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Towards trustworthy AI research assistants: leveraging knowledge graphs for knowledge synthesis
No full textTreball fi de màster de: Erasmus Mundus joint Master in Artificial Intelligence (EMAI)Supervisors: Dr. Alessandro Zani, Prof. Dr. Vicenç GómezThe use of LLMs is becoming more widespread every day. Its use of purpose varies from answering questions, evaluating information, and summarizing a large amount of information. This capability of LLMs also helps researchers who need to read and follow a lot of papers. Making sense of scientific research is more important than ever for informed decisionmaking. It is becoming nearly impossible for researchers to keep up and piece everything together manually with the overwhelming number of new studies being published every day. AI-powered research assistants, especially those built on large language models are beginning to help to find, analyze, and summarize huge volumes of information. However, how can we be sure that these summaries are accurate and reliable? Recent studies point to a promising solution, the grounding of LLMs with structured formats such as knowledge graphs (KGs), which can help improve both the reliability, explainability, and quality of the information they produce. This thesis explores how to generate knowledge graphs from unstructured text, with a focus on understanding and comparing different methods and configurations. The main goal is to evaluate how well these approaches capture useful information, both in terms of quantity and quality, by using a recently published benchmark as a point of reference. Ultimately, the findings are designed to support the integration of knowledge graphs into LLM-based research assistants, helping to make knowledge synthesis more accurate, reliable, and effective
Primeras estéticas del cine realizado con IA generativa: el contexto del +RAIN Film Fest
No full textEl objetivo de este artículo es identificar los posibles modelos estéticos que la IA generativa ha introducido en el lenguaje cinematográfico en los tres últimos años, actualizando unas formas preexistentes y adaptándolas a temáticas contemporáneas como el posthumanismo, la emergencia climática, la memoria digital o las sociedades de control. Para ello, se ha tomado como contexto y corpus de estudio el primer festival europeo especializado en películas realizadas con IA generativa, el +RAIN Film Fest. A partir del análisis de una quincena de películas -programadas entre 2023 y 2025- se identifican aquellos aspectos formales recurrentes y su correlación a nivel temático. Cada uno de estos aspectos estructura nuestra primera aproximación estética a este tipo de films, tratando de ofrecer un panorama de las distintas tendencias. En plena emergencia y popularización de estas nuevas metodologías de creación audiovisual, y asumiendo que este es un territorio en continua mutación, el artículo ofrece una visión novedosa a las investigaciones existentes, estableciendo puentes entre el pasado y el presente, para argumentar que esta tecnología prolonga también una historia del cine que ya estaba contenida en formas anteriores. Los vínculos con el cine de los orígenes, las vanguardias de los años veinte o el cine experimental de los años sesenta se reactualizan mediante las posibilidades de la IA generativa en pleno siglo XXI. Aunque los resultados no puedan extrapolarse al contexto del cine comercial, nos permiten sentar las bases para pensar los procesos creativos de la IA e imbricarlos en los de la cultura visual
Experiencias inmersivas de no-ficción propuestas para el guionado y diseño narrativo
No full textTras algunos años de experimentación, las obras inmersivas de no-ficción muestran signos de consolidación en el desarrollo de experiencias basadas en tecnologías de realidad virtual. Esta investigación busca aportar a la comprensión de las etapas creativas de la producción inmersiva, focalizándose en las técnicas, metodologías y herramientas de escritura de guion aplicados por diversos equipos profesionales, procurando describir los procesos de diseño y creación de contenidos inmersivos de no-ficción tipo RVR y RV2 para consumo en HMDs. Aplicando un diseño metodológico cualitativo se revisaron producciones documentales inmersivas contemporáneas y se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad con directores, guionistas y diseñadores de estas obras, así como investigadores, especialistas y referentes españoles y latinoamericanos. Asimismo, se analizaron y compararon los documentos de trabajo elaborados por los equipos creativos (escaletas, guiones, bocetos y storyboards). Como resultado, se diseñaron guías, plantillas y recursos para diseño narrativo inmersivo que pueden aplicarse a futuros proyectos de no-ficción.After several years of experimentation, immersive non-fiction works show signs of consolidation in the development of experiences based on virtual reality technologies. This research seeks to contribute to the understanding of the creative stages of immersive production, focusing on the techniques, methodologies and scriptwriting tools applied by various professional teams, attempting to describe the design and creation processes of immersive non-fiction content such as VR and VR2 for consumption on HMDs. Using a qualitative methodological design, contemporary immersive documentary productions were reviewed, and in-depth interviews were conducted with directors, scriptwriters and designers of these works, as well as Spanish and Latin American researchers, specialists and experts. Likewise, the working documents prepared by the creative teams (outlines, scripts, sketches and storyboards) were analyzed and compared. As a result, guides, templates and resources for immersive narrative design were designed that can be applied to future non-fiction projects.Programa de Doctorat en Comunicaci
Populism, abortion and human rights: a legal analysis of populist tactics to restrict reproductive rights across the US and Europe
No full textTreball de Fi de Màster: Màster Avançat en Ciències Jurídiques. Curs 2024-2025Tutor: Joan Solanes MullorIn June 2022, the landmark Roe v. Wade judgement was overruled by the US Supreme Court. This decision caused great concern, especially among women, as it ended the formerly constitutionally protected right to abortion. For US President Trump, it was the fulfilment of a campaign promise. This thesis investigates the connection between right-wing populism and the erosion of abortion rights in Western democracies.
