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Máscaras y metamorfosis : el vínculo de Rostros Ocultos con la obra daliniana
No full textLa presente tesis supone el primer estudio monográfico de la novela Rostros ocultos de Salvador Dalí que parte de sus manuscritos y del material conservado referente a su creación, en su mayoría inédito. La investigación muestra cómo el proyecto fue paralelo al de su autobiografía, construyendo con ambas una imagen de sí mismo, su esposa y su relación para el público. Tras realizar un estudio comparado con su producción artística y literaria, demostramos su importante conexión con los grandes temas de la obra daliniana. Su eje vertebrador es el amor, articulado principalmente a través del cledalismo y puesto en relación con el contexto bélico que rodea la trama. En ella se plantea el amor como una metamorfosis que confronta con lo bello y lo terrible de uno mismo y del mundo, mostrando asimismo conexiones personales con relación a su mujer y con el poeta Federico García Lorca. En Rostros ocultos reflejó cómo para él la vida era una gran mascarada en la que se (con)fundían vida y arte.This thesis is the first monographic study of Salvador Dalí's novel Hidden Faces based on his manuscripts and the material preserved concerning his creation, most of it unpublished. The research shows how the project ran parallel to that of his autobiography, constructing with both an image of himself, his wife and their relationship for the public and, after carrying out a comparative study with his artistic and literary production, we demonstrate its important connection with the major themes of Dalí's work. Its core theme is love, articulated mainly through cledalism and placed in relation to the war context that surrounds the plot. In it, love is presented as a metamorphosis that confronts the beautiful and the terrible in oneself and in the world, also showing personal connections with his wife and with the poet Federico García Lorca. In Hidden Faces he showed how for him life was a great masquerade in which life and art were (con)fused.Programa de Doctorat en Humanitat
La comprobación de operaciones vinculadas en el impuesto sobre sociedades español: límites a la interpretación desde una perspectiva internacional, comunitaria y nacional
No full textEn este trabajo se aborda el estudio del régimen jurídico de las operaciones entre sociedades vinculadas y los precios de transferencia en el Derecho internacional tributario, el Derecho de la Unión Europea y el Derecho español para determinar los límites que deben considerarse en la interpretación y aplicación del art. 18 de la Ley 27/2014 (LIS). El trabajo contiene un estudio sobre la evolución del análisis de los precios de transferencia a nivel internacional, con atención particular en el examen de los intangibles por su estrecha relación con la construcción de las DPT OCDE, y como foco esencial del trabajo de los recientes cambios propuestos por el Plan BEPS. A nivel europeo y español, además de la revisión normativa, este trabajo contiene un análisis crítico de la jurisprudencia del TJUE, el TS y la AN en relación con el ALP y la comprobación de operaciones vinculadas, desde una perspectiva principalmente antiabuso.This work addresses the study of the legal regime of transactions between related companies and transfer pricing in international tax law, European Union law and Spanish law in order to determine the limits to be considered in the interpretation and application of art. 18 of Law 27/2014 (LIS). The work contains a study on the evolution of transfer pricing analysis at the international level, with particular attention on the examination of intangibles due to their close relationship with the construction of the OECD TPG, and as an essential focus of the work of the recent changes proposed by the BEPS Plan. At the European and Spanish level, in addition to the regulatory review, this work contains a critical analysis of the case law of the CJEU, the TS and the AN in relation to the ALP and the verification of related-party transactions, from a mainly anti-abuse perspective.Programa de doctorat en Dre
Developing, implementing and evaluating the MultiModal Narrative Intervention to enhance the narrative skills of children with typical development and neurodevelopmental disorders: A multimodal approach
