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Derivative neologisms as sociocultural dominants in the Russian and Czech languages of the modern period
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the analysis of word-formation neologisms in modern media speech from the point of view of their sociocultural characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic (on Russian and Czech internet speech). In derivational processes, socially significant, socalled key words play an important role, forming a special socio-cultural space, thereby becoming a kind of dominants in modern speech. Such lexemes give a life to a big quantity of derived units. So, neologisms with initial words reflecting the situation of a pandemic in 2020 in modern Russian and Czech society, clearly enough evidence of public attitudes - a negative assessment and rejection of what is happening and at the same time irony and a language game
Otázky neolitu a eneolitu. 39. ročník. Brno, 9.–11. 9. 2020 : Sborník abstraktů
No full textPublikace představuje soubor 40 abstraktů příspěvků, které jsou prezentovány na 39. ročníku konference Otázky neolitu a eneolitu. Příspěvky jsou rozděleny do čtyř tematických okruhů, které navazují na dlouhou badatelskou tradici ve středoevropském prostoru a reflektují nové potřeby a směřování archeologie. Samostatným tematickým blokem je studentská sekce, která představuje vhodnou platformu pro setkání nastupující generace s profesionály v oboru. Součástí sborníku jsou i zvané přednášky, které představují nové paradigmatické přístupy k interpretaci archeologických nálezů z období neolitu a eneolitu, a také diskusní příspěvky věnované v současnosti intenzivně diskutované problematice sídlištního odpadu. Diskusní sekce je ukončená postřehy nejzkušenějších badatelů a jejich vzkazem pro budoucí generaci archeologů.Presented publication is a collection of 40 abstracts of papers, which are conferred at the 39th annual meeting "Problems of the Neolithic and Eneolithic". The contributions are divided into four thematic blocks, which build on a long research tradition in Central Europe and reflect the new needs and directions of archaeology. Student session as a suitable platform for meeting with the next generation of archaeologists with professionals represents a separate block. The collection also includes invited lectures, which present new paradigmatic approaches to the interpretation of the archaeological record in the Neolithic and Eneolithic. The discussion session is devoted to currently intensively debated questions of settlement waste. This session concludes with memories of the most experienced researchers and their legacy for future generations of archaeologists
Beyond Judicial Compliance: Domestic Courts in the ECHR Regime
No full textThis chapter identifies the strategies domestic judges use when they engage with the Strasbourg case law, and analyzes when they use each strategy and with what aim, and how this shapes their relationship to the ECtHR. It discusses whether the Strasbourg Court actually makes a difference on the ground. Finally, it argues that the effectiveness of the Strasbourg system of human rights protection lies deeper than in mere compliance rates
What's next for the European coal heartland? Exploring the future of coal as presented in German, Polish and Czech press
Get PDFThis article addresses the future of coal in the European coal heartland, i.e. in the area of Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic, which together account for nearly 57% of coal consumption and 87% of coal-mining jobs in the EU. It approaches the problem within the interpretative tradition of social research and explores the coverage of the future of coal in major newspapers and political magazines in the three countries. The results show that despite similar material conditions, the issue is presented in a fundamentally different manner as the media tend follow the dominant energy policy paradigm in their countries: in Germany, they facilitate the phase-out policies; in Poland, they act as an inhibiting factor; while in the Czech Republic, their coverage echoes the political uncertainty around lignite mining in the northwest part of the country. The results also suggest that the media act mainly as a platform for the countries’ decision makers and energy policy stakeholders to voice their perspectives. The prevalent media coverage thus simultaneously enable and constrain policy options by promoting dominant discourses and preventing alternative views from surfacing
A Haloalkane Dehalogenase from Saccharomonospora viridis Strain DSM 43017, a Compost Bacterium with Unusual Catalytic Residues, Unique (S)-Enantiopreference, and High Thermostability
Get PDFHaloalkane dehalogenases can cleave a carbon-halogen bond in a broad range of halogenated aliphatic compounds. However, a highly conserved catalytic pentad composed of a nucleophile, a catalytic base, a catalytic acid, and two halide-stabilizing residues is required for their catalytic activity. Only a few family members, e.g., DsaA, DmxA, or DmrB, remain catalytically active while employing a single halide-stabilizing residue. Here, we describe a novel haloalkane dehalogenase, DsvA, from a mildly thermophilic bacterium, Saccharomonospora viridis strain DSM 43017, possessing one canonical halide-stabilizing tryptophan (W125). At the position of the second halide-stabilizing residue, DsvA contains the phenylalanine F165, which cannot stabilize the halogen anion released during the enzymatic reaction by a hydrogen bond. Based on the sequence and structural alignments, we identified a putative second halide-stabilizing tryptophan (W162) located on the same a-helix as F165, but on the opposite side