Revistas Científicas de la Universidad de Alicante
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Presentació del monogràfic. Els bestiaris medievals. Literatura i art al servei de la predicació
No full textPresentació del monogràfic. Els bestiaris medievals. Literatura i art al servei de la predicació
Una mirada femenina sobre la guerra civil española: A Valley of Betrayal (2007), de Tricia Goyer
No full textWar literature is a highly gendered genre, having historically been almost exclusively associated with men. This resulted in the exclusion of women writers from the canon of war literature. However, particularly since the two World Wars, women have been increasingly participating in and writing about war. An example of this relates to the Spanish Civil War (1936-39), a conflict that still sparks the interest of both Spanish and international, and both male and female authors in the 21st century. Within this context, this paper analyses, from a gender perspective, Tricia Goyer’s Spanish Civil War novel A Valley of Betrayal (2007). It explores the representation of the war that this novel offers, as seen through the eyes of an American woman, and how this perspective establishes a dialogue with 20th-century male-authored canonical texts. Consequently, this paper analyses the way in which Goyer’s novel offers a female and foreign gaze on the conflict. Through the concepts of authorship, ‘authoritative witness’ (Schweik), transduction (Doležel), and exoticism, this paper illustrates that the novel offers an authorised, plastic-artistic, and exoticising gaze on the Spanish Civil War. It discusses how the novel’s main female character transforms into an authoritative witness by testifying to her wartime experiences through painting, and how Goyer interacts with the plastic-artistic and literary canon in order to give her representation of the Spanish Civil War. The relevance of this study is twofold: on the one hand, by discussing Goyer’s little-studied work, it aims to contribute to the scholarship on Spanish Civil War literature written by women; on the other, it seeks to examine what characterises the female gaze on the war in her novel. In this way, then, this paper explores one of the many ways in which women write about the Spanish Civil War, and the extent to which Goyer establishes a dialogue with the male-authored literary and plastic-artistic tradition.La literatura bélica es una escritura altamente marcada por el género, ya que, a lo largo de la historia, vivir y escribir la guerra ha sido principalmente asociado con lo masculino. Como resultado, las escritoras fueron excluidas del canon de la literatura de guerra. Sin embargo, especialmente a partir de las Guerras Mundiales del siglo XX, las mujeres han participado y escrito cada vez más sobre la guerra. Un ejemplo de ello es la guerra civil española (1936-39), un conflicto que sigue despertando el interés de autores del siglo XXI, tanto autores españoles como internacionales, y tanto hombres como mujeres. En este contexto, el presente artículo analiza, desde una perspectiva de género, la novela A Valley of Betrayal (2007), de Tricia Goyer. Se estudia la representación de la guerra civil española que la novela ofrece a través de la mirada de una mujer estadounidense, y cómo esta perspectiva establece un diálogo con los textos canónicos del siglo XX de autoría masculina. Así pues, este trabajo pretende analizar la manera en que la novela de Goyer ofrece una mirada femenina y extranjera sobre el conflicto. A través de los conceptos de autoría, ‘testigo autorizado’ (Schweik), transducción (Doležel) y exotismo, este trabajo propone que la novela ofrece una mirada autorizada, plástico-artística y exotizante sobre la guerra. Se pretende ilustrar cómo la protagonista de la novela se transforma en una testigo autorizada por testimoniar sus experiencias a través de la pintura y cómo interactúa Goyer con los cánones plástico-artístico y literario para dar su representación de la guerra. La relevancia del presente trabajo es doble: por un lado, al comentar la obra poco estudiada de Goyer, este artículo pretende contribuir a los estudios sobre la literatura de la guerra civil española escrita por mujeres; por otro, pretende investigar cómo se caracteriza la mirada femenina sobre la guerra en esta novela. Así pues, este trabajo explora una de las numerosas formas en las que las mujeres escriben sobre la guerra civil y en la medida en que Goyer establece un diálogo con la tradición literaria y plástica-artística de autoría masculina
Masculinidades al desnudo. Una mirada desde el arte