No full textNarrative skills are considered a crucial milestone in children’s development and are regarded as both predictors and precursors of later linguistic skills, literacy, and social skills. Consequently, numerous educational and clinical interventions have been designed to foster children’s narrative development. Despite evidence suggesting a strong connection between multimodality, language, and cognition, few oral narrative interventions have systematically incorporated multimodality (i.e., story enactment) as a strategy to promote narrative learning in children with typical development (TD) and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). The overarching objective of this doctoral dissertation is to develop, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a multimodal narrative-based intervention for boosting the oral narrative abilities of children with TD and NDD. The key components of this nine-session intervention are its multimodal approach, its multitiered design, its naturalistic implementation by professionals, and its focus on both narrative macrostructure and perspective-taking. The present PhD thesis comprises five different studies revolving around the overarching aim of developing, implementing and evaluating the novel multi-tiered MultiModal Narrative (MMN) intervention program. The thesis follows an implementation science approach involving two intertwined evidence-based phases: a pre-implementation phase (Studies 1–3) to gather both scientific evidence and professional practice to develop and preliminarily evaluate the MMN intervention, and an implementation phase (Studies 4–5) to assess the MMN intervention’s effectiveness in a clinical and educational context. Within the pre-implementation phase, Study 1 demonstrated that multimodal skills, but not motor skills, were predictive of complex linguistic (narrative and pragmatics) skills in a cohort of 139 children with TD and NDD. Study 2 involved a co-creation participatory process with stakeholders that systematically analyzed the needs and practices of 93 teachers and speech-language therapists. This cocreation process served to develop the MMN intervention as a multitiered evidence-based intervention, bridging the gap between research and practice. Study 3 reported that the MMN intervention was deemed feasible by a group of 41 professionals and that, after conducting a pilot study with 51 children with TD and NDD, it was effective for boosting their oral narrative abilities. The implementation phase involved two intervention studies testing the effectiveness of the MMN intervention. Study 4 tested the MMN intervention in a clinical speech-language pathology context involving 50 children. The results showed that NDD children’s oral narrative skills improved significantly throughout and after the intervention period. Study 5 showed that the MMN intervention implemented in a classroom setting with 115 children was effective for boosting oral narrative skills, and that an overly active implementation of multimodality might have affected children’s concentration. Overall, the findings of the present thesis provide evidence of the robust effectiveness of the two tiers of the MMN intervention program for boosting children’s oral language. Thus the MMN intervention program constitutes the first evidence-based validated narrative intervention in the Catalan language. The thesis underscores the significance of integrating research evidence and professional practice in designing and implementing intervention programs, as this approach ensures that the intervention is tailored to the specific real-life implementation context and maximizes its impact and effectiveness. This PhD thesis has culminated in the creation of a digitalized version of the MMN intervention, accessible through the StoryTIC website that encompasses not only the intervention materials but also training resources for professionals. All in all, this PhD thesis has addressed current social challenges related to the improvement of oral language in young children and has contributed to the educational and clinical practices for children with typical development and neurodevelopmental disorders.Les habilitats narratives es consideren una fita crucial en el desenvolupament infantil i són considerades com a predictores i precursores d’habilitats lingüístiques posteriors, la lectoescriptura i les habilitats socials. És per això que s’han dissenyat diverses intervencions educatives i clíniques per fomentar el desenvolupament narratiu dels infants. Tot i les evidències que suggereixen una forta relació entre multimodalitat, llenguatge i cognició, hi ha poques intervencions narratives orals que hagin incorporat sistemàticament la multimodalitat (i.e., dramatització d’històries) com a eina per promoure l’aprenentatge del discurs narratiu oral en infants amb desenvolupament típic (DT) i infants amb trastorns del neurodesenvolupament (TND). L’objectiu general d’aquesta tesi doctoral és desenvolupar, aplicar i avaluar l’efectivitat d’una intervenció narrativa multimodal per millorar les habilitats narratives orals d’infants amb DT i TND. Els components centrals d’aquesta intervenció de nou sessions són el seu enfocament multimodal, el disseny multinivell, l’aplicació naturalista per part dels professionals i el focus tant en el