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Ansiedad y depresión en estudiantes universitarios de la carrera de enfermería, Universidad de Los Andes, 2023 Anxiety and depression in university students of the nursing career, Universidad de Los Andes, 2023
Get PDFIntroduction: Anxiety and depression are common disorders that can have a negative impact on different aspects of life. Objective: to associate the levels of anxiety and depression in university students at the University of Los Andes, Mérida., Venezuela, 2023. Method: cross-sectional analytical observational study. Sample of 202 nursing students. Results: 78.2% female, age between 18 and 48 years, mean 22.82 ± 5.261 years, the highest percentage comes from the Libertador municipality itself (79.2%), academic semester 73.76% in the first four semesters; 52.97% of students work, 48.0% have a stable partner. In general, it was found that 81.2% of students have a probability of anxiety and 71.3% depression. Anxiety is associated with age (p=0.041) with higher percentages in the younger age groups, also with semester in progress (p=0.023) with higher percentages in the first four semesters. It was not determined that there is no association between the intervening variables and depression. A relationship was obtained between anxiety and depression (p<0.001), 93.1% of students with depression also presented anxiety, Cramer's V 0.478, OR 12.507. Conclusions: in the study it was determined that eight out of ten have a probability of anxiety and seven out of ten depressions. Statistical association of anxiety with age and semester was found. The close relationship between anxiety and depression was also evident, with a high magnitude that shows a high risk of suffering from both pathologies.DOI: https://doi.org/10.53766/GICOS/2024.09.02.09ResumenIntroducción: la ansiedad y la depresión son trastornos comunes que pueden tener un impacto negativo en diferentes aspectos de la vida. Objetivo: asociar los niveles de ansiedad y depresión en estudiantes universitarios de la Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela, 2023. Método: estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal. Muestra de 202 estudiantes de la carrera de enfermería. Resultados: 78,2% femenino, edad entre 18 y 48 años, media 22,82 ± 5,261 años, el mayor porcentaje proviene del mismo municipio Libertador (79,2%), semestre académico 73,76% en los primeros cuatro semestres; 52,97% de los estudiantes trabajan, 48,0% tienen pareja estable. De manera general se encontró que 81,2% de los estudiantes tienen probabilidad de ansiedad y 71,3% depresión. La ansiedad está asociada con la edad (p=0,041) con mayores porcentajes en los grupos con menores edades, también con el semestre que cursa (p=0,023) con porcentajes más altos en los primeros cuatro semestres. No se determinó que no existe asociación entre las variables intervinientes y la depresión. Se obtuvo relación entre la ansiedad y depresión (p<0,001), 93,1% de los estudiantes con depresión también presentaron ansiedad, V de Cramer 0,478, OR 12,507. Conclusiones: en el estudio se determinó que ocho de cada diez tienen probabilidad de ansiedad y siete de cada diez depresión. Se encontró asociación estadística de la ansiedad con la edad y semestre que cursa, también se evidenció la estrecha relación entre ansiedad y depresión, con una magnitud elevada que muestra un alto riesgo de padecer ambas patologías. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Anxiety and depression are common disorders that can have a negative impact on different aspects of life. Objective: to associate the levels of anxiety and depression in university students at the University of Los Andes, Mérida., Venezuela, 2023. Method: cross-sectional analytical observational study. Sample of 202 nursing students. Results: 78.2% female, age between 18 and 48 years, mean 22.82 ± 5.261 years, the highest percentage comes from the Libertador municipality itself (79.2%), academic semester 73.76% in the first four semesters; 52.97% of students work, 48.0% have a stable partner. In general, it was found that 81.2% of students have a probability of anxiety and 71.3% depression. Anxiety is associated with age (p=0.041) with higher percentages in the younger age groups, also with semester in progress (p=0.023) with higher percentages in the first four semesters. It was not determined that there is no association between the intervening variables and depression. A relationship was obtained between anxiety and depression (p<0.001), 93.1% of students with depression also presented anxiety, Cramer's V 0.478, OR 12.507. Conclusions: in the study it was determined that eight out of ten have a probability of anxiety and seven out of ten depressions. Statistical association of anxiety with age and semester was found. The close relationship between anxiety and depression was also evident, with a high magnitude that shows a high risk of suffering from both pathologies.Recibido: 20-03-2024Aprobado: 22-04-2024Publicado: 25-5-2024