No full textThis article presents the results of a research implemented in the Master’s Degree of Secondary Education Teacher Training (specialty of Geography and History) at the University of Valencia. It has been carried out from an activity completed by a total of 70 participants the academic years 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. In the research we show the results of two questions about a male nude, Imperial Nude (1977) by the British painter Sylvia Sleigh. This is a collective case study that is based on the survey method and has been carried out on the basis of quantitative descriptors and based on the establishment of coding and analysis categories. Its objective is trying to better understand the positioning of training teachers about different elements related to gender and their position regarding the feminist review of Art History and its didactics. The results show a disparate position regarding the gender of the participants. Male participants show greater interest when confronted with a male nude than when analyzing iconic female nudes or when they are asked to position themselves regarding to gender. It is more difficult for them to sexualize, visualize non-normative sexual identities or project alleged defects onto the model. They tend more than female participants to refer to roles and stereotypes and to move within the male – female binary. Likewise, they express a greater rejection of the representation of a naked man and seem to resort to codifications related to feminism and feminist post-structuralism only when what is questioned are hegemonic masculinities.Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación implementada en el Máster de Profesor/Profesora de Educación Secundaria (especialidad de Geografía e Historia) de la Universidad de Valencia. Está basada en una actividad realizada por un total de 70 estudiantes los cursos 2016-2017 y 2017-2018. Analiza los resultados de dos de las preguntas planteadas sobre la representación de un desnudo masculino, el Desnudo imperial (1977) de la pintora británica Sylvia Sleigh. Es un estudio colectivo de casos basado en el método de encuesta. Ha sido realizada sobre la base de descriptores cuantitativos y a partir del establecimiento de codificaciones y categorías de análisis. Su objeto es intentar conocer mejor el posicionamiento de los y las docentes en formación acerca de diferentes elementos relacionados con el género, con las masculinidades y con la revisión feminista de la Historia del Arte. Los resultados muestran una dispar postura frente al género de los y las participantes. Los participantes varones muestran un mayor interés al enfrentarse al desnudo masculino que a la hora de analizar desnudos femeninos icónicos o de posicionarse frente al género. Les resulta más difícil sexualizarlo, visualizar identidades sexuales no normativas o proyectar en el modelo supuestos defectos. Tienden más que las participantes femeninas a referirse a roles y estereotipos y a moverse dentro del binario hombre – mujer. Igualmente, expresan un mayor rechazo ante la representación de un hombre desnudo y parecen recurrir a las codificaciones relacionadas con el feminismo y el post-estructuralismo feminista tan sólo cuando lo que se cuestionan son las masculinidades hegemónicas
El principio de neutralidad estatal: una propuesta gradualista
No full textIn the legal-philosophical discussion, it is common to refer to the principle of state neutrality (hereinafter ‘PN’) as one of the various limits on legitimate state action. A principle that, in one form or another, has been reiterated by the high courts of various democracies. To this end, it is usually assumed that majorities must respect limits such as individual rights, the separation of powers, the rule of law, etc., and also the PN. However, the fact that the State must be neutral can mean many things: in its actions, in its results, in its justifications, in its areas of action, etc. What is the best understanding of the PN, if it really has to be one of the moral pillars of the liberal State? In the following pages we will address this question in three parts. In the first section we will expose and criticize the main interpretations of the PN: those focused on results, those focused on treatment, and those focused on justifications. In the second section we will succinctly review various justifications of the PN, regardless of which specific version of it is defended. And, in the third and final section, we will outline a proposal with which we try to account for the intuitions at play, but without incurring the problems that we have noticed in the most discussed proposals.En la discusión iusfilosófica es habitual hacer referencia al principio de neutralidad estatal (en adelante ‘PN’) como uno de los diversos límites a la actuación estatal legítima. Un principio que, en alguno u otra forma, ha sido reiterado por los altos tribunales de diversas democracias. Al efecto, suele asumirse que las mayorías deben respetar límites tales como los derechos individuales, la separación de poderes, el imperio de la ley etc., y también el PN. No obstante, que el Estado deba ser neutral puede querer decir