treball de la macroestructura narrativa com en el de la presa de perspectiva narrativa. Aquesta tesi doctoral comprèn cinc estudis diferents que giren al voltant de l’objectiu general de desenvolupar, aplicar i avaluar el nou programa d’intervenció multinivell Narrativa MultiModal (NMM). La tesi ha adoptat els principis de la ciència de la implementació i inclou dues fases diferenciades: una fase de preimplementació (Estudis 1–3) per recopilar evidència científica i pràctica per desenvolupar i avaluar de manera preliminar la intervenció NMM, i una fase d’implementació (Estudis 4–5) per avaluar l’efectivitat de la intervenció MMN en un context clínic i educatiu. En la fase de preimplementació, l’Estudi 1 va demostrar que les habilitats multimodals, en contrast amb les habilitats purament motores, són predictives de les habilitats lingüístiques complexes (narrativa i pragmàtica) en una cohort de 139 infants amb DT i TND. L’Estudi 2 va implicar un procés participatiu de cocreació amb professionals, en el qual es van analitzar sistemàticament les necessitats i pràctiques habituals de 93 mestres i logopedes. Aquest procés de cocreació va servir per desenvolupar el programa d’intervenció NMM multinivell basat en l’evidència, és a dir, integrant la investigació i la pràctica. L’Estudi 3 va reportar que 41 professionals van avaluar la intervenció NMM com a factible i que, després de dur a terme un estudi pilot amb 51 infants amb DT i TND, la intervenció va ser efectiva per potenciar les habilitats narratives orals d’aquests infants. La fase d’implementació va incloure dos estudis d’intervenció que van avaluar l’efectivitat de la intervenció NMM en dos contextos. L’Estudi 4 va avaluar l’efectivitat de la intervenció NMM amb 50 infants en un context logopèdic. Els resultats van mostrar que les habilitats narratives orals dels infants amb TND van millorar significativament durant i després del període d’intervenció. L’Estudi 5 va demostrar que la intervenció NMM implementada en un entorn grupal d’educació infantil amb 115 infants va ser efectiva per potenciar les habilitats narratives orals i que una implementació massa activa de la multimodalitat podia haver afectat la concentració dels infants. En definitiva, els resultats d’aquesta tesi evidencien la forta efectivitat dels dos nivells del programa d’intervenció NMM per potenciar les habilitats discursives orals dels infants. Per això, el programa d’intervenció NMM és la primera intervenció narrativa basada en l’evidència i validada científicament en llengua catalana. La tesi emfasitza la importància d’integrar l’evidència científica i l’evidència pràctica en el disseny i implementació de programes d’intervenció, ja que aquest enfocament garanteix que la intervenció s’adapti al context específic d’implementació i maximitzi el seu impacte i efectivitat. Aquesta tesi doctoral ha culminat amb la creació d’una versió digitalitzada de la intervenció NMM, accessible a través del lloc web StoryTIC, que inclou no només els materials d’intervenció sinó també recursos de formació per a professionals. En definitiva, aquesta tesi doctoral ha abordat reptes socials actuals relacionats amb la millora del llenguatge oral en els infants i ha contribuït a la millora de les pràctiques educatives i clíniques per a infants amb desenvolupament típic i trastorns del neurodesenvolupament.Las habilidades narrativas se consideran un hito crucial en el desarrollo infantil y se ha demostrado que son predictoras y precursoras de las habilidades lingüísticas posteriores, la alfabetización y las habilidades sociales. Por esta razón, los estudios previos han diseñado diversas intervenciones educativas y clínicas para fomentar el desarrollo narrativo de los niños. A pesar de la evidencia que sugiere una fuerte relación entre multimodalidad, lenguaje y cognición, pocas intervenciones narrativas orales han incorporado sistemáticamente la multimodalidad (i.e., dramatización de historias) como estrategia para promover el aprendizaje del discurso narrativo oral en niños y niñas con desarrollo típico (DT) y con trastornos del neurodesarrollo (TND). El objetivo general de esta tesis doctoral es desarrollar, aplicar y evaluar la efectividad de una intervención narrativa multimodal para mejorar las habilidades narrativas orales de niños y niñas con DT y TND. Los componentes centrales de esta intervención de nueve sesiones son el enfoque multimodal, el diseño multinivel, la implementación naturalista por parte de profesionales y el enfoque tanto en el trabajo de la macroestructura narrativa como en el de la toma de perspectiva narrativa. Esta tesis doctoral comprende cinco estudios diferentes que giran en torno a su objetivo general de desarrollar, aplicar y evaluar el nuevo programa de intervención multinivel Narrativa MultiModal (NMM). La tesis sigue un enfoque de ciencia