It aims to analyse the legal arguments of populist movements in Europe and the US to restrict abortion access. Further, it highlights how this development clashes with constitutional standards and human rights frameworks.
Starting with a theoretical framework for populism, the study examines in detail the legal tactics of anti-abortion populists and their consequences. For the US part, the focus lies on the judgement Dobbs. v. Jacksons Women’s Health Organization and its originalist interpretation. On the European side, developments in Poland, Hungary and Germany are explored. Ultimately, the observations are contrasted with human rights law.
This paper finds that anti-abortion populism undermines human rights principles, often through misinterpretation of constitutional law. It becomes clear that populists have similar goals, but pursue different approaches to achieve them. What unites them is that they don’t include sufficient consideration of human rights in their policies. The characteristics of right-wing populism increase the already existing tensions. Nevertheless, human rights law and constitutionalism can offer robust responses to these developments
Proposta d’adaptació al català de cançons de West Side Story (2021)
No full textTutora: Aida Franch
Treball de fi de grau en Traducció i InterpretacióMalgrat ser una modalitat que està agafant popularitat, gairebé no hi ha documentació sobre l’adaptació de cançons per a doblatge, en especial cap a la llengua catalana. Per aquest motiu, aquest estudi proposa l’adaptació de cinc cançons de la pel·lícula musical West Side Story (2021), que no ha estat doblada al català. Les versions de «Maria», «Tonight», «America», «I Feel Pretty» i «Somewhere» són només una mostra d’allò que es podria arribar a aconseguir amb un doblatge complet de la pel·lícula cap al català, ja que, en adaptar les cançons a part del diàleg, s’obté un resultat de gran ersemblança. Per dur a terme aquesta tasca, he fet una recerca intensiva per ampliar coneixements teòrics sobre doblatge i adaptació musical, he adaptat les cinc cançons escollides al català i he analitzat el procés d’adaptació i els reptes i solucions de cadascuna. A les conclusions he comentat la importància dels elements que cal tenir en compte a l’hora d’adaptar cançons per a doblatge, que són tots aquells que s’expliquen al marc teòric del treball. Aquest treball demostra que la feina dels professionals de l’adaptació musical és complexa però efectiva, ja que s’obté un resultat realista amb què l’espectador pot connectar més.Aunque es una modalidad cuya popularidad está aumentando, casi no hay documentación sobre la adaptación de canciones para doblaje, en especial hacia la lengua catalana. Por este motivo,
este estudio propone la adaptación de cinco canciones de la película musical West Side Story (2021), que no se ha doblado al catalán. Las versiones de «Maria», «Tonight», «America», «I
Feel Pretty» y «Somewhere» son solo una muestra de lo que se podría llegar a conseguir con un doblaje completo de la película hacia el catalán, ya que, al adaptar las canciones aparte del
diálogo, se obtiene un resultado de gran verosimilitud. Para llevar a cabo esta tarea, he hecho una investigación intensiva para ampliar conocimientos teóricos sobre doblaje y adaptación
musical, he adaptado las cinco canciones escogidas al catalán y he analizado el proceso de adaptación y los retos y soluciones de cada una de ellas. En las conclusiones he comentado la
importancia de los elementos que hay que tener en cuenta al adaptar canciones para doblaje, que son todos aquellos que se explican en el marco teórico del trabajo. Este trabajo demuestra
que la labor de los profesionales de la adaptación musical es compleja pero efectiva, ya que el producto resultante tiene un gran realismo con el que el espectador puede conectar más.Even though the popularity of this modality is rising, there is almost no documentation about song-translation for dubbing, especially towards the Catalan language. That is the reason why
this study proposes the adaptation of five songs from the musical film West Side Story (2021), which has not been dubbed to Catalan. The versions of «Maria», «Tonight», «America», «I
Feel Pretty» and «Somewhere» are only a sample of what could be achieved with a complete Catalan dubbing of this film, because, when adapting the songs besides the dialogue, a result
of great verisimilitude is obtained. To accomplish this task, I have done thorough research to expand my theoretical knowledge of dubbing and musical adaptation, I have adapted the five
chosen songs and analysed the process of adaptation and the challenges and solutions of each one of them. In the conclusions, I have discussed the importance of all the elements that have
to be taken into account when adapting songs for dubbing, that have all been explained in this study’s theoretical framework. This study demonstrates that the work of musical translation
professionals is complex but effective, because the resulting product has a great realism with which the audience can have a deeper connection