muchas cosas: en sus acciones, en sus resultados, en sus justificaciones, en sus ámbitos de actuación, etc. ¿Cuál es la mejor comprensión del PN, si es que de verdad ha de ser uno de los pilares morales del Estado liberal? En las páginas que siguen abordaremos esta cuestión en tres partes. En la primera sección expondremos y criticaremos las principales interpretaciones del PN: las centradas en los resultados, las centradas en el trato, y las centradas en las justificaciones. En la segunda sección revisaremos de manera sucinta varias justificaciones del PN, con independencia de qué versión concreta del mismo se defienda. Y, en la tercera y última sección, esbozaremos una propuesta con la que intentar dar cuenta de las intuiciones en juego, pero sin incurrir en los problemas que habremos advertido en las propuestas más discutidas
O discurso emergente do antiproibicionismo: uma análise discursiva crítica da Carta de Princípios da Articulação Nacional de Marchas da Maconha
No full textAntiprohibitionism is the political field that opposes the prohibition of drugs and the profiling of their users.We understand drug prohibitionism as a form of domination of marginalized groups, especially in the Global South, and antiprohibitionism as an emerging discourse, coming from a cultural hibridism between dominant structures and insurgent practices and beliefs. The present article aims to analyse how antiprohibitionism defines and articulates itself, by critically analysing the discourse of “Carta de Princípios da Articulação Nacional de Marchas da Maconha”. Especifically, we analyse the use of persons of speech and verbal processes in that document as to understand how its authors identify themselves, represent their political ground and propose actions. We hope by that to help describing what is antiprohibitionism and to raise critical discourse awareness inside that field, thus helping to conciliate decolonial critique and the social struggles. The textual analysis showed an attempt of the social movement Articulação Nacional de Marchas da Maconha to estabilish itself publically as an anticapitalist movement and to associate itself to numerous antissistemic causes. The intertexual analysis showed as well the dialogue of the document with the Marijuana Marches and hybridization of the text as a product of an insurgent practice constrained by a capitalist structure. The emerging discourse is a way of resisting domination that rearticulates dominant and insurgent discourses as to create hybrid texts that materialize social tensions.O antiproibicionismo é o campo político que se opõe à proibição de drogas e à marginalização de seus usuários. Entendemos o proibicionismo de drogas como uma forma de dominação de populações marginalizadas, especialmente no Sul Global, por isso entendemos antiproibicionismo como discurso emergente, fruto de um hibridismo cultural entre estruturas hegemônicas e práticas e saberes anti-hegemônicos. O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar como se define e se organiza o campo político do antiproibicionismo, a partir da análise discursiva crítica da “Carta de Princípios da Articulação Nacional de Marchas da Maconha”. Particularmente, analisamos o uso de pessoas discursivas e processos verbais nesse documento como forma de compreender como seus autores se identificam, representam o campo político do antiproibicionismo e propõem ações. Esperamos com isso ajudar a caracterizar o que é antiproibicionismo e promover a consciência crítica do discurso dentro desse campo político, a fim de aliar a crítica decolonial e as lutas sociais. A análise do texto evidenciou uma tentativa da Articulação Nacional de Marchas da Maconha de se colocar publicamente como movimento anticapitalista e de se associar com lutas antissistêmicas diversas. A análise intertextual evidenciou também a interlocução da Carta com as Marchas da Maconha e a hibridização do texto enquanto produto de uma prática insurgente constrangida por uma estrutura social capitalista. O discurso emergente figura como uma forma de resistência à dominação que rearticula discursos hegemônicos e insurgentes de forma a criar textos híbridos que materializam as tensões sociais
Fuerzas de la palabra: el insulto y el discurso de odio
