cinco agentes, proporcionando evidencia cuantitativa sobre límites colusión algorítmica en era de la IA
Lorenzo Calvo y Mateo (1789-1850): comerciante de opio en la China Qing y defensor del libre cambio en la España liberal
No full textLa Geopolítica del Ártico en la redefinición del orden internacional liberal: Competencia y cooperacion en las estrategias árticas de los cinco Estados árticos ribereños y la Unión Europea
No full textLa investigación que se realiza en este trabajo analiza la transformación de la región del Ártico como espacio geopolítico que lleva desarrollándose a lo largo de las últimas dos décadas. Los cambios acontecidos en el escenario internacional por la contestación del orden liberal y las consecuencias derivadas del cambio climático han propiciado el surgimiento de unas “rupturas árticas”, un conjunto de sucesos de carácter geopolítico que han socavado el marco de gobernanza y cooperación del Ártico. Estos cambios constituyen una alteración del statu quo regional que propicia una mayor polarización y competencia estratégica entre los Estados y en detrimento de las dinámicas de cooperación. En esta tesis se examinan las consecuencias derivadas de todos estos cambios a partir de las proyecciones de política exterior referentes al Ártico que los cinco Estados árticos ribereños y la Unión Europea contemplan en sus estrategias y políticas árticas, ya que dichas estrategias árticas determinaran el marco de gobernanza regional de las próximas décadas.The research analyses the Arctic Region’s transformation as a geopolitical space that has been developed over the last two decades. Changes on the international scene, due to the contestation of the liberal order and the consequences of climate change, have led to the emergence of 'Arctic rifts', a set of geopolitical events that have undermined the Arctic's framework of governance and cooperation. These changes entail a disruption of the regional status quo, leading to increased polarization and strategic competition between States to the detriment of cooperative dynamics. This thesis examines the consequences of these changes in terms of the Arctic-related foreign policy projections that the five Arctic littoral States and the European Union envisage in their Arctic strategies and policies, as these Arctic strategies will determine the regional governance framework for the coming decades.Programa de Doctorat en Dre
Same money, different impact? The curving effect of European Structural and Investment Funds on EU support in Spain (1990-2019)
No full textEuropean Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) engender European Union (EU) support in generating economic growth, but their effect is conditional on individual European identity and educational background. This study investigates whether the positive impact of ESIF spending on EU attitudes also depends on the alignment of funding with the economic needs of recipient regions. We examine this issue with the Spanish case (1990-2019), employing a unique combined data set of Eurobarometer waves and regional NUTS-2 economic indicators. Our findings indicate that EU funds manage to decrease Euroscepticism only in laggard regions, which receive the lion's share of funds and allocate them to public goods easily perceived and communicated to the local population. Conversely, the effect of ESIF on transforming attitudes is absent in middle and high-income regions. The findings suggest a more complicated relationship between ESIF and EU support, which necessitates taking both individual and contextual factors into account.This work was supported by the Erasmus+ program of the European Union under Grants 101085465-BACES and 101047889-EU-GOV (Jean Monnet Chair in European Union Governance). and by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities under grant PID2020-119716GB-I00 (El impacto de las capacidades formales e informales en el proceso de toma de decisiones legislativas en el Parlamento Europeo)
La configuració del datiu en la llengua alemanya : judici d’acceptabilitat amb datius alemanys
No full textTutora: Sílvia Perpiñan Hinarejos
Treball de fi de grau en Doble grau en Traducció i Interpretació i Llengües aplicadesTradicionalmente, muchos linguistas han considerado los casos gramaticales como un mecanismo sintactico que carece de contenido semántico. No obstante, su evolución y distribución en él discurso nos hacen pensar que sı que existen cimientos semánticos para estas categorías. El ́óbjetivo de la primera parte del trabajo es analizar las aportaciones semanticas del caso dativo en ́la lengua alemana para determinar su comportamiento, expresion y aportación semántica. Para ́abordar esta tarea, hemos realizado un analisis basado en corpus que explora los diferentes usos ́del dativo y tambien su mutabilidad en otras estructuras formales. También es conocido que ́los hablantes de herencia de aleman y de otras lenguas que presentan un sistema de casos grámaticales suelen hacer muchos errores de habla en relacion con estas marcas morfológicas. No obstante, se han investigado otros aspectos de la lengua. Estos estudios sugieren que las competencias interna y externa de estos hablantes no son necesariamente paralelas. En base a estos estudios, en la segunda parte de este trabajo proponemos que los hablantes de herencia sı que són capaces de discernir los usos adecuados de las marcas de caso como hacen los hablantes nativos monolingues. En contraste, creemos que estos hablantes pueden presentar interferencias en ̈relacion a la mutabilidad de los diferentes dativos analizados en la primera parte del trabajo. Para ́explorar estos comportamientos, hemos llevado a cabo un experimento con hablantes de aleman ́nativos, de herencia y de lengua extranjera. Hemos distribuido una tarea de juicio de aceptabilidad con estımulos auditivos en el que ped ́ ıamos a los participantes que valoraran el grado en ́que cada estımulo les parecía aceptable. Cada estímulo conten ́ ıa un dativo expresado o bien con ́una marca morfologica, un pronombre personal, un sintagma preposicional o bien una marca ́de caso inadecuada. Los resultados del experimento confirman los hallazgos del analisis de la ́primera parte en relacion con la mutabilidad de los dativos con varias estructuras en funció de ́su contenido semantico. En contraste, no hemos podido confirmar que los hablantes de herencia sepan distinguir los usos adequados de los inadequados de las marcas morfologicas de caso. ́Los resultados sugieren que depende de su nivel. A modo de conclusion, podemos afirmar que ́el caso dativo tiene un contenido semantico definido que ha ido cambiando con la evolución ́de la lengua pero que ha mantenido un significado central constante. Ası mismo, los datos del ́
