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Una aproximación a la credibilidad informativa en Latinoamérica: los casos de Argentina y Chile
No full textEste informe realizado por la Cátedra Ideograma - UPF de Comunicación Política y Democracia examina las tendencias de la credibilidad informativa en Argentina y Chile a través de un estudio demoscópico con una muestra de 1.604 argentinos y 1.623 chilenos, ambos representativos en las variables género, edad y origen geográfico. El estudio analiza, entre otros factores, los efectos del formato del mensaje en la credibilidad de la información. En total se presentan cuatro formatos (televisión digital, prensa digital, Facebook y WhatsApp) y cuatro temáticas de noticias (desempleo, salud pública, corrupción y medioambiente). Los resultados muestran cómo la televisión sigue siendo el medio más creíble, seguido por la prensa digital. En cambio, las plataformas de social media Facebook y WhatsApp se perciben como las menos creíbles. La temática no parece un elemento relevante en sus efectos en la credibilidad, pero sí que se encuentran factores socioeconómicos y políticos con efectos relevantes como la edad, el nivel educativo, la ideología política y la satisfacción con la democracia.
Relación de ficheros y nomenclaturas abreviadas:
- INFORME_Cred_info.pdf
- Noticia Medioambiente V Argentina: Vídeo1_Ar_Med.mp4 (181 MB)
- Noticia Salud Publica V Argentina: Vídeo2_Ar_ SP.mp4 (186.66 MB)
- Noticia Corrupcion V Argentina: Vídeo3_Ar_Cor.mp4 (151.69 MB)
- Noticia Desempleo V Argentina: Vídeo4_Ar_Des .mp4 (124.56 MB)
- Noticia Medioambiente V Chile: Vídeo5_Ch_Med.mp4 (189.86 MB)
- Noticia Salud Publica V Chile: Vídeo6_Ch_SP.mp4 (186.64 MB)
- Noticia Corrupcion V Chile: Vídeo7_Ch_Des.mp4 (135.54 MB)
- Noticia Desempleo V Chile: Vídeo8_Ch_Des.mp4 (128.44 MB
International Protection: A Novel Approach to an Autonomous Legal Concept that protects Non-Nationals at Risk of Harm
No full textThe present doctoral thesis unveils the contemporary autonomous meaning of
‘international protection’ as an umbrella concept suited to cover all situations in which a
state must grant a non-national the right to stay on its territory solely to avoid severe
human rights harm. Premised on the necessity to distinguish between categories of nonnationals
according to their entitlement to protection to preserve societal support for the
latter and the inadequacy of common dichotomies (such as refugees versus migrants), the
author provides an in-depth positivist analysis of the expanding reach of international
protection through the evolution of refugee law, non-expulsion obligations in universal
and regional human rights law and the diverse perceptions of this concept by key
international actors and scholars. The consequent re-conceptualisation proposal aspires to
offer researchers, legal practitioners and international organisations a novel approach
capable of more coherently delineating the exact boundaries of states’ current protection
obligations worldwide.La tesis doctoral presenta el significado autónomo contemporáneo de la
«protección internacional» como concepto paraguas adecuado para abarcar todas las
situaciones en las que un estado debe conceder a un extranjero el derecho a permanecer
en su territorio únicamente para evitar una vulneración grave de sus derechos humanos.
Partiendo de la necesidad de distinguir entre categorías de no nacionales en función de su
derecho a la protección para preservar el apoyo de la sociedad a esta protección y de la
inadecuación de dicotomías comunes (como refugiados versus migrantes), el autor ofrece
un análisis positivista del alcance creciente de la protección internacional a través de la
evolución del derecho de los refugiados, las obligaciones de no expulsión en el derecho
universal y regional de los derechos humanos y las diversas percepciones de este concepto
por parte de la doctrina y de otros actores internacionales. La consiguiente propuesta de
reconceptualización aspira a ofrecer a investigadores, juristas, abogados y organizaciones
internacionales un enfoque novedoso capaz de delinear de forma más coherente los
límites exactos de las actuales obligaciones de protección de los estados en el ámbito
universal.Aquesta tesi doctoral presenta el significat autònom contemporani de la
«protecció internacional» com a concepte paraigua adequat que abasta totes les situacions
en què un estat ha de concedir a un estranger el dret a romandre al seu territori únicament
per evitar una vulneració greu dels seus drets humans. Partint de la necessitat de distingir
entre categories de no nacionals en funció del seu dret a la protecció per preservar el
suport de la societat a aquesta protecció i de la inadequació de dicotomies comunes (com
refugiats versus migrants), l’autor ofereix una anàlisi positivista de l’abast creixent de la
protecció internacional a través de l’evolució del dret dels refugiats, les obligacions de no
expulsió en el dret universal i regional dels drets humans i les diverses percepcions
d’aquest concepte per part de la doctrina i d’actors internacionals competents. La proposta
de reconceptualització que en resulta aspira a oferir a investigadors, juristes, advocats i
organitzacions internacionals un enfocament innovador capaç de delinear de manera més
coherent els límits exactes de les obligacions actuals de protecció dels estats en l’àmbit
universal.Programa de Doctorat en Dre
Automatic trimming and scene matching in football videos