No full textThese reflections address the performativity of insults, within the senses J. Butler, S. Felman and J. Derrida contemplate when discussing and reformulating Austin’s theory of performativity. The insults analyzed are those which constitute «hate discourse» or «hate speech» which is difficult to elucidate. We deal with vocabulary made up of common nouns which we have named «figures of exclusion», that have contributed to the reproduction of socio-historical identities, while branding and reproducing the «Other» as inferior. The meaning of these terms is regulated as figurative language, as noted by Nietzsche in his critique on language. These are machista, racists, class-related and similar insults. Given its identitary function, this discourse in practice contributes without doubt to the reproduction of various forms of social exclusion, domination relations and other forms of violence. Therefore, the analysis and critique of such terms becomes important. It happens, however, that the effects produced by such discourse go beyond the production and reproduction of subordinate or subjected identities. We strive to examine some of these effects.Estas reflexiones se ocuparán de la performatividad del insulto, en el sentido en que J. Butler, S. Felman y J. Derrida discuten y reformulan la teoría austiniana de la performatividad. Los insultos que serán objeto de análisis son aquellos que constituyen el llamado «discurso de odio» o «hate speech», de difícil determinación. Se trata de cierto vocabulario compuesto por sustantivos comunes que hemos llamado «figuras de la exclusión»: términos que contribuyen a la reproducción de identidades socio-históricas a la vez que inventan y reproducen al «Otro»1 como inferior. El sentido de estos términos está regulado figurativamente, como advirtiera Nietzsche en su crítica del lenguaje. Se trata de insultos machistas, racistas, clasistas, etc. Por sus efectos identitarios, estas prácticas discursivas sin duda son una de las instancias que contribuyen a la reproducción de las exclusiones sociales, las relaciones de dominación y otras formas de violencia; de ahí la importancia de su análisis y crítica. Sucede, sin embargo, que los efectos de estas prácticas discursivas exceden la producción y reproducción de identidades subordinadas o sometidas. Intentaremos analizar algunos de estos efectos
Exponential Space as a Fifth Urban Figure: Toward a Phenomenological Actualisation of Françoise Choay\u27s Quadripartition
Get PDFThis article explores the evolving relationship between the human body, space, and architecture, tracing its intellectual roots and contemporary implications. Wittgenstein’s notion of reality as a “system of structured facts” (1922) frames the discussion, highlighting the interplay between physical facts and the structures that bind them. Drawing on Husserl’s phenomenology, the body is seen as central to shaping subjective and intercorporeal intentionality, rooted in aesthetic-sensual cognition and finitude (Formaggio, 1996). The study revisits pivotal architectural theories, from Scott’s emphasis on the “enclosed void” (1914) to Focillon’s exploration of internal and external masses in space (1934). Zevi and Moretti expand these ideas, linking interior space and the rupture of Renaissance spatiality, while Giedion connects Cubism and Einstein’s simultaneity to modern architectural perceptions.Contemporary insights from neuroscience, particularly Gallese’s “embodied simulation,” validate these historical intuitions, situating the human experience of architecture in sensory-motor mechanisms (Mallgrave, 2015). Modern challenges arise from “exponential technologies” (Kotler, 2012), necessitating a redefinition of corporeality and the dialogue between body, space, and hyper-technology. This paradigm shift calls for new theoretical categories to navigate and integrate the fragmented perceptual and expressive dimensions of today’s world
Anatomy of Experience: A Perspective through the Body-Space Interaction
Get PDFToday, the transformation of economy and politics into fundamental factors shaping social life, and the integration of technological advancements and the effects of globalization into every aspect of life, have made modern living a highly fragmented process. The hypothesis of the research is the fact that the disappearance of experience and the highly fragmented process in question tend to increase with digitalization. In this sense, the aim of the study is to deeply understand the concept of experience and discuss its disappearance through digitalization, which is effective today. The analysis was made in the context of the body-space relationship. Two main research questions are posed: “What are the values that constitute experience?”, “Can the disappearance of experience be analyzed in the context of the body-space relationship in the digitalizing world?” Initially, the components of experience were analyzed based on written data obtained from 29 students who took the “Body, Space, Experience” class at university. Five main components that make up the experience have been discovered: Establishing meaning, randomness, remembering, sense and feeling. Then, these discovered components were evaluated in the context of the evolving notions of body and space with digitalization. It was concluded that digitalization has the potential to expand how we interact the world, but it also poses a risk of altering the very essence of what it means to experience
A representação social sobre o surdo na mídia digital