experimento apoyan que los hallazgos del analisis puesto que el papel sem ́ antico interpretado ́por cada dativo determina su mutabilidad en otras estructuras formales.Traditionally, many linguists have considered grammatical cases as an asemantic syntactic mechanism. However, their evolution and distribution in the language suggest that there might be semantic foundations for these categories. In the first part of this study we will analyze the semantic contributions of the dative case in the German language in order to determine its behavior, formal expression and semantic contribution. To carry out this task we have conducted a corpus-based analysis that explores different uses of the dative and also its mutability to other formal structures. It is also known that heritage speakers of German and other languages with a grammatical case system tend to produce errors in speech regarding these morphological marks. However, other aspects of the language have been researched and it has been found that the internal and external competence of these speakers is not necessarily parallel. Based on the literature, in the second part of this study we propose that heritage speakers are able to discern the appropriate uses of morphological case markings as monolingual native speakers. In contrast, we believe that these speakers may experience interferences regarding the mutability of the different datives analyzed in the first part of the study. To explore these behaviors, we conducted an experiment with native speakers of German, heritage speakers, and learners of German as a foreign language. We have distributed an acceptability judgement task with auditory stimuli in which we asked participants to assess the degree to which each stimulus seemed appropriate.
Each stimulus contained a dative expressed either with a morphological mark, a personal pronoun, a prepositional phrase, or an inadequate morphological case mark. The results confirm the findings of the analysis of the first part as to the mutability of dative arguments into various formal structures according to their semantic content. In contrast, heritage speakers of German only discriminated inadequate case markings when they had high self-reported competence. In conclusion, we can say that the dative case has a defined semantic content that has changed along with with the evolution of the language but that has kept a constant central meaning. Likewise, the data from the experiment support the findings of the analysis since the semantic role played by each dative determines its mutability in other formal structures
E-52862-A selective sigma-1 receptor antagonist, in peripheral neuropathic pain: Two randomized, double-blind, phase 2 studies in patients with chronic postsurgical pain and painful diabetic neuropathy
No full textBackground: We report the efficacy and safety of E-52862-a selective, sigma-1 receptor antagonist-from phase 2, randomized, proof-of-concept studies in patients with moderate-to-severe, neuropathic, chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) and painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN). Methods: Adult patients (CPSP [N = 116]; PDN [N = 163]) were randomized at a 1:1 ratio to 4 weeks of treatment with E-52862 (CPSP [n = 55]; PDN [n = 85]) or placebo (CPSP [n = 61]; PDN [n = 78]) orally once daily. Pain intensity scores were measured using a numerical pain rating scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable). The primary analysis population comprised patients who received study drug with ≥1 baseline and on-treatment observation (full analysis set). Results: In CPSP, mean baseline average pain was 6.2 for E-52862 vs. 6.5 for placebo. Week 4 mean change from baseline (CFB) for average pain was -1.6 for E-52862 vs. -0.9 for placebo (least squares mean difference [LSMD]: -0.9; p = 0.029). In PDN, mean baseline average pain was 5.3 for E-52862 vs. 5.4 for placebo. Week 4 mean CFB for average pain was -2.2 for E-52862 vs. -2.1 for placebo (LSMD: -0.1; p = 0.766). Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported in 90.9% of E-52862-treated patients vs. 76.7% of placebo-treated patients in CPSP and 34.1% vs. 26.9% in PDN. Serious TEAEs occurred in CPSP only: E-52862: 5.5%; placebo: 6.7%. Conclusions: E-52862 demonstrated superior relief of CPSP vs. placebo after 4 weeks. Reductions in pain intensity were seen in PDN with E-52862; high placebo response rates may have prevented differentiation between treatments. E-52862 had acceptable tolerability in both populations. Significance statement: These proof-of-concept studies validate the mode of action of E-52862, a selective sigma-1 receptor antagonist. In CPSP, E-52862 resulted in clinically meaningful pain relief. In PDN, reductions in pain intensity were seen with E-52862; high placebo response rates may have prevented differentiation between E-52862 and placebo. These findings are clinically relevant given that neuropathic pain is highly incapacitating, lacking effective treatments and representing a significant unmet medical need, and support further development of sigma-1 receptor antagonists for peripheral neuropathic pain
Mechanism of Action of an SGLT2 Inhibitor in Renal Cellular Damage
No full textDirector and Academic Tutors: Dr. Marta Riera Oliva and Clara Barrios BarreraDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is now the principal cause of chronic kidney disease, leading to end-stage kidney disease worldwide, increasing morbidity and mortality and resulting in elevated costs for public health systems. Its multifactorial etiology encompasses metabolic, hemodynamic, inflammatory, and fibrotic mechanisms, with chronic hyperglycemia as the primary driver of renal injury.