No full textTutor: Artur Díaz JuanTreball de fi del grau en Grau en Enginyeria en Sistemes AudiovisualsFootball has established itself as one of the world’s most popular sports, and with today’s media consumption trends, there is increasing demand for accessible and targeted video content. In this thesis we present a first step toward developing an automatic video summarization tool for football matches. We create a tool to facilitate the creation of annotated datasets, essential for training and evaluating summarization models. The annotation process involves two steps: segmenting the summary into a set of shots and mapping each shot to its corresponding segment in the full game footage. To address these challenges, we explores state-of-the-art models for shot segmentation and scene matching. We propose a shot detection stage using TransNetV2, while in the matching stage we propose a backbone comparison using both 2D and 3D feature descriptors. The dataset we work with includes games from three major European leagues —Serie A, La Liga, and Ligue 1 — allowing for evaluation across diverse annotation styles and game formats.El futbol s’ha consolidat com un dels esports més populars del món, i amb les tendències actuals en el consum de mitjans, hi ha una demanda creixent de contingut audiovisual accessible i específic. Aquesta tesi és un primer pas per desenvolupar una eina automàtica de resum de vídeos de partit de futbol. Es centra en construir una eina que faciliti la creació de datasets anotats, essencials per entrenar i evaluar models de resum. El procés d’anotació inclou dos passos: segmentar el resum en fragments individuals i assignar cada fragment al segment corresponent en la gravació completa del partit. Per abordar aquests reptes, el treball explora models d’última generació per a la segmentació de fragments i la correspondència d’escenes. La detecció de fragments es fa amb TransNetV2, mentre que la correspondència s’avalua amb descriptors 2 i 3D i diferents arquitectures backbone. El dataset amb que es treballa inclou partits de tres de les principals lligues europees — Serie A, La Liga i Ligue 1 —, fet que permet una avaluació en estils d’anotació i formats de partit diversos
Face de-identification using diffusion models
No full textTreball fi de màster de: Erasmus Mundus joint Master in Artificial Intelligence (EMAI)Mentor: Asst. Prof. dr. Blaz Meden
Co-mentor: Asst. Prof. dr. Ziga EmersicIn an era of increasing surveillance and data sharing, protecting individuals’ identities in visual data has become a critical concern. This thesis addresses the problem of face de-identification using diffusion models, a powerful class of generative models capable of synthesizing high-fidelity images. We propose two novel approaches that modify the denoising trajectory of diffusion models through two different identity-independent and identity dependent guidance regimes to generate de-identified facial images while preserving essential attributes such as expression and gender. Our method lever ages pre-trained identity recognition models and preconditioned guidance to balance visual realism/quality and privacy. We evaluate our approach on four benchmark datasets—RaFD, XM2VTS, LFW, and CALFW—using metrics
such as AUC, F1 Score, Fr ́echet Distance, and Mean Squared Error. The results demonstrate comparable performance with state-of-the-art techniques in both identity removal effectiveness and attribute preservation. Additionally, we analyze the behavior of the diffusion process under different guidance strategies, providing insight into the trade-offs between identity concealment and image quality
XR streaming performance with wi-fi 7 multi-link operation
No full textExtended Reality (XR) has stringent throughput and delay requirements that are hard to meet with current wireless technologies. Missing these requirements can lead to worsened picture quality, perceived lag between user input and corresponding output, and even dizziness for the end user. In this paper, we study the capability of Wi-Fi 7, and its novel support for Multi-Link Operation (MLO), to cope with these tight requirements. Our study is based on simulation results extracted from an MLO-compliant simulator that realistically reproduces VR traffic. Results show that MLO can sustain Virtual Reality (VR) applications. By jointly using multiple links with independent channel access procedures, MLO can reduce the overall delay, which is especially useful in the uplink, as it has more stringent requirements than the downlink, and is instrumental in delivering the expected performance. We show that using MLO can support more users per Access Point (AP) than an equivalent number of links using Single Link Operation (SLO). We also show that, while maintaining the same overall bandwidth, a higher number of MLO links with narrower channels leads to lower delays than a lower number of links with wider channels. We also study the impact of Overlapping Basic Service Sets (OBSS) on performance of XR applications, showing how SLO struggles to maintain a low delay when OBSS activity increases, and how MLO can cope with this interference by using MLO-aware channel assignment strategies. Finally, we consider random positioning for the users, showcasing that MLO can support 5× more users than SLO.The work of Marc Carrascosa-Zamacois and Boris Bellalta was supported in part by Grant MAX-R under Grant HEu-CL4-MAX-R-101070072; in part by under Grant Wi-XR PID2021-123995NB-I00; and in part by MCIN/AEI through the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Programme under Grant CEX2021-001195-M. The work of Lorenzo Galati-Giordano and Gianluca Fontanesi was supported in part by UNITY-6G Project, funded from European Union’s Horizon Europe Smart Networks and Services Joint Undertaking (SNS JU) Research and Innovation Programme under Grant 101192650. The work of Francesc Wilhelmi was supported in part by Wi-XR under Grant PID2021-123995NB-I00. The work of Giovanni Geraci was supported in part by the Spanish Research Agency under Grant PID2021-123999OB-I00, Grant CEX2021-001195-M, and Grant CNS2023-145384. The work of Boris Bellalta was supported by ICREA Academia under Grant 00077