Doppler transcraneal en neonatos con hidrocefalia como predictor de hipertensión endocraneal. Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes. Octubre 2022-julio 2023 Transcranial doppler in neonates with hydrocephalis as a predictor of endocranial hypertension. Autonomous Institute University Hospital of Los Andes. October 2022-july 2023
Get PDFIntroduction: neonates with hydrocephalus present increased intracranial pressure (ICP), which requires monitoring. Measuring ICP involves using invasive methods, which are expensive and impractical in daily clinical practice. Therefore, there are ways to assess ICP non-invasively, with ultrasonographic estimation of cerebral flow velocity and the indices that are constructed from them (pulsatility and resistance, among others). Objective: determine the sensitivity of transcranial Doppler as a predictor of intracranial hypertension in neonates with and without hydrocephalus in the Neonatology area of the Autonomous Institute University Hospital of Los Andes (IAHULA), October 2022-July 2023. Method: cross-sectional analytical study. Results: Ultrasonographic measurements in newborns with hydrocephalus may be of diagnostic utility. It was found that the pulsatility indices of the ACA and MCA were significantly associated with the previous diagnosis of hydrocephalus; while resistance indices were not; the values of the pulsatility indexes for the ACA were 1.43 ± 0.34 in the NB with a previous diagnosis of hydrocephalus and 1.03 ± 0.10 in the controls; while, for the MCA, they were 1.45 ± 0.49 and 1.04 ± 0.94; respectively. Conclusion: the results suggest that more than ventricular size, it is the changes in cerebral vascular hemodynamics that could be suitable as a predictor of ICH in neonatal hydrocephalus.Introducción: los neonatos con hidrocefalia presentan incremento de la presión intracraneal (PIC), la cual requiere ser monitoreada. La medición de la PIC implica usar métodos invasivos, que son costosos y poco prácticos en la clínica diaria. Por ello, existen formas de valorar la PIC en forma no invasiva, con la estimación ultrasonográfica de la velocidad del flujo cerebral y los índices que se construyen a partir de las mismas (pulsatilidad y resistencia, entre otros). Objetivo: determinar la sensibilidad del Doppler transcraneal como predictor de hipertensión intracraneal en neonatos con y sin hidrocefalia en el área de Neonatología del Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes (IAHULA), octubre 2022-julio 2023. Método: estudio analítico transversal. Resultados: las mediciones ultrasonográficas en RN con hidrocefalia pueden ser de utilidad diagnóstica. Se obtuvo que los índices de pulsatilidad de las ACA y ACM se asociaron en forma significativa con el diagnóstico previo de hidrocefalia; mientras que los índices de resistencia no lo estuvieron; siendo los valores de los índices de pulsatilidad para la ACA de 1,43 ± 0,34 en los RN con diagnóstico previo de hidrocefalia y 1,03 ± 0,10 en los controles; mientras que, para la ACM, fueron de 1,45 ± 0,49 y 1,04 ± 0,94; respectivamente. Conclusión: los resultados sugieren que más que el tamaño ventricular, son los cambios de la hemodinámica vascular cerebral, los que pudieran ser adecuados como predictor de HIC en hidrocefalia neonatal.Introduction: neonates with hydrocephalus present increased intracranial pressure (ICP), which requires monitoring. Measuring ICP involves using invasive methods, which are expensive and impractical in daily clinical practice. Therefore, there are ways to assess ICP non-invasively, with ultrasonographic estimation of cerebral flow velocity and the indices that are constructed from them (pulsatility and resistance, among others). Objective: determine the sensitivity of transcranial Doppler as a predictor of intracranial hypertension in neonates with and without hydrocephalus in the Neonatology area of the Autonomous Institute University Hospital of Los Andes (IAHULA), October 2022-July 2023. Method: cross-sectional analytical study. Results: Ultrasonographic measurements in newborns with hydrocephalus may be of diagnostic utility. It was found that the pulsatility indices of the ACA and MCA were significantly associated with the previous diagnosis of hydrocephalus; while resistance indices were not; the values of the pulsatility indexes for the ACA were 1.43 ± 0.34 in the NB with a previous diagnosis of hydrocephalus and 1.03 ± 0.10 in the controls; while, for the MCA, they were 1.45 ± 0.49 and 1.04 ± 0.94; respectively. Conclusion: the results suggest that more than ventricular size, it is the changes in cerebral vascular hemodynamics that could be suitable as a predictor of ICH in neonatal hydrocephalus.Recibido: 05-09-2024Aprobado: 10-10-2024Publicado: 01-11-202