de la implementación que incluye dos fases diferenciadas: una fase de preimplementación (Estudios 1–3) para recopilar evidencia científica y práctica con el fin de desarrollar y evaluar de manera preliminar la intervención NMM, y una fase de implementación (Estudios 4–5) para evaluar la efectividad de la intervención NMM en un contexto clínico y educativo. Dentro de la fase de preimplementación, el Estudio 1 demostró que las habilidades multimodales, a diferencia de las habilidades motoras, son predictoras de habilidades lingüísticas complejas (narrativa y pragmática) en una cohorte de 139 niños y niñas con DT y TND. El Estudio 2 implicó un proceso participativo de cocreación con profesionales, en el cual se analizaron sistemáticamente las necesidades y prácticas habituales de 93 maestras y logopedas. Este proceso de cocreación sirvió para desarrollar el programa de intervención NMM multinivel basado en la evidencia, eso es, uniendo la investigación y la práctica. El Estudio 3 reportó que 41 profesionales evaluaron la intervención NMM como viable y que, tras realizar un estudio piloto con 51 niños y niñas con DT y TND, la intervención fue efectiva para mejorar sus habilidades narrativas orales. La fase de implementación incluyó dos estudios de intervención que evaluaron la efectividad de la intervención NMM en dos contextos. El Estudio 4 evaluó la efectividad de la intervención NMM con 50 niños y niñas en un contexto logopédico. Los resultados mostraron que las habilidades narrativas orales de los participantes con TND mejoraron significativamente durante y después del periodo de intervención. El Estudio 5 demostró que la intervención NMM implementada en un entorno grupal de educación infantil con 115 niños y niñas fue efectiva para mejorar las habilidades narrativas orales y que una implementación excesivamente activa de la multimodalidad podría haber afectado su concentración. En conclusión, los resultados de esta tesis evidencian la fuerte efectividad de los dos niveles del programa de intervención NMM para potenciar las habilidades discursivas orales infantiles. Por eso, el programa de intervención NMM es la primera intervención narrativa basada en la evidencia y validada científicamente en lengua catalana. La tesis destaca la importancia de integrar la evidencia científica y la evidencia práctica en el diseño e implementación de programas de intervención, ya que este enfoque asegura que la intervención se adapte al contexto específico de implementación y maximice su impacto y efectividad. Esta tesis doctoral ha culminado con la creación de una versión digitalizada de la intervención NMM, accesible a través del sitio web StoryTIC que incluye tanto los materiales de intervención como también recursos de formación para profesionales. En definitiva, esta tesis doctoral ha abordado los retos sociales actuales relacionados con la mejora del lenguaje oral infantil y ha contribuido en las prácticas educativas y clínicas para niños y niñas con desarrollo típico y trastornos del neurodesarrollo.Programa de Doctorat en Traducció i Ciències del Llenguatg
Is maternal diabetes during pregnancy associated with neurodevelopmental, cognitive and behavioural outcomes in children? Insights from individual participant data meta-analysis in ten birth cohorts
No full textBackground: Growing evidence shows that dysregulated metabolic intrauterine environments can affect offspring's neurodevelopment and behaviour. However, the results of individual cohort studies have been inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the association between maternal diabetes before pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with neurodevelopmental, cognitive and behavioural outcomes in children. Methods: Harmonised data from > 200 000 mother-child pairs across ten birth cohorts in Europe and Australia were available. Mother-child pairs were included for analysis to determine whether GDM was recorded (yes or no) and whether at least one neurodevelopmental, cognitive and behavioural outcome was available in children aged 3 to 13 years. Confounder-adjusted regression models were used to estimate associations between maternal diabetes and child outcomes using two-stage individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. Model 1 included a crude estimate. The full adjustment model (model 2) included adjustment for child sex, maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, pregnancy weight gain, maternal smoking during pregnancy, plurality, parity and maternal education. Results: Children (aged 7-10 years) born to mothers with GDM had higher attention-deficient hyperactive disorder (ADHD) symptoms compared to non-exposed controls (model 2, regression coefficient (β) 3.67 (95% CI 1.13, 6.20), P = 0.001). Moreover, children (aged 4-6 years) born to mothers with GDM exhibited