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Delegation and coordination with multiple threshold public goods: experimental evidence
Get PDFWhen multiple charities, social programs and community projects simultaneously vie for funding, donors risk mis-coordinating their contributions leading to an inefficient distribution of funding across projects. Community chests and other intermediary organizations facilitate coordination among donors and reduce such risks. To study this, we extend a threshold public goods framework to allow donors to contribute through an intermediary rather than directly to the public goods. Through a series of experiments, we show that the presence of an intermediary increases public good success and subjects’ earnings only when the intermediary is formally committed to direct donations to socially beneficial goods. Without such a restriction, the presence of an intermediary has a negative impact, complicating the donation environment, decreasing contributions and public good success.When multiple charities, social programs and community projects simultaneously vie for funding, donors risk mis-coordinating their contributions leading to an inefficient distribution of funding across projects. Community chests and other intermediary organizations facilitate coordination among donors and reduce such risks. To study this, we extend a threshold public goods framework to allow donors to contribute through an intermediary rather than directly to the public goods. Through a series of experiments, we show that the presence of an intermediary increases public good success and subjects’ earnings only when the intermediary is formally committed to direct donations to socially beneficial goods. Without such a restriction, the presence of an intermediary has a negative impact, complicating the donation environment, decreasing contributions and public good success
Decision Support for Mission-Centric Network Security Management
Get PDFIn this paper, we propose a decision support process that is designed to help network and security operators in understanding the complexity of a current security situation and decision making concerning ongoing cyber-attacks and threats. The process focuses on enterprise missions and uses a graph-based mission decomposition model that captures the missions, underlying hosts and services in the network, and functional and security requirements between them. Knowing the vulnerabilities and attacker’s position in the network, the process employs logical attack graphs and Bayesian network to infer the probability of the disruption of the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the missions. Based on the probabilities of disruptions, the process suggests the most resilient mission configuration that would withstand the current security situation
Thinking of Russia : Finnish Neutrality after the Cold War and the Influence of Russian Neighborhood on Finnish Cooperation with NATO
Get PDFIn recent years, Finland has closely cooperated with NATO and Finnish politicians emphasize that Finland may consider joining the Alliance at any point. However, this step is unlikely in the foreseeable future. Russia’s aggressive actions abroad disconcert Finland; as this article shows, even after Russia’s war with Georgia and the breakout of the crisis in Ukraine, the situation is not deemed serious enough by the Finns for them to risk a serious deterioration of relations with their eastern neighbor. Rather than crossing the interests of Moscow, whose perception of the world Finland has been able uniquely to understand thanks to its historical experience, the country opts for a more complex, yet also safer, path of balancing between ever-closer cooperation with NATO, and maintaining the status of a non-member country
InterCorp: viele Sprachen - ein Korpus (Ein multilinguales Parallelkorpus (nicht nur) europäischer Sprachen)
Get PDFPoster-Präsentation: InterCorp Version 12Poster: InterCorp v12Poster presentation: InterCorp v1
How Does a Student-Centered Course on Communication and Professional Skills Impact Students in the Long Run?
Get PDFThis Full Paper in the Research-To-Practice Category presents a long-term study about the effects of a student-centered course on communication and professional skills on students’ thoughts, attitudes, and behavior. The course is offered at a European university as part of a computer science master's program. This paper shares the design and challenges of a longitudinal study that reaches ten years behind and employs a mixed-methods approach. Besides presenting and interpreting the findings, we shed light on which features tend to stay on students’ minds and impact their way of being and acting in society. Moreover, we suggest implications for the design and practice in comparable courses to maximize constructive, sustainable effects, such as improved active listening, presentation skills, and openness to other perspectives. These are essential (not only) for computer science professionals. Our findings suggest that the course provided significant learning for the vast majority of respondents, including aspects such as presenting while keeping the other side in mind, managing one’s stress, and becoming less shy to speak up. All in all, we aim to contribute an evidence-based source of motivation for instructors in technically focused curricula who hold a student-centered stance
A Comparative Study of primary school teachers’ attitudes and opinions towards inclusive education in the South Moravian Region and Split-Dalmatian County
No full textThe research is focused on teachers‘ approaches, opinions, and visions concerning inclusive education in the South Moravian Region and the Split-Dalmatian County. Further to that, it analyses the degree of Inclusion in these areas. The relationship of pedagogues towards Inclusion, due to a steep increase of specific disorders, is extremely important. The research was made in the year when the inclusive education bill was passed in the Czech Republic. Data was collected in the first school year when schools in Czech Republic functioned as inclusive. Data collection took place in Split- Dalmatian county in 2016 and the South Moravian Region in 2017. The research is qualitative, an open-question questionnaire was made, and a non-structured interview was made when visiting schools. We set the following hypotheses. We assume that teachers of selected schools of the Split-Dalmatia County evaluate Inclusion more negatively than teachers of selected primary schools in the South Moravian Region. This hypothesis is not confirmed. We expect that Inclusion will take place in selected elementary schools in the South Moravian Region more than in selected elementary schools in Split-Dalmatia County. This hypothesis is not confirmed. This research is based on the methodology and data from the diploma thesis of Nikola Stračárová 2017
Jak přemýšlejí děti při řešení matematických úloh?