Acciones gerenciales de prevención para la seguridad ante eventos socio naturales
Get PDFThe research conducted aimed to propose preventive managerial actions for safety against socio-natural events for students and teachers of an Educational Unit located in the Alberto Adriani municipality of Mérida state. This purpose derived a series of questions and objectives to be answered. To gather the information, a quantitative methodology was used, specifically the field work with the feasible project modality. A sample of 10 teachers and 40 students was worked out, to whom a questionnaire was applied, showing that most of the teachers do not develop preventive measures in their praxis, encouraging students to achieve the safety praxis, regarding socio-natural events. One of the relevant conclusions of this study is that teachers do not detail the vulnerabilities existing in the educational facilities and in the community. The aforementioned, supported by the bibliographic review carried out and the results obtained, allows to infer that it is pertinent to implement the proposal of preventive managerial actions for safety against socio-natural events. As a way to adopt proactive measures and comprehensive management of safety against socio-natural events, in order to protect the lives of students.La investigación realizada tuvo como finalidad, proponer acciones gerenciales de prevención para la seguridad ante eventos socio naturales en los estudiantes y docentes de una Unidad Educativa ubicada en el municipio Alberto Adriani del estado Mérida. Este propósito derivó una serie de interrogantes y objetivo a ser respondidos. Para obtener la información se utilizó la metodología cuantitativa, específicamente el trabajo de campo con la modalidad deproyecto factible, se trabajó con una muestra de 10 docentes y 40 estudiantes a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario evidenciándose, que en la mayoría de los docentes no desarrollan en su praxis medidas de prevención tendentes a lograr la seguridad de los estudiantes ante eventos socio naturales. Una de las conclusiones relevantes del estudio es que, los docentes, no detallan las vulnerabilidades existentes en las instalaciones educativas y en la comunidad; lo anteriormente descrito, apoyado en la revisión bibliográfica realizada y en los resultados obtenidos; permite inferir que es pertinente implementar la propuesta de acciones gerenciales de prevención para la seguridad ante eventos socio naturales,como una vía para adoptar medidas proactivas y una gestión integral de la seguridad ante eventos socio naturales, con el fin de proteger la vida de los estudiantes.Recibido: 14-02-2024Aceptado: 01-04-202
Ruta hacia la comprensión de la calidad de las herramientas de pruebas habilitadas con inteligencia artificial
Get PDFIn the context of software product development, the DevSecOps approach is considered an evolution of DevOps, emphasizing the importance of incorporating security at all stages of the software lifecycle, with a focus on automation and integration of this process. However, the complexity of this approach requires testing tools that not only ensure software quality but also meet security and efficiency needs. This work, which is an ongoing investigation, proposes a Domain Model using UML notation to understand and establish a solid foundation necessary for the subsequent formulation of a robust and operationalized quality estimation model, aimed at supporting the selection of testing tools in a DevSecOps context. Therefore, ISO 25010 and 25059 standards, the DevSecOps approach, and aspects related to the testing stage and its AI-enabled support tools were reviewed. This work highlights the need for a common terminology to facilitate collaboration and communication among stakeholders.En el contexto del desarrollo de productos de software, se considera al enfoque DevSecOps como una evolución de DevOps, el cual enfatiza la importancia de incorporar la seguridad en todas las etapas del ciclo de vida del software, haciendo énfasis en la automatización e integración de este proceso. Sin embargo, la complejidad de este enfoque exige herramientas de pruebas que no solo garanticen la calidad del software, sino que también se adapten a las necesidades de seguridad y eficiencia. Este trabajo, que es una investigación en progreso, propone un Modelo de Dominio utilizando la notación UML para comprender y establecer una base sólida, requerida para la posterior formulación de un modelo de estimación de la calidad robusto y operacionalizado, que apoye la selección de las herramientas de pruebas, en un contexto DevSecOps. Por lo tanto, se revisaron los estándares ISO 25010 y 25059, el enfoque DevSecOps y lo relacionado con la etapa de pruebas y sus herramientas de soporte habilitadas con IA. Este trabajo subraya la necesidad de una terminología común que facilite la colaboración y comunicación entre las partes interesadas.Recibido: 12-09-2024Aceptado: 19-10-202