of the active site. The potential involvement of this residue in DsvA catalysis was investigated by the construction and biochemical characterization of the three variants, DsvA01 (F165W), DsvA02 (W162F), and DsvA03 (W162F and F165W). Interestingly, DsvA exhibits a preference for the (S)- over the (R)-enantiomers of beta-bromoalkanes, which has not been reported before for any characterized haloalkane dehalogenase. Moreover, DsvA shows remarkable operational stability at elevated temperatures. The present study illustrates that protein sequences possessing an unconventional composition of catalytic residues represent a valuable source of novel biocatalysts. IMPORTANCE The present study describes a novel haloalkane dehalogenase, DsvA, originating from a mildly thermophilic bacterium, Saccharomonospora viridis strain DSM 43017. We report its high thermostability, remarkable operational stability at high temperatures, and an (S)-enantiopreference, which makes this enzyme an attractive biocatalyst for practical applications. Sequence analysis revealed that DsvA possesses an unusual composition of halide-stabilizing tryptophan residues in its active site. We constructed and biochemically characterized two single point mutants and one double point mutant and identified the noncanonical halide-stabilizing residue. Our study underlines the importance of searching for noncanonical catalytic residues in protein sequences
Exception for Text and Data Mining for the Purposes of Scientific Research in the Context of Libraries and Repositories
Get PDFThe Copyright Directive in the Digital Single Market aims to update copyright legislation to meet the needs of the information society. This paper will deal with its Articles 3 and 4, which introduce a mandatory exception to copyright and the sui generis database right, allowing text and data mining. Article 3 specifically serves the purposes of scientific research and Article 4 covers a general, albeit limited, exception. The first part of the paper will introduce this new institute and the context of its adoption. The second part will critically evaluate it and analyse its strengths and weaknesses. The third part will then cover the activities of libraries and repositories, including the context of public sector information publication
Contract Law in the Czech Republic
No full textThe book is a part of the encyclopaedia of law on contracts under the editorial project IEL outlining the system of contract law in the Czech Republic and reflecting the situation in the legislation by the end of August 2019.Kniha je součástí světové encyklopedie IEL, část Smlouvy; je věnována právu smluvních závazků v České republice podle stavu k srpnu 2019.The book is a part of the encyclopaedia of law on contracts under the editorial project IEL outlining the system of contract law in the Czech Republic and reflecting the situation in the legislation by the end of August 2019
Výjimky a omezení práva autorského: § 36
No full textKapitola interpretuje paragraf 36 autorského zákona, tj. omezení práva autorského k dílu soubornémuThe chapter provides for interpretation of sec. 36 of the Copyright Act, i.e. Limitation of Copyright in Aggregate Work
Symptomatická léčba osteoartrózy přípravek Piascledine 300
Get PDFOsteoartróza (OA) je způsobena zejména zánětlivými změnami, na něž nasedají změny strukturální. Komplexní terapie OA zahrnuje nefarmakologická opatření a farmakologické postupy, léčiva pro terapii OA lze dělit na čistě symptomatická a strukturu modifikující. K léčivům modifikujícím strukturu patří i komplexní směs nezmýdelnitých frakcí avokádového a sójového oleje (Avocado and Soybean Unsaponifiables, ASU), v České republice pod obchodním názvem Piascledine 300. Mechanismus účinku ASU není plně znám, roli pravděpodobně hrají fytosteroly (tj. beta sitosterol, kampesterol a stigmasterol) a izoflavony (tj. daidzein, genistin a glycetin), které mají protizánětlivý efekt, a to mimo jiné v důsledku inhibice metabolismu kyseliny arachidonové cestou cyklooxygenázy i lipoxygenázy. Komplex ASU dále zvyšuje produkci kolagenu chondrocyty a potlačuje destruktivní působení NO syntázy a metaloproteináz 3 a 13 na chondrocyty. Směs ASU tak prokazatelně příznivě zasahuje do anabolismu extracelulární matrix (zejména na úrovni kolagenu typu II a hlavního proteoglykanu extracelulární matrix, agrekanu) a zároveň redukuje katabolismus extracelulární matrix vlivem inhibice metaloproteináz.Osteoarthritis (OA) is caused by inflammatory changes that are followed by structural changes. Complex therapy of OA includes nonpharmacological and pharmacological approaches. The medicinal products for treatment can be divided into symptomatic and structure modifying. A complex mixture of unsaponifiable fractions of avocado and soybean oil (Avocado and Soybean Unsaponifiables, ASU) is a part of structure modifying medical products, marketed as Piascledine 300 in the Czech Republic. The mechanism of action of ASU is not entirely known; phytosterols (i.e., beta sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol) and isoflavones (i.e., daidzein, genistein and glycetine) with anti inflammatory effect play a role, also as a result of the inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism through cyklooxygenase and lipoxidase. Furthermore, ASU complex increases the production of collagen by chondrocytes and limits the destructive properties of NO synthase and metalloproteinase 3 and 13 on chondrocytes. Evidently, ASU mixture favourably influences the anabolism of extracellular matrix (especially on the level of collagen II and the main proteoglykan of extracellular matrix aggrecan). At the same time, it reduces the catabolism of extracellular matrix by inhibiting metalloproteases