Get PDFJaké kognitivní funkce děti používají při řešení matematických úloh? Jak souvisí schopnost řešit matematické problémy se schopností řešit problémy logické, sémantické, vizuální a jiné? Jaké strategie volí úspěšní a neúspěšní řešitelé? Tyto otázky lze zodpovědět z různých perspektiv. V tomto příspěvku se pokusím nastínit několik možných pohledů na povahu pozorovaného matematického výkonu a na to, proč jsou někteří lidé při řešení matematických úloh úspěšnější než jiný. Popíšu pohled na matematické schopnosti z hlediska teorie inteligence, z neuropsychologického hlediska, a rovněž i z pohledu jiných faktorů, kam lze zařadit motivaci, styl práce, osobnostní charakteristiky či metakognitivní dovednosti. Většinu argumentů formuluji na základě teoretických východisek, využiji však i poznatky z vlastního výzkumu. Konkrétně jde o koncept „kognitivních prerekvizit“ a dále pak o studium stylu řešení matematických problémů souvisejícího s interní motivací dítěte, konkrétně „tendencí alespoň se pokusit vyřešit obtížné úlohy“ v kontrastu k tendenci je „přeskočit“. Ukážu, jak tato tendence souvisí se schopností vyřešit úlohy úspěšně, a jak ji ovlivňuje osoba učitele.What cognitive functions do children use in solving mathematical problems? How can the ability to solve mathematical issues relate to solving logical, semantic, visual, and other problems? What strategies do successful and unsuccessful solvers choose? These questions can be answered from different perspectives. In this paper, I will try to outline several possible views on the nature of observed mathematical performance and why some people are more successful in solving mathematical problems than others. I will describe the view of mathematical abilities in terms of intelligence theory, neuropsychological, and other factors, which can include motivation, work style, personality characteristics, or metacognitive skills. I formulate most of the arguments based on the theoretical background, but I will also use my research results. Specifically, it is the concept of "cognitive prerequisites" and the study of the style of solving mathematical problems related to the internal motivation of the child, precisely "the tendency to at least try to solve difficult problems" in contrast to the tendency to "skip". I will show how this tendency is related to solving tasks successfully and how the teacher influences it
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Statistical Methods along the Asian Highway, Bhutan
Get PDFIn areas prone to frequent landslides, the use of landslide susceptibility maps can greatly aid in the decision-making process of the socio-economic development plans of the area. Landslide susceptibility maps are generally developed using statistical methods and geographic information systems. In the present study, landslide susceptibility along road corridors was considered, since the anthropogenic impacts along a road in a mountainous country remain uniform and are mainly due to road construction. Therefore, we generated landslide susceptibility maps along 80.9 km of the Asian Highway (AH48) in Bhutan using the information value, weight of evidence, and logistic regression methods. These methods have been used independently by some researchers to produce landslide susceptibility maps, but no comparative analysis of these methods with a focus on road corridors is available. The factors contributing to landslides considered in the study are land cover, lithology, elevation, proximity to roads, drainage, and fault lines, aspect, and slope angle. The validation of the method performance was carried out by using the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic on training and control samples. The area under the curve values of the control samples were 0.883, 0.882, and 0.88 for the information value, weight of evidence, and logistic regression models, respectively, which indicates that all models were capable of producing reliable landslide susceptibility maps. In addition, when overlaid on the generated landslide susceptibility maps, 89.3%, 85.6%, and 72.2% of the control landslide samples were found to be in higher-susceptibility areas for the information value, weight of evidence, and logistic regression methods, respectively. From these findings, we conclude that the information value method has a better predictive performance than the other methods used in the present study. The landslide susceptibility maps produced in the study could be useful to road engineers in planning landslide prevention and mitigation works along the highway
Odkaz Inocence Arnošta Bláhy v kontextu meziválečného modernismu
Get PDFVýznam tvůrčího odkazu I. A. Bláhy doceníme, zasadíme-li ho do trojího duchovně-historického rámce: (1) modernistického nádechu duchovní atmosféry meziválečného Brna, (2) modernistické vrstvy v základech nového československého státu a (3) základních souřadnic meziválečného modernistického hnutí obecně. Představíme-li tento kontext ve vzájemné komunikaci všech tří domén, ukáže se nám nejen historický dosah Bláhova díla, nýbrž také kulturní matrice, na níž pomáhal ustavit základy nové disciplíny.The legacy of I. A. Bláha – one of the founding fathers of Czechoslovak sociology – displays a unique significance when inserted in a three-layered historical context: (1) the modernist fleur of interwar Brno, (2) the modernist layer in the foundations of the new Czechoslovak state, and (3) the basic principles of cultural modernism in general. This perspective makes it possible to fully appreciate Bláha’s intellectual input in promoting sociology as a viable scientific discipline. And it also sheds light upon the cultural matrix in which the discipline found its firm intellectual footing