O presente e a unidade da Geografia
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Análise geomorfológica de uma bacia hidrográfica utilizando drones e Google Earth para comparação em um sistema de informação geográfica (SIG)
No full textSe comparó geomorfológicamente una cuenca hidrográfica utilizando Google Earth y drones. Se realizaron veinte modelos digitales del terreno (MDT) de diez rutas en un área específica. Los MDT se representaron en un sistema de información geográfica (SIG) y se compararon utilizando el coeficiente de variación. Los resultados mostraron que los MDT generados con Google Earth tenían una menor variabilidad en comparación con los obtenidos con drones. Además, los drones generaron cuencas con áreas y perímetros más extensos que las realizadas por Google Earth. Las limitaciones de los drones fueron las condiciones climáticas y equipos complementarios, mientras que Google Earth tuvo limitaciones debido a la desactualización de las imágenes y a las alturas del terreno. A pesar de estas limitaciones, ambas herramientas son útiles para generar modelos digitales del terreno, con aplicaciones específicas según las necesidades del proyecto.A hydrographic basin was geomorphological compared using two tools: Google Earth and drones. Ten routes with different orientations were established in a specific area to obtain twenty digital terrain models (DTMs), ten generated by each tool. These models were represented in a Geographic Information System (GIS) to gain insight into the terrain relief of the studied area. Hydrographic basins were delineated, and their morphometric parameters were estimated, using the coefficient of variation as a measure of dispersion to compare the results obtained. The results indicate that the morphometric parameters calculated based on Google Earth show less variability compared to those obtained with drones. The basin generated by drones has a larger area and perimeter than the one delineated by Google Earth. Limitations of drone use are related to weather conditions, image processing software, and complementary equipment, whereas the limitations of Google Earth are associated with outdated and low-resolution images. Both tools serve the purpose of generating digital terrain models, but each has its particular limitations.Uma bacia hidrográfica foi comparada geomorfologicamente usando o Google Earth e drones. Foram criados 20 modelos digitais de terreno (DTMs) de dez rotas em uma área específica. Os DTMs foram plotados em um Sistema de Informações Geográficas (GIS) e comparados usando o coeficiente de variação. Os resultados mostraram que os DTMs gerados com o Google Earthtinham uma variabilidade menor em comparação com os obtidos com drones. Além disso, os drones geraram bacias hidrográficas com áreas e perímetros maiores do que os produzidos pelo Google Earth. As limitações dos drones foram as condições climáticas e os equipamentos complementares, enquanto o Google Earth teve limitações devido a imagens e alturas de terreno desatualizadas. Apesar dessas limitações, ambas as ferramentas são úteis para gerar modelos digitais de terreno, com aplicações específicas de acordo com as necessidades do projeto
Guiana Essequiba: bases históricas para uma reivindicação
No full textVenezuelan sovereignty over the Essequibo territory is based on geographical and historical facts. Venezuela, in the delimitation of its borders, has used in its favor documents such as the Royal Certificates that confirm its historical and geographical rights since colonial times. In this article, we will expose in a condensed way the historical reasons that justify the Venezuelan claim over the territory of Essequiba Guyana La soberanía venezolana sobre el territorio Esequibo se fundamenta en hechos geográficos e históricos. Venezuela, en la delimitación de sus fronteras, ha utilizado a su favor documentos como las Cédulas Reales que confirman sus derechos históricos y geográficos desde tiempos coloniales. En este artículo, expondremos de forma condensada las razones históricas que justifican la reivindicación venezolana sobre el territorio de la Guayana Esequiba. A soberania venezuelana sobre o território de Essequibo baseia-se em fatos geográficos e históricos. A Venezuela, na delimitação de suas fronteiras, usou a seu favor documentos como os Decretos Reais que confirmam seus direitos históricos e geográficos desde a época colonial. Neste artigo, apresentaremos de forma condensada as razões históricas que justificam a reivindicação da Venezuela sobre o território da Guiana Essequiba
Pesca e comercialização de polvo em Yucatán: um processo extrativista conduzido pela União Europeia?
