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Análisis de subtitulación de la película Simón
No full textTutora: Èlia Sala RobertTreball de fi de grau en Traducció i InterpretacióEl lenguaje es un reflejo claro de la cultura porque no hay nada más emblemático que las palabras que usamos cada día. Por ello, este trabajo académico analiza la subtitulación al inglés de coloquialismos, vulgarismos y expresiones culturales propias del español de Venezuela en la película Simón (Diego Vicentini, 2023), disponible en la plataforma Netflix. El objetivo principal de este estudio es identificar las estrategias de traducción utilizadas para la elaboración de los subtítulos y analizar su eficacia para conservar el registro, el tono, los elementos culturales y la intención comunicativa del original. La
metodología de este trabajo consiste en un análisis contrastivo de fragmentos seleccionados de la película y sus subtítulos correspondientes, todo ello teniendo en cuenta las limitaciones espaciales y temporales propias de la subtitulación, así como el apoyo visual de las imágenes en pantalla, en algunos casos. Los resultados de dicho análisis demuestran que las técnicas de adaptación, neutralización y omisión son las más usadas. Estas técnicas de traducción suprimen los elementos culturales del diálogo original pero mantienen el significado transmitiéndolo efectivamente en la traducción.
Aunque un escenario ideal sería mantener los elementos culturales del producto audiovisual, las limitaciones de espacio y tiempo no suelen ser las más favorecedoras para ello. En conclusión, este trabajo demuestra la dificultad de traducción que presentan los coloquialismos y elementos culturales enfocándose particularmente en la modalidad de subtitulación, además de poner en evidencia el arduo trabajo del traductor en este tipo de casos.El llenguatge és un reflex clar de la cultura perquè no hi ha res que sigui més emblemàtic que les paraules que fem servir cada dia. És per aquest motiu que aquest treball acadèmic analitza la subtitulació a l'anglès dels col·loquialismes, vulgarismes i expressions culturals pròpies de l'espanyol de Veneçuela a la pel·lícula Simón (Diego Vicentini, 2023), disponible a la plataforma Netflix. L'objectiu principal d'aquest estudi és identificar les estratègies de traducció utilitzades per a l'elaboració dels subtítols i analitzar-ne l'eficàcia per conservar el registre, el to, els elements culturals i la intenció comunicativa de l'original. La metodologia d'aquest treball consisteix en una anàlisi contrastiva de fragments seleccionats de la pel·lícula i els subtítols corresponents, tot això tenint en compte les limitacions espacials i temporals pròpies de la subtitulació, així com el suport visual de les imatges en pantalla, en alguns casos. Així doncs, els resultats d'aquesta anàlisi demostren que les tècniques d'adaptació, neutralització i omissió són les més utilitzades. Aquestes tècniques de traducció suprimeixen els elements culturals del diàleg original, però, mantenen el significat transmetent-ho efectivament a la traducció.
Tot i que un escenari idoni seria mantenir els elements culturals del producte audiovisual, les limitacions d'espai i de temps no solen ser les més afavoridores. En conclusió, aquest treball demostra la dificultat de traducció que presenten els col·loquialismes i elements culturals enfocant-se particularment en la modalitat de subtitulació, a més de posar de manifest el complex treball del traductor en aquest tipus de casos.Nothing is more emblematic than the words we use every day, that’s why language is the clear reflection of culture. Therefore, this academic work analyzes the English subtitling of colloquialisms, vulgarisms, and cultural expressions typical of Venezuelan Spanish in the film ‘Simón’ (Diego Vicentini, 2023), available on Netflix. The principal objective of this work is to identify the translation strategies used for the elaboration of the subtitles and to evaluate their effectiveness in preserving the register, tone, cultural elements, and communicative intention of the original. The methodology of this work consists of a contrastive analysis of selected fragments of the film and their corresponding subtitles, taking into account the spatial and temporal limitations of subtitling as well as the visual
support of the images on the screen, in some cases. The results of this analysis show that adaptation, neutralization, and omission are the most used techniques in the film. These translation techniques remove the cultural elements of the original dialogue but maintain the meaning by effectively conveying it in the translation. While an ideal scenario would be to maintain the cultural elements of the audiovisual product, space and time limits are often not conducive to this. In conclusion, this academic work proves the difficulty of translating colloquialisms and cultural elements, focusing particularly on the subtitling modality as well as highlighting the translator's hard work in this sort of case
Lepromatous leprosy in an immunosuppressed patient due to renal transplantation associated with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge
No full textTemperature exposure and children's brain development