Deconstructing p53-mediated DNA repair mechanisms in tumour suppression
No full textEl supressor tumoral p53 és el gen mutat amb més freqüència en els càncers humans i regula un ampli programa transcripcional que protegeix contra la transformació maligna. Tanmateix, la complexitat d’aquesta xarxa fa difícil de discernir les contribucions específiques de cadascun dels seus efectors. En aquesta tesi hem emprat dos enfocaments complementaris per investigar la supressió tumoral mediada per p53. En primer lloc, hem dut a terme un cribratge exploratori basat en CRISPR/Cas9 dirigit a gens relacionats amb la reparació de l’ADN i el cicle cel·lular per tal d’identificar nous supressors tumorals regulats per p53. Aquesta anàlisi ha revelat diversos candidats, incloent-hi efectors ja coneguts com CDKN1A (p21), el que reforça el seu el paper crític en la coordinació de l’aturada del cicle cel·lular i la regulació transcripcional. Paral·lelament, hem realitzat un estudi en profunditat de POLK, una DNA-polimerasa regulada per p53 implicada en la supressió tumoral en models murins de limfoma Eµ-Myc. Els nostres resultats indiquen que POLK està involucrada en la restricció del comportament maligne de les cèl·lules i en la preservació de la integritat genòmica, especialment sota condicions d’estrès replicatiu. En conjunt, aquests resultats subratllen la rellevància de POLK dins la xarxa de p53 i la seva contribució a la supressió tumoral en contextos oncogènics específics, incloent-hi el càncer de pulmó.El gen supresor tumoral p53 es el gen con mayor frecuencia de mutación en los cánceres humanos y regula un amplio programa transcripcional que protege a las células de la transformación en células cancerígenas. Sin embargo, la complejidad de esta red dificulta discernir las contribuciones específicas de cada uno de los factores involucrados. En esta tesis hemos empleado dos enfoques complementarios para investigar la supresión tumoral que regula p53. En primer lugar, hemos llevado a cabo un cribado exploratorio basado en la técnica de CRISPR/Cas9, dirigiéndola hacia la exploración de genes relacionados con la reparación del ADN y el ciclo celular, con el objetivo de identificar nuevos supresores tumorales regulados por p53. Este análisis ha revelado varios candidatos, entre ellos genes ya conocidos como CDKN1A (p21), lo que refuerza su papel esencial en la coordinación de la detención del ciclo celular y la regulación transcripcional. Paralelamente, hemos realizado un estudio en profundidad sobre POLK, una ADN polimerasa regulada por p53, descrita previamente como esencial en la supresión tumoral en modelos murinos de linfoma Eµ-Myc. Nuestros resultados indican que POLK participa en la restricción del comportamiento maligno de las células y en la preservación de la integridad genómica, especialmente bajo condiciones de estrés replicativo. En conjunto, estos hallazgos subrayan la relevancia de POLK dentro de la red de p53 y su contribución a la supresión tumoral en contextos oncogénicos específicos, en particular, en el cáncer de pulmón.The tumour suppressor p53 is the most frequently mutated gene across human cancers and orchestrates a broad transcriptional program that safeguards against malignant transformation. However, the complexity of this network makes it challenging to disentangle the specific contributions of individual downstream effectors. In this thesis, we employed two complementary approaches to investigate p53-mediated tumour suppression. First, we carried out an exploratory CRISPR/Cas9 screen targeting DNA repair and cell cycle-related genes to identify novel tumour suppressors acting downstream of p53. This analysis revealed several candidates, including known effectors such as CDKN1A (p21), whose critical role in coordinating cell cycle arrest and transcriptional regulation was further supported. In parallel, we performed an in-depth study of POLK, a p53-regulated DNA polymerase previously implicated in tumour suppression in murine Eµ-Myc-driven lymphoma models. Our results support a role for POLK in restraining malignant cell behaviour and preserving genome integrity, particularly under conditions of replication stress. Together, these findings underscore the relevance of POLK within the p53 network and its contribution to tumour suppression in specific oncogenic contexts, including LUADUniversitat Pompeu Fabra. Doctorat en Biomedicin
Rate of estimation for the stationary distribution of jump-processes over anisotropic holder classes