No full textThe main objective of this paper is to find out which elements organize the social representation (SR) about the deaf within discourses constructed by the deaf community itself em digital media. To fulfill the purpose, we analyzed profiles, managed by deaf people, on diferente social networks: os Facebook and Instagram, namely Surdovisão and Isflocos. The research was guided by the Theory of Social Representations (TSR), developed by Moscovici (1978; 2003; 2015) and his main disciples, and by Sociocognitivist Discourse Analysis, especially in Van Dijk (1998; 2002; 2008; 2015; 2016). We verified that the texts, presente in this space, reveal a continuous struggle against the pernicious gaze of otherness, the hearing Community, and the claim of a positive representation about the deaf and about deafness.O objetivo primeiro do artigo é averiguar quais os elementos organizam a representação social (RS) sobre o surdo dentro de discursos construídos pela própria comunidade surda na mídia digital. Para cumprir o propósito, analisamos perfis, administrados por surdos, em diferentes redes sociais: no Facebook e no Instagram, a saber Surdovisão e Isflocos. A pesquisa foi orientada pela Teoria das Representações Sociais (TRS), desenvolvida por Moscovici (1978; 2003; 2015) e seus principais discípulos, e pela perspectiva Sóciocognitivista de Análise Crítica do Discurso, especialmente em Van Dijk (1998; 2002; 2008; 2015; 2016). Averiguamos que os textos, presentes nessa esfera, revelam uma luta contínua contra o olhar pernicioso da alteridade, a comunidade ouvinte, e a reivindicação de uma representação positiva sobre o surdo e sobre a surdez
La Asperilla de Bornos (Cambil, Jaén): un asentamiento rural andalusí registrado mediante teledetección y prospección de espacios productivos de montaña
No full textThis research approach the application of a systematic method of archaeological analysis that allows the detection of Andalusian sites linked to rural mountain areas: from a complete collection of information; remote sensing prior to the field trip; surface prospecting; data management in GIS; and the subsequent analysis and representation of the variables of interest. Specifically, we focus on remote sensing. This has been common practice in archaeology for decades. For the analysis of the Sierra de Mágina we are applying it as part of an interdisciplinary methodology in order to record new settlements and rural productive spaces. From there, we are trying to carry out a justified renewal of its traditional procedures by combining it with survey tasks. One of the case studies included in the same is the one we deal with in this article: the Asperilla de Bornos (Cambil, Jaén) which have given interesting indications that confirm the presence of a historical irrigation system linked to the Andalusian settlement (8th-12th century). Although some local researchers had already attested to the existence of archaeological material on the surfaces of some of these sites, it has been the combination of these methods which in some cases has confirmed previous information and recorded new unpublished occupation sites. In this way, we have been able to approach the rural settlement in a mountain context which has not been the subject of much academic study.En la presente investigación se aborda la aplicación de un método sistemático de análisis arqueológico que permite la detección de yacimientos andalusíes vinculados a espacios rurales de montaña: desde una recopilación completa de la información; la teledetección previa a la salida de campo; la prospección superficial; la administración de los datos en GIS; y el consecuente análisis y representación de las variables de interés. Concretamente incidimos en la teledetección. Esta es una práctica habitual desde hace décadas en la arqueología. Para el análisis de la Sierra de Mágina estamos aplicándola como parte de una metodología interdisciplinar con el fin de registrar nuevos asentamientos y espacios productivos rurales. A partir de ahí intentamos llevar a cabo una justificada renovación de sus procedimientos tradicionales mediante la combinación con tareas de prospección. Uno de los casos de estudio incluidos en la misma es el que tratamos en el presente artículo: el entorno de la Asperilla de Bornos (Cambil, Jaén). Estos han dado indicios interesantes que confirman la presencia de un sistema histórico de regadío vinculado al asentamiento andalusí (s. VIII-XII). Si bien algunos investigadores locales ya daban fe de la existencia de material arqueológico en las superficies de algunos de estos parajes, ha sido la combinación de dichos métodos la que ha avalado en algunos casos informaciones previas y registrado nuevos lugares de ocupación inéditos. De esta manera, hemos podido aproximarnos al poblamiento rural en un contexto de montaña que ha sido poco protagonista de estudios de interés académico