more externalising problems than those born to mothers without GDM (model 2, β 2.77 (95% CI 0.52, 5.02), P = 0.01). A pre-existing maternal history of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with ADHD symptoms at 4-6 years (model 1, β 8.82 (95% CI 2.21, 15.45, P = 0.009) and β 7.90 (95% CI 0.82, 14.98, P = 0.02), respectively). The association was no longer apparent in further adjustments. Conclusions: This study found that children between 4 - 6 and 7-10 years of age born to mothers with GDM have a greater likelihood of developing externalising problems and ADHD symptoms, respectively. Externalising problems often co-exist with ADHD symptoms and precede formal ADHD diagnosis. Overall, this large-scale multi-cohort study suggested that a dysregulated metabolic environment during pregnancy may contribute to ADHD symptoms and externalising problems in young children.LifeCycle is a 5-year research project that is funded through the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement no. 733206). Cohort‐specific funding is provided in Supplementary Text 2
Heterogeneity and aggregate consumption: an empirical assessment
No full textWe provide an empirical assessment of a central implication of models with idiosyncratic income risk and incomplete markets: the existence of a role for the distribution of wealth in shaping the dynamics of aggregate consumption. Estimates of consumption Euler equation models extended to include wealth distribution statistics show the latter to have a negligible quantitative impact on aggregate consumption. This contrasts with the important role played by current disposable income, even when we use data for households with (relatively) high liquid wealth. The latter finding suggests the presence of a significant behavioral component behind the high sensitivity of consumption to current income
Addressing carbapenemase-producing extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: the potential of cefiderocol and ceftazidime/avibactam plus aztreonam therapy
No full textThis study evaluated the activity of cefiderocol and the combination of ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) plus aztreonam against carbapenemase-producing extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Nine clinical XDR P. aeruginosa isolates with different sequence types and class A (GES) or B (VIM, IMP or NDM) carbapenemases were analysed. Time-kill assays assessed bacterial load reduction for each treatment, while chemostat experiments on four isolates validated these findings. All isolates showed resistance to CZA, with four also resistant to aztreonam. Seven isolates were susceptible to cefiderocol, but two displayed borderline susceptibility (MIC 2-4 mg/L). Time-kill assays demonstrated bactericidal activity by cefiderocol in six isolates at 24 h, while CZA plus aztreonam showed bactericidal effects in three isolates and synergistic/additive effects in four isolates. In the chemostat model, cefiderocol and CZA plus aztreonam were bactericidal in all four tested isolates, with cefiderocol showing greater bacterial reduction in three of these isolates. Both cefiderocol and CZA plus aztreonam achieved significant reductions in bacterial counts compared to controls, but there was no significant difference between cefiderocol monotherapy and the combination. Both cefiderocol and CZA plus aztreonam demonstrated activity against XDR P. aeruginosa carrying metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) and/or serine-β-lactamase (SBL) carbapenemases. Cefiderocol was the only consistently effective monotherapy with a bactericidal effect across all tested isolates in the chemostat model
MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy in epilepsy: indications, technique and outcome in an adult population. A single-center data analysis
No full textBackground: Magnetic Resonance Imaging guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (MRIgLITT) is a promising treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and an alternative to open surgery. However, the relationship between clinical and radiological factors and postoperative outcomes is unclear. This study explores the indications, technical challenges, and outcomes of MRIgLITT in terms of seizure control and cognitive changes across various pathologies. Methods: A retrospective single-center analysis included 32 MRIgLITT procedures performed between January 2019 and December 2023. Procedures used the Visualase® system for laser ablation, with stereotactic robotic guidance for fiber placement. Data included demographics, clinical and surgical details (ablated volume, timing, power and accuracy), and postoperative follow-up assessed seizure outcomes and complications. Cognitive changes were analyzed using a Reliable Change Index (RCI) before and one year after the