Association of maternal thyroglobulin with gestational thyroid function and offspring IQ and brain morphology
No full textBackground: Low maternal urinary iodine concentration (UIC) during pregnancy is associated with adverse offspring neurodevelopment. Thyroglobulin (Tg) has been suggested as a more sensitive biomarker than UIC of long-term iodine status, but associations of Tg with neurodevelopment and the possible mediating role of thyroid function remain unknown. Aim: To study whether maternal Tg is associated with (1) maternal and newborn thyroid function and (2) offspring IQ and brain morphology. Methods: Participants were selected from 2 population-based prospective cohorts: Generation R (the Netherlands, iodine-sufficient) and INfancia y Medio Ambiente (Spain, mildly iodine-deficient) with maternal Tg and thyroid function data in the first half of pregnancy or in cord blood, early childhood IQ (age 4.5 and 6 years), late childhood IQ (age 9 and 13), or brain morphology at 10 years. Associations of Tg with TSH, free T4 (FT4), IQ, and brain morphology were studied with multivariable linear regression. Results: (1) Tg was associated with lower TSH (-0.12 [-0.16; -0.08]) and higher FT4 (0.08 [0.05; 0.12]) in pregnancy (n = 4367) but not with cord blood TSH or FT4 (n = 2008). (2) Tg was associated with lower IQ in early childhood (β [95% confidence interval]: -0.06 [-0.10; -0.01], n = 2919) but not with IQ (n = 2503) or brain morphology (n = 1180) in later childhood. None of the associations of Tg with the studied outcomes differed by the iodine-to-creatinine ratio (ie, effect modification) or changed when adjusted for thyroid function. Conclusion: Higher Tg is associated with lower IQ in early childhood and higher thyroid function during pregnancy but not with IQ or brain morphology in later childhood. Further research should determine the value of Tg in addition to UIC for defining iodine status.This study was funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw) VIDI Grant (project number 016.176.331, awarded to R.P.) and the Sophia Children's Hospital Foundation (SSWO, grant S17–19, awarded to T.K., H.T., and R.P.). The general design of the Generation R Study was made possible by financial support from the Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Erasmus University Rotterdam, ZonMw, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, and the Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sport. This study was also supported in part by the EUthyroid Project: European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 634453. M.G. was funded by a Miguel Servet II fellowship (CPII18/00018) awarded by the Spanish Institute of Health Carlos III. We also acknowledge support from the grant CEX2018-000806-S funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. The INMA Project was funded by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Red INMA G03/176; CB06/02/0041; FIS-FEDER:PI03/1615; PI041436; PI04/1509; PI06/1213; PI081151; PI11/01007; PI11/02591; PI11/02038; PI12/00610; PI12/01890; CP13/00054; PI13/1944; PI13/2032; PI14/00891; PI14/01687; PI16/1288; PI17/00663; PI19/1338; PII23/1578); Miguel Servet-FEDER (CP11/00178, CP15/00025, MSII16/00051, MS20/0006); CIBERESP, Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT 1999SGR 00241; Generalitat de Catalunya-AGAUR (2009 SGR 501, 2014 SGR 822); Fundació La marató de TV3 (090430); Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2012-32991 including FEDER funds); Spanish Ministry of Universities (Margarita Salas Grant MS21-133, grant CAS21/00008); Generalitat Valenciana (CIAICO/2021/132, BEST/2020/059, AICO 2020/285, AICO/2021/182, and CIDEGENT/2019/064); Consejo General de Enfermería (PNI22_CGE45); FISABIO (UGP 15-230, UGP-15-244, UGP-15-249); and Alicia Koplowitz Foundation 2017, Agence Nationale de Securite Sanitaire de l’Alimentation de l’Environnement et du Travail (1262C0010), EU Commission (261357, 308333, 603794 and 634453, FP7-ENV-2011 cod 282957, HEALTH.2010.2.4.5-1, cod 874583, and cod 101136566)
Non-mainstream left parties, primaries, and women's winning chances in leadership contests
No full textData de publicació electrònica: 29-09-2025This paper investigates how party primaries affect the likelihood of women winning mixed-gender leadership contests, considering the ideological orientation of political parties. Previous studies, which focused on center-left and center-right parties, found that women tend to fare worse than men under party primaries. However, it remains unclear whether this conclusion also applies to non-mainstream left parties that prioritize women's issues. Using an original dataset encompassing 692 candidates from 204 mixed-gender leadership contests in green, far-left, center-left, and center-right parties across seven Western parliamentary countries over the past 15 years, we demonstrate that the impact of party primaries on women's success depends on the party's ideological orientation. This paper thus contributes to the debate on the trade-off between inclusiveness in candidate and leader selection, and the representation of marginalized groups, such as women.The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research has been made possible thanks to the research project, PID2021-124949NB-100/MICIN/AEI/10.13039/FEDER, titled "Should We Divide the Party Leadership to Have More Women Leaders", led by Prof. Astudillo. The project is financed by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN), and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)