No full textIn the context of the ongoing climate change emergency, there is growing concern about the impacts of increasingly extreme temperatures on children’s health, but the effects of extreme temperatures on children's brain development remain underexplored. This thesis investigated the effects of temperature exposure on brain structure and function in children, identifying potential susceptibility periods. The three studies of this thesis were embedded within the Generation R Study, a birth cohort in Rotterdam. Residential-level ambient temperatures were estimated with the high-resolution climate model UrbClim. Children underwent three magnetic resonance imaging brain scans at mean ages 8, 10, and 14, in which brain microstructure, macrostructure, and functional connectivity were assessed. Results showed that exposure to extreme temperatures was associated with poorer white matter integrity, slower growth of the thalamus and hippocampus, and lower functional connectivity in three resting-state networks. Children in lower socioeconomic status neighbourhoods were more susceptible to cold exposure. These results suggest that exposure to high and low temperatures during childhood may affect brain structure and function, potentially influencing children’s behavioural and cognitive development.En el context de l'emergència climàtica actual, ha crescut la preocupació pels efectes de les temperatures extremes en la salut infantil, tot i que els seus impactes en el desenvolupament cerebral dels infants no s’han investigat. Aquesta tesi ha investigat els efectes de l'exposició a la temperatura sobre l'estructura i funció cerebrals dels nens i nenes, identificant possibles períodes de susceptibilitat. Els tres estudis inclosos en aquesta tesi es van dur a terme en el marc del Generation R Study, una cohort de naixements a Rotterdam. Les temperatures ambientals a nivell residencial es van estimar amb el model d’alta resolució UrbClim. Els nens i nenes van participar en tres ressonàncies magnètiques cerebrals als 8, 10 i 14 anys, on es van avaluar la microestructura, la macroestructura i la connectivitat funcional del cervell. L'exposició a temperatures extremes es va associar amb una menor integritat de la microestructura de la substància blanca, un creixement més lent del tàlem i l’hipocamp, i una menor connectivitat funcional en tres xarxes cerebrals. Els infants de barris amb un menor nivell socioeconòmic van ser més susceptibles a l'exposició al fred. Aquests resultats suggereixen que l’exposició a temperatures altes i baixes durant el desenvolupament infantil pot afectar a l’estructura i la funció del cervell, potencialment influint el desenvolupament conductual i cognitiu dels nens i nenes.Programa de Doctorat en Biomedicin
Allelic effects on KLHL17 expression underlie a pancreatic cancer genome-wide association signal at chr1p36.33
No full textPancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the U.S. Both rare and common germline variants contribute to PDAC risk. Here, we fine-map and functionally characterize a common PDAC risk signal at chr1p36.33 (tagged by rs13303010) identified through a genome wide association study (GWAS). One of the fine-mapped SNPs, rs13303160 (OR = 1.23 (95% CI 1.15-1.32), P-value = 2.74×10-9, LD r2 = 0.93 with rs13303010 in 1000 G EUR samples) demonstrated allele-preferential gene regulatory activity in vitro and binding of JunB and JunD in vitro and in vivo. Expression Quantitative Trait Locus (eQTL) analysis identified KLHL17 as a likely target gene underlying the signal. Proteomic analysis identified KLHL17 as a member of the Cullin-E3 ubiquitin ligase complex with vimentin and nestin as candidate substrates for degradation in PDAC-derived cells. In silico differential gene expression analysis of high and low KLHL17 expressing GTEx pancreas samples suggested an association between lower KLHL17 levels (risk associated) and pro-inflammatory pathways. We hypothesize that KLHL17 may mitigate cell injury and inflammation by recruiting nestin and vimentin for ubiquitination and degradation thereby influencing PDAC risk
"They have kidnapped our river": dam removal conflicts in catalonia and their relation to ecosystem services perceptions
No full textRiver restoration is essential to guarantee access to ecosystem services provided by free-flowing rivers. One mechanism to restore rivers is the decommissioning of run-of-the-river dams, but restoration can create opposition as anthropised landscapes form part of the environmental history and imaginary. To facilitate decision-making, actors' perceptions on ecosystem services for and against dam removal should be considered. We analyse perceptions on ecosystem services at two levels of study in Catalonia (Spain): the Catalan context and two local cases of dam removal in the Ter River Basin. Local case studies illustrate that combining participatory mapping and interviews makes contrasting values conspicuous and contributes to conflict understanding. Additionally, we acknowledge a dichotomy of perceptions between locals and outsiders, and the relevance of cultural values, environmental aesthetics, and history for actors' positioning. We propose the engagement of local stakeholders at the basin level through participatory approaches for the sake of understanding water conflicts, as decision making will rarely achieve social sustainability without local support
The European judiciary: a community of law and a community of judges
No full textThis open access book provides a compelling re-examination of the European Union judiciary, encompassing the European Court of Human Rights, the Court of Justice of the European Union and constitutional courts, as explored by prominent scholars from the Spanish academic community.