No full texthttps://doi.org/10.53766/RGV/2024.64.2.06En 2018, México se posicionó como el segundo país del mundo en capturas de pulpo, siendo el estado de Yucatán el mayor productor del país. La investigación se interesa por develar si los mecanismos productivos del pulpo yucateco son extractivistas y por reconocer el papel que funge la Unión Europea en su posible desarrollo al ser su principal importador. Para ello se revisaron fuentes bibliográficas y hemerográficas, y se analizaron datos pesqueros oficiales. También se aplicaron dos tipos de cuestionarios semiestructurados en tres trabajos de campo: uno para pescadores y otro para responsables de plantas comercializadoras. Los resultados mostraron que en el sector pulpero del estado de Yucatán se emplean algunos mecanismos propios del extractivismo. Estos son impulsados por el peso del mercado internacional, especialmente la Unión Europea, que indirectamente fomenta dinámicas que vulneran las normas pesqueras y ambientales, propiciando tensiones y conflictos socioambientales.Recibido: enero, 2023 / Aceptado: mayo, 2023 htpps://doi.org/10.53766/RGV/2024.64.2.06In 2018, Mexico became the second country worldwide in octopus production, the state of Yucatan being the largest producer in the country. This research is focused on discovering whether the methods of harvesting Yucatan octopus are extractive and on recognizing the role that the European Union plays in its possible development as its main importer. For this, both bound references and periodical publications were reviewed, and official fisheries data were analyzed. Twotypes of questionnaires were administered in three field studies: one for fishermen and another for trading companies. The results show that some typical extractive mechanisms are used in the octopus fishery sector of the state of Yucatan. These are developed under the pressure of the international market, especially the European Union, which indirectly promotes dynamics thatviolate fishery and environmental regulations, causing tensions and socio-environmental conflicts. htpps://doi.org/10.53766/RGV/2024.64.2.06Em 2018, o México ficou em segundo lugar no mundo em capturas de polvo, sendo o estado de Yucatán o maior produtor do país. A pesquisa está interessada em revelar se os mecanismos produtivos do polvo de Yucatán são extrativistas e em reconhecer o papel desempenhado pela União Europeia em seu possível desenvolvimento como seu principal importador. Para isso, foram revisadas fontes bibliográficas e de jornais, e foram analisados dados oficiais de pesca. Dois tipos de questionários semiestruturados também foram aplicados em três trabalhos de campo: um para pescadores e outro para gerentes de estabelecimentos comercializadores. Os resultados mostraram que alguns mecanismos de extrativismo são empregados no setor de pesca de polvo no estado de Yucatán. Esses mecanismos são impulsionados pelo peso do mercado internacional, especialmente da União Europeia, que promove indiretamente dinâmicas que violam as normas pesqueiras e ambientais, levando a tensões e conflitos socioambientais.