procedure. Results: The 32 procedures involved 28 patients with MRI-diagnosed pathologies: 14 hippocampal sclerosis (HS), 7 hypothalamic hamartoma (HH), 3 focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), 2 periventricular heterotopia (PVH), 1 tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), and 1 low-grade glioma. Some cases required multiple approaches. Postoperative follow-up averaged 33 months. Among HS patients, 71.42% achieved Engel I, and 21.43% Engel II. In HH, 85.7% initially became gelastic seizure-free, with complete freedom after additional treatment. Engel I outcomes were 28.6%, while 57.2% showed significant improvement (Engel I + II). FCD patients had a 66.6% Engel I success rate. One PVH patient became seizure-free, while the TSC patient was Engel III at last follow-up. RCI analysis showed that 71.44% of patients experienced cognitive stability (RCI > -1.64) or improvement (RCI > 1.64) at one-year post-procedure. Conclusions: MRIgLITT is a safe, minimally invasive alternative for epilepsy surgery, offering quicker recovery and showing better performance preserving cognitive function. It is particularly effective for deep or complex epileptic foci and patients who might refuse open surgery
Working for democracy: poll officers and the turnout gender gap
No full textSupplementary materials files: online appendix; replication data.What factors contribute to closing the turnout gender gap after female enfranchisement? In the wake of franchise expansion, we test whether being a poll officer-and hence being exposed to election management-boosted the politicisation and mobilisation of women. In the context of the Spanish Second Republic (1931-1939), we exploit a lottery that assigned recently enfranchised women to be poll officers in the first election women were allowed to vote (1933). We use an original individual-level panel database and show that women randomly selected as polling officers were as likely to participate in subsequent elections than men, while the gender turnout gap persisted among the rest. Further analyses suggest that being poll officers made women more receptive to political organisations mobilisation strategies, and their presence had positive externalities by encouraging other women to participate. Our findings highlight the potential benefits of exposure to election engineering among groups previously excluded or less engaged with democracy
Full protection of swine against foot-and-mouth disease by a bivalent B-cell epitope dendrimer peptide
No full textFoot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. We have reported (Cubillos et al., 2008) that a synthetic dendrimeric peptide consisting of four copies of a B-cell epitope [VP1(136-154)] linked through thioether bonds to a T-cell epitope [3A(21-35)] of FMDV [B4T(thi)] elicits potent B- and T-cell specific responses and confers solid protection in pigs to type C FMDV challenge. Herein we show that downsized versions of this peptide bearing two copies of a B-cell epitope from a type O isolate and using thioether [B2T(thi)] or maleimide [B2T(mal)] conjugation chemistries for their synthesis elicited in swine similar or higher B and T-cell specific responses than tetravalent B4T(thi). Moreover, while partial protection was observed in animals immunized with B4T(thi) (60%) and B2T(thi) (80%), B2T(mal) conferred full (100%) protection against FMDV challenge, associated to high levels of circulating IgG2 and mucosal IgGA, and entirely prevented virus shedding. Interestingly, B2T(mal) is also the most advantageous option in terms of synthetic practicality. Taken together, the results reported here point out to B2T(mal) as a highly valuable, cost-effective FMDV candidate vaccine.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grants SAF2011-24899, and AGL2014-52395-C2 to FS and DA; AGL2013-48923-C2 to EB), the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7, 2007-2013), Research Infrastructures action (NADIR), under the grant agreement No. FP7-228394 (to FS, DA, EB and AD), Comunidad de Madrid (S2013/ABI-2906-PLATESA to FS and EB) and Generalitat de Catalunya (2009SGR492 to DA). Work at Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" was supported by Fundación Ramón Areces
Estabilidad presupuestaria y sociedades mercantiles locales
No full textLas Administraciones locales pueden constituir sociedades mercantiles para prestar servicios públicos. En algunos casos, el déficit y la deuda de tales sociedades puede no computar a efectos de estabilidad presupuestaria. Para conseguir este resultado, denominado desconsolidación fiscal, en la sociedad deben concurrir los tres requisitos establecidos en el Sistema Europeo de Cuentas (SEC): 1) ser una unidad institucional; 2) ser una unidad controlada por el sector público; 3) ser una unidad institucional de mercado