Organised into three substantive parts, the book explores the essential interplay between these judicial bodies, emphasising how their distinct roles, challenges and evolutions are deeply interconnected. Together, these institutions form a cohesive yet occasionally tension-filled 'community of judges' that collaborates, interacts, and sometimes diverges in shaping the legal landscape of Europe.
The first part examines the institutional framework and the foundational role of the European Court of Human Rights, focusing on its influence on European legal norms and human rights protections. The second part addresses the institutional challenges faced by the Court of Justice of the European Union, including its function as a cornerstone of EU law and its interactions with other courts. The final part investigates the role of constitutional courts within EU Member States, highlighting their responses to European integration and their dynamic relationships with supranational courts.
By exploring the interdependencies, mutual influences, and occasional tensions within this 'community of judges', the book reveals how these courts, in collaboration with European scholarship, collectively contribute to a broader 'community of law' that continues to shape the legal and political order of Europe.The Jean Monnet Chair of Alejandro Saiz Arnaiz Community of Law and Community of Judges: The European Judiciary and the Future of the Union at Pompeu Fabra University (Ref. number: 101047901) provided the vital forum and essential foundation for the research, collaboration and intellectual exchange that led to the work compiled in these pages. By fostering a deeper understanding of European integration and especially its legal dimensions, the Jean Monnet Programme plays a key role in generating scientific knowledge and informed debate on the crucial issues currently facing the EU.
Finally, the book has benefited from the support of the research project funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of the Spanish Government entitled Populismo y poder judicial: los retos para el Estado constitucional de derecho (PRESP07023-AEI- PID2022/136707NB-100, funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). This project provided the resources necessary for delving deeply into the complex relationship between populism, the judiciary and the rule of law within the EU. This funding facilitated extensive research, fostered collaboration among the contributing authors,and supported the organisation of academic events and discussions that significantly enriched the ideas presented in this book
Omalizumab is effective and safe in chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU): Real-world data from a large multi-national UCARE study
No full textBackground: Long-term data on the effectiveness and safety of omalizumab for chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU) in large populations are lacking. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness, safety, estimated omalizumab treatment duration and its predictors, as well as differences between CIndU subtypes, in a large long-term CIndU cohort. Methods: A multinational multicenter study was conducted at 14 specialized urticaria centres (UCAREs), including all CIndU patients ever treated with omalizumab from 2009 until July 2022. Kaplan-Meier survival and regression analyses were performed. Results: Across 234 CIndU patients (55% female; mean age 37 years), 76% (n = 178) had standalone CIndU and 24% (n = 56) had predominant CIndU plus minor CSU, with an observation period up to 13 years. Most CIndU patients (73%, n = 145/200 with available data on response) had complete/good response to omalizumab treatment, without significant differences between CIndU subtypes. Sixty-two (26%) patients discontinued omalizumab; due to well-controlled disease (47%, n = 29), ineffectiveness (34%, n = 21), side effects (3%, n = 2), combination of ineffectiveness and side effects (3%, n = 2) and other reasons (13%, n = 8). The median estimated omalizumab treatment duration exceeded 5 years (54% drug survival at 5 years) and was mostly determined by well-controlled disease. Higher age predicted a lower chance to discontinue omalizumab due to well-controlled disease (HR 0.969, 95%CI 0.945-0.995). CIndU subtype and presence of minor CSU were not related to response and time until omalizumab discontinuation for any reason. Conclusion: Omalizumab is highly effective and safe in CIndU patients, with long estimated treatment duration mainly reflecting long disease duration. Our data show omalizumab's high potential as treatment in any subtype of CIndU and support its clinical use for these patients
Llogateres sense llar: anàlisi dels efectes de l’alienació residencial sobre la qualitat de vida de la joventut precaritzada a Barcelona