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as promising agents in the management of diabetic nephropathy, not only improving glycemic control but also exerting protective effects through modulation of glomerular hemodynamics, reduction of cardiovascular (CV) risk, and anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic actions. However, the precise biological mechanism underlying these benefits remains incompletely understood.
This project aims to elucidate the physiological pathways modulated by SGLT2 inhibitors in order to clarify the molecular basis of SGLT2 inhibitor-mediated kidney protection and provide insights for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies in diabetic nephropathy
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No full textTreball fi de màster de: Master in Intelligent Interactive SystemsSupervisor: Carlos CastilloAI hiring tools promise objectivity, but may deliver bias at scale. While algorithmic resume screening outperforms manual review by processing thousands of applications daily, these systems can perpetuate gender discrimination through learned patterns embedded in the data. This research challenges present data protection practices, suggesting that anonymization is insufficient against AI inference capabilities, and proposes an alternative approach: Adversarial Debiasing. Our three-phase experimental pipeline investigated whether language models can detect gender from anonymized resumes, gender bias extent in ICT classification, and adversarial debiasing effectiveness. Using the FINDHR dataset of donated resumes with protected attributes and LiveCareer dataset for pre-training, we analyzed gender predictability from anonymized data, implemented transfer learning, then applied adversarial training using gradient reversal architecture to enforce gender uninformativeness in ICT features. This research makes two primary contributions to fair AI in algorithmic hiring. First, we provide empirical evidence that standard anonymization fails against AI inference, with DistilBERT achieving 63.86% gender detection accuracy on anonymized resumes through systematic linguistic patterns in professional self-presentation. Second, we demonstrate adversarial debiasing effectiveness, achieving near-perfect gender uninformativeness, decreasing predictability from 63.10% to 51.19% (effectively random levels) while preserving 97.6% of ICT classification performance. Our lambda parameter optimization enabled transparent control over fairness-utility trade-offs. These results have strong regulatory and industry implications. Current anonymization standards appear inadequate against AI pattern detection capabilities, demanding updated privacy protection frameworks. Our adversarial debiasing approach offers promise by embedding fairness constraints within feature learning processes, addressing proxy discrimination at its source while maintaining operational utility
La distonia: Aproximació al coneixement interdisciplinari d'una malaltia minoritària
No full textCinqué Premi del XX Premi PRBB al millor treball de recerca en Medicina i Ciències de la VidaTutor: Iván Nadal
IES Carles Vallbona (Granollers)Aquest treball es va començar a realitzar en el curs 2023-2024 quan cursàvem 1r de Batxillerat.
Es va seleccionar la distonia, ja que és una malaltia que pateix el familiar d'una de les integrants, per tant, la nostra motivació va ser: donar visibilitat a malalties minoritàries, és a dir molt poc conegudes entre la població, i profunditzar en el coneixement de la malaltia.
L'objectiu principal d'aquest treball és poder entendre en què consisteix aquesta malaltia i poder investigar mètodes per ajudar a les persones que la pateixen. En aquest treball tractarem una malaltia molt poc freqüent, la distonia. Aquesta afecta principalment el cervell, que és la part més important del nostre cos i també la part afectada en aquest cas, i principalment afecta els músculs, i fa que es contreguin involuntàriament.
En l'àmbit teòric, conèixer la seva genètica i els tractaments impartits avui en dia i si n'hi ha algun que sigui estudiat. També es parlarà del que és la bioinformàtica, ja que aquesta tindrà un paper molt important en el marc pràctic. Finalment, es comenta l'acceptació i la importància de la investigació de les malalties minoritàries a la societat.
En la part pràctica s'estudia quina és la informació que té la població sobre la distonia i les malalties minoritàries en general. Després s'estudia a través de bases de dades la malaltia i la seva genètica. Seguidament, es faran entrevistes a professionals en l'àmbit de la salut i de la malaltia. Per divulgar i dinamitzar el treball es realitzarà un audiollibre, i finalment s’estudiarà la veu i es crearà un llibre com a suport a la comunicació