A comprehensive analysis of the abdominal aortic aneurysm growth rate in the Spanish population
No full textObjective: The risk of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) rupture is associated with the aneurysm size and growth rate. This study aims to provide a global description of growth rates per intervals of AAA diameter size for individuals in the Spanish population, to understand possible comorbidities associated with growth rate variability, and to assess practitioners on safe follow-up visits for AAA patients. Methods: We present the Triple-A Barcelona Study (TABS), a new hospital-based longitudinal study recruiting consecutive individuals with AAAs in Barcelona. So far, 469 individuals with measurements of the abdominal aortic diameter, along with anthropometric, clinical information, and blood samples for most follow-up visits, have been recruited. Statistical modeling was performed to identify the most relevant predictors of the diameter size and expansion in individuals with AAAs using linear mixed-effect models. Results: The average growth rate per interval was 0.78 (2.34) mm/year for aneurysms with an initial diameter between 30 and 40 mm, 1.22 (3.34) mm/year for aneurysms with an initial diameter between 40 and 50 mm, and 4.12 (5.09) mm/year for aneurysms with an initial diameter equal to or greater than 50 mm. The main factors determining the growth rate beyond the aortic diameter are sex and related comorbidities (COPD and DM). The estimated time to reach the surgical threshold for individuals with small aneurysms exceeded 10 years, on average. Conclusions: Overall, this study serves as a promising step towards the development of better prediction tools to assess clinical decisions in AAA patients in the Spanish population and to guide future screening policies.TABS is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Agencia Estatal de Investigación) projects PID2019-109844RB-I00 and PID2023-149864OB-I00, and by project 202334-30-31 from Fundació La Marató de 3CAT. Maria Sabater-Lleal is supported by a Miguel Servet contract from the ISCIII Spanish Health Institute (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CPII22/00007) and co-financed by the European Social Fund. Samples and data from patients provided by Hospital La Fe, Valencia, were managed by Biobank La Fe (PT17/0015/0043) after approval by the scientific and ethical committees. We acknowledge support from Red de Investigación en Patología Aórtica (RED2022-134541-T)
Migrant origin children and child poverty in Spain: a decomposition analysis
No full textSouthern and Eastern European countries have historically had high child poverty rates. In the case of Spain, child poverty rates for migrant origin children, a growing population group, have remained among the highest across EU-27 countries in the last decades. Despite wide recognition among both researchers and policy makers of the scale of the problem, the factors explaining the poverty gap between migrant and native origin children remain under-researched. Applying the theoretical framework of ethnic penalties to the study of child poverty and using pooled data from the Spanish Survey on Income and Living Conditions, we explore the factors associated with the poverty penalty for three migrant origin groups of children–Ecuadorian, Moroccan, and Romanian– defined based on their parents’ country of birth. Decomposition analysis results show the poverty penalty to be highest for Moroccan origin children, followed by Romanian and Ecuadorian. Our models account for a large amount of the observed gross poverty penalties, particularly in the case of Ecuadorian origin children for whom we are able to explain it in full. The household labour market position and parental educational attainment emerge as key explanatory factors, although we do observe substantial differences in the relative weight of risk factors across groups. These findings have important policy implications and make the case for the incorporation of an understanding of migrant origin differences into the child poverty agenda.We gratefully acknowledge funding for the research project MiCyclo, which aims to improve knowledge about the migration cycle in Spain, from the National Research Agency of the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities. Grant agreement: PID2020-114702RA-I00. We also thank the employees of the Spanish National Statistics Institute (INE) for their collaboration during the data request process and colleagues for their comments on previous versions of this article in the different conferences and seminars we have presented it