No full textTreball guanyador del Primer premi del 2025 en Benestar Planetari convocat conjuntament per la UPF, la UPF-BSM i la càtedra UNESCO de Cicle de Vida i Canvi Climàtic ESCI-UPF, al millors treballs de fi de grau (TFG) sobre temes de Benestar Planetari.Treball de Fi de Grau en Ciències Polítiques i de l'Administració. Curs 2024-2025Tutor: Luis Manuel Sanmartin CavaAquest treball analitza els efectes de l’alienació residencial sobre la qualitat de vida de la joventut precaritzada a Barcelona, entesa com una desconnexió econòmica, simbòlica i relacional amb l’espai habitat. A partir d’un marc teòric que combina aportacions de Marx, Federici, Harvey, Lefebvre, Giddens i Madden & Marcuse, s’explora com la financiarització de l’habitatge, la mercantilització de la llar i la precarietat contractual erosionen l’estabilitat emocional, la intimitat i la capacitat de projectar futur. Mitjançant una metodologia qualitativa basada en entrevistes en profunditat i codificació temàtica, s’identifiquen formes d’alienació econòmica (treballar només per pagar una habitació), simbòlica (no sentir l’espai com a propi), emocional (fragilitat del vincle amb l’habitatge) i interseccional. Els resultats mostren que molts joves viuen amb sostre però sense llar, atrapats en una estructura urbana que imposa provisionalitat, control i desarrelament. Es conclou que cal reconèixer l’alienació residencial com una forma de violència estructural i reivindicar l’habitatge com a dret subjectiu vinculat a la vida digna, l’arrelament i la seguretat ontològica.This thesis analyses the effects of residential alienation on the quality of life of precarious youth in Barcelona, understood as an economic, symbolic and relational disconnection from the inhabited space. Based on a theoretical framework that draws on Marx, Federici, Harvey, Lefebvre, Giddens, and Madden & Marcuse, it explores how housing financialisation, commodification of the home and contractual precariousness erode emotional stability, intimacy and future prospects. Using a qualitative methodology based on in-depth interviews and thematic coding, the study identifies forms of alienation: economic (working only to afford a room), symbolic (not feeling the space as one’s own), emotional (a fragile bond with the dwelling) and intersectional. Findings show that many young people live under a roof but without a home, trapped in an urban structure that imposes provisionality, control and uprooting. The thesis concludes that residential alienation should be recognised as structural violence, and that housing must be reclaimed as a subjective right tied to dignity, rootedness and ontological security
Mobilizing news media audiences: models for the activation of relevance and engagement in audiences
No full textThe MAREA (Models for the Activation of Relevance and Engagement in Audiences) framework offers a practical methodology for media outlets to assess and enhance their relevance and engagement capacity, crucial elements for their long-term economic sustainability. This model operationalizes media sustainability through three fundamental dimensions: reputation, visibility, and audience loyalty. MAREA proposes a set of 337 actions and 226 metrics, synthesized into seven main action parameters: scale, user orientation, organizational development, churn prevention, editorial identity, transparency, and institutional recognition. These parameters, alongside clear metrics, enable media organizations, especially smaller ones with limited resources, to identify areas for improvement and develop concrete action plans. The chapter details each parameter, illustrates its application with a hypothetical case, and emphasizes the importance of reinterpreting metrics beyond mere visibility to encompass reputation and audience loyalty, thereby facilitating proactive management and greater resilience in a changing media environment.This work is part of the Project “Parameters and strategies to increase the relevance of media and digital communication in society: curation, visualisation and visibility (CUVICOM)”. Grant PID2021-123579OB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF, EU
IA y bancos de imágenes: una metodología de investigación
No full textEste capítulo presenta un marco metodológico para analizar el sesgo de género y la presencia de estereotipos socioculturales en bancos de imágenes profesionales, con especial atención a los resultados visuales generados por plataformas fotográficas y generadas con IA. El estudio se basa en la hipótesis de que las indicaciones neutrales (aquellas que carecen de referencias explícitas al género, la edad o la etnia) deberían, en ausencia de sesgos culturales o técnicos, generar una representación visual equilibrada entre las diferentes categorías sociales. Cualquier desviación significativa de dicha proporcionalidad puede indicar la existencia de sesgos implícitos o clichés visuales recurrentes. Para explorar esto, se analizan imágenes recuperadas de cuatro plataformas profesionales: dos basadas en fotografía convencional y dos basadas en la generación de imágenes con IA. Se ha desarrollado un sistema de indicadores codificados para clasificar las representaciones en términos de género, edad, etnia, diversidad funcional, pautas de belleza y acciones representadas. La metodología excluye imágenes de grupo y variantes casi idénticas para garantizar la diversidad y el rigor analítico. Los hallazgos revelan que las plataformas basadas en IA se alinean con mayor consistencia con las indicaciones del usuario (60,36 %) en comparación con las bases de datos fotográficas tradicionales (44,84 %). Sin embargo, ambos tipos de plataformas presentan patrones estereotipados, lo que sugiere la persistencia de tropos visuales y clichés. La metodología propuesta resulta eficaz para detectar estos sesgos y ofrece un marco analítico transferible. El capítulo busca contribuir a esfuerzos más amplios hacia culturas visuales más inclusivas, fomentando la investigación interdisciplinaria sobre la generación y representación algorítmica de imágenes en medios digitales.Este trabajo forma parte del proyecto “Parámetros y estrategias para incrementar la relevancia de los medios y la comunicación digital en la sociedad: curación, visualización y visibilidad (CUVICOM)”. Ayuda PID2021-123579OB-I00 financiada por MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 y por FEDER, UE