No full textWe study the problem of the non-parametric estimation for the density - of the stationary distribution of the multivariate stochastic differential equation with jumps (X), when the dimension d is such that d - 3. From the continuous observation of the sampling path on [0,T]we show that, under anisotropic Hölder smoothness constraints, kernel based estimators can achieve fast convergence rates. In particular, they are as fast as the ones found by Dalalyan and Reiss [11] for the estimation of the invariant density in the case without jumps under isotropic Hölder smoothness constraints. Moreover, they are faster than the ones found by Strauch [32] for the invariant density estimation of continuous stochastic differential equations, under anisotropic Hölder smoothness constraints. Furthermore, we obtain a minimax lower bound on the L2-risk for pointwise estimation, with the same rate up to a log(T ) term. It implies that, on a class of diffusions whose invariant density belongs to the anisotropic Holder class we are considering, it is impossible to find an estimator with a rate of estimation faster than the one we propose.The author gratefully acknowledges financial support of ERC Consolidator Grant 815703 "STAMFORD: Statistical Methods for High Dimensional Diffusions"
Hiring entrepreneurs for innovation
No full textData de publicació electrònica: 27-08-2025Research Summary: What human capital do established organizations need to bring new ideas to market? Combining Danish registry and Community Innovation Survey data, we document a robust positive relationship between hiring former founders and firms' sales from innovation. Entrepreneurs join smaller, younger firms (which exhibit larger effects), managerial skills and external industry founding experience matter, while other selection or human capital-based explanations appear muted. Founder hires especially enhance innovation when given middle management decision rights, for incremental offerings, and in innovation-active firms. Our collective findings indicate startup experience equips founders with a generalist ability to acquire and mobilize resources around new ideas. By clarifying the nature of entrepreneurial human capital, we highlight a novel innovation input that helps firms unlock its commercial value. Managerial Summary: As entrepreneurial careers proliferate, former founders represent a growing pool of potential employees with expertise in bringing new products and services to market. Can hiring entrepreneurs help established organizations enhance innovation? Using data from Denmark, we answer this question affirmatively and offer several explanations. Former founders gravitate towards younger, smaller established firms, where effects are stronger; they also bring valuable managerial skills and external industry founding experience. Notably, they generate more value when given broader authority as middle managers, for less obvious resource combinations, firms already active in innovation or research and development, and higher uncertainty contexts. Taken together, our findings suggest former founders' distinct combination of skills helps firms marshal resources around new offerings.Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Spain), Grant/Award Number: AEIPID2019-109377GB-I00; Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Spain) - Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D, Grant/Award Number: BSE CEX2019-000915-
Feasibility and potential effect of a pilot blended digital behavior change intervention promoting sustainable diets over a year
No full textWell-designed effective interventions promoting sustainable diets are urgently needed to benefit both human and planetary health. This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and potential impact of a pilot blended digital intervention aimed at promoting sustainable diets. We conducted a series of ABA n-of-1 trials with baseline, intervention, and follow-up phases over the course of a year, involving twelve participants. The intervention included text messages, and individualized online feedback sessions. Quantitative data on diet composition was collected daily for 15 weeks distributed over the year. Qualitative data was collected through interviews at the end of each phase. Results showed high feasibility and acceptability: 100% retention rate, 75% attendance at all feedback sessions, and an average response rate of 86% to the dietary questionnaires. The intervention had a positive and significant effect on the overall diet composition. Specifically, 92% of the participants significantly increased their daily fruit and vegetable consumption, and 58% significantly reduced their intake of red and processed meat as well as ultra-processed foods. Participants also reported reducing food waste, choosing minimally packaged and in-season foods, and prioritizing fair-sourced food. The study demonstrates the potential of digital interventions to effectively promote sustainable dietary behaviors and offers insights for future large-scale implementations. Upcoming iterations should involve a more diverse population, particularly less motivated individuals and with more diverse socioeconomic status.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/41443.UF, JB and GC acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and State Research Agency through the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019–2023” program (CEX2018-000806-S) and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the Centres de Recerca de Catalunya program. UF has also been awarded with a Daniel Carasso postdoctoral fellowship (funded by Fundación Daniel y Nina Carasso), and GC with the grant RYC2021-033537-I, supported by MCIN/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. Funders has no role in the conceptualization, design, data collection, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript