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The Direct and Indirect Effects of Online Social Support, Neuroticism, and Web Content Internalization on the Drive for Thinness among Women Visiting Health-Oriented Websites
Get PDFOne of the debates about media usage is the potential harmful effect that it has on body image and related eating disturbances because of its representations of the “ideal body”. This study focuses on the drive for thinness among the visitors of various health-oriented websites and online platforms because neither has yet been sufficiently studied in this context. Specifically, this study aims to bring more insight to the risk factors which can increase the drive for thinness in the users of these websites. We tested the presumption that web content internalization is a key factor in this process, and we considered the effects of selected individual factors, specifically the perceived online social support and neuroticism. We utilized survey data from 445 Czech women (aged 18–29, M = 23.5, SD = 3.1) who visited nutrition, weight loss, and exercise websites. The results showed a positive indirect link between both perceived online social support and neuroticism to the drive for thinness via web content internalization. The results are discussed with regard to the dual role of online support as both risk and protective factor. Moreover, we consider the practical implications for eating behavior and weight-related problems with regard to prevention and intervention
Incumbents’ Strategies in Media Coverage : A Case of the Czech Coal Policy
Get PDFTransitioning to a decarbonized economy is a crucial part of climate change mitigation, with the phasing-out of coal, as the most significant source of carbon dioxide emissions, being the centerpiece of this effort. In the European context, the increasing pressures exerted especially on the basis of the European Union’s energy and climate policy, coupled with the inherent uncertainty of the transition process, encourage various struggles among the involved policy actors over the setting of specific transition pathways. One site of such contestation is media discourse, which may facilitate or limit policy change through agenda-setting, framing, and other processes. Importantly, discursive struggles also include industry incumbents, who have a vested interest in preserving the existing sociotechnical regime. This article focuses on the position of incumbents in terms of their relationship with governing political parties and the discursive strategies they employ. It explores the policy debate on coal mining expansion which took place in 2015 in the Czech Republic, a post-communist country with a coal-dependent economy, a skeptical position on energy transition, and a powerful energy industry. The research employs discourse network analysis to examine a corpus compiled from daily newspapers and applies block modeling techniques to analyze patterns of relationships within and between actor groups. The results show that incumbents successfully prevented policy change in the direction of rapid coal phase-out by exploiting discourse alignment with governing parties and efficiently employing discursive strategies based primarily on securitization of socioeconomic issues
Termination of non-coding transcription in yeast relies on both an RNA Pol II CTD interaction domain and a CTD-mimicking region in Sen1
Get PDFPervasive transcription is a widespread phenomenon leading to the production of a plethora of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) without apparent function. Pervasive transcription poses a threat to proper gene expression that needs to be controlled. In yeast, the highly conserved helicase Sen1 restricts pervasive transcription by inducing termination of non-coding transcription. However, the mechanisms underlying the specific function of Sen1 at ncRNAs are poorly understood. Here, we identify a motif in an intrinsically disordered region of Sen1 that mimics the phosphorylated carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II, and structurally characterize its recognition by the CTD-interacting domain of Nrd1, an RNA-binding protein that binds specific sequences in ncRNAs. In addition, we show that Sen1-dependent termination strictly requires CTD recognition by the N-terminal domain of Sen1. We provide evidence that the Sen1-CTD interaction does not promote initial Sen1 recruitment, but rather enhances Sen1 capacity to induce the release of paused RNAPII from the DNA. Our results shed light on the network of protein-protein interactions that control termination of non-coding transcription by Sen1
The regulation and function of CD20: an "enigma" of B-cell biology and targeted therapy
Get PDFThe introduction of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab, ofatumumab, or obinutuzumab improved the therapy of Bcell malignancies even though the precise physiological role and regulation of CD20 remains unclear. Furthermore, CD20 expression is highly variable between different B-cell malignancies, patients with the same malignancy, and even between intraclonal subpopulations in an individual patient. Several epigenetic (EZH2, HDAC1/2, HDAC1/4, HDAC6, complex Sin3A-HDAC1) and transcription factors ( USF, OCT1/2, PU.1, PiP, ELK1, ETS1, SP1, NF.B, FOXO1, CREM, SMAD2/3) regulating CD20 expression (encoded by MS4A1) have been characterized. CD20 is induced in the context of microenvironmental interactions by CXCR4/SDF1 (CXCL12) chemokine signaling and the molecular function of CD20 has been linked to the signaling propensity of B-cell receptor (BCR). CD20 has also been shown to interact with multiple other surface proteins on B cells (such as CD40, MHCII, CD53, CD81, CD82, and CBP). Current efforts to combine anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies with BCR signaling inhibitors targeting BTK or PI3K (ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, idelalisib, duvelisib) or BH3-mimetics (venetoclax) lead to the necessity to better understand both the mechanisms of regulation and the biological functions of CD20. This is underscored by the observation that CD20 is decreased in response to the "BCR inhibitor" ibrutinib which largely prevents its successful combination with rituximab. Several small molecules ( such as histone deacetylase inhibitors, DNA methyl-transferase inhibitors, aurora kinase A/B inhibitors, farnesyltransferase inhibitors, FOXO1 inhibitors, and bryostatin-1) are being tested to upregulate cellsurface CD20 levels and increase the efficacy of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Herein, we review the current understanding of CD20 function, and the mechanisms of its regulation in normal and malignant B cells, highlighting the therapeutic implications
Keramický signální "cášský" roh ze Židlochovic
No full textNálezy keramických signálních rohů jsou dobře známy z rozsáhlé oblasti západní Evropy a již tradičně jsou spojovány s poutěmi do Porýní. Z našeho území jsou prozatím evidovány pouze čtyři nálezy tohoto typu. Příspěvek je věnován nově objevenému exempláři, který byl získán při záchranném archeologickém výzkumu na zámku v Židlochovicích v roce 2018.Nálezy keramických signálních rohů jsou dobře známy z rozsáhlé oblasti západní Evropy a již tradičně jsou spojovány s poutěmi do Porýní. Z našeho území jsou prozatím evidovány pouze čtyři nálezy tohoto typu. Příspěvek je věnován nově objevenému exempláři, který byl získán při záchranném archeologickém výzkumu na zámku v Židlochovicích v roce 2018.The finds of ceramic signal horns are well known from the vast territory of Western Europe and are traditionally connected with pilgrimages to the Rhineland. From our country we currently know only four artefacts of this type. The article pays attention to a new find, which was acquired during a 2018 archaeological rescue excavation in the Židlochovice Chateau
Modelling the Renewable Transition : scenarios and pathways for a decarbonized future using pymedeas, a new open-source energy systems model
Get PDFThis paper reviews different approaches to modelling the energy transition towards a zero carbon economy. It identifies a number of limitations in current approaches such as a lack of consideration of out-of-equilibrium situations (like an energy transition) and non-linear feedbacks. To tackle those issues, the new open source integrated assessment model pymedeas is introduced, which allows the exploration of the design and planning of appropriate strategies and policies for decarbonizing the energy sector at World and EU level. The main novelty of the new open-source model is that it addresses the energy transition by considering biophysical limits, availability of raw materials, and climate change impacts. This paper showcases the model capabilities through several simulation experiments to explore alternative pathways for the renewable transition. In the selected scenarios of this work scenarios of this work, future shortage of 1 fossil fuels is found to be the most influential factor of the simulations system evolution. Changes in efficiency and climate change damages are also important determinants influencing model outcomes
Relationship of the results from fitness test and points for performance in alpine skiing of the Czech national team of U14 and U16 categories in the season 2018/2019
No full textThe main motivation for the research is a verification of applicability of the fitness test as a predictor for specific alpine skiing performance of the Czech national team of U14 and U16 categories. We want to verify if the results from the fitness test correspond with points for the performance in alpine skiing disciplines (slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom). In total, 42 men and women (U14 and U16 categories), members of the Czech national team, participated in the research. Participants were grouped by gender (women n=21, age 14.23 (+/- 1.04), men n = 21, age 14.19 (+/- 1.07)). Fitness test consisted of six individual tests and was used as a tool to examine the level of motor abilities (jumping over the Swedish bench, shuttle run 4 x 10m, standing long jump, hurdles agility run - boomerang test, twist test, 20m shuttle run - beep test). Points for the performance in alpine skiing show the best result from a single competition transferred to the points. In our research we were looking for relationship between the points from three different disciplines (slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom) and the results from the fitness test. In the men category we found high correlation (at the significance level of p < 0.05) between super giant slalom and standing long jump (r = -0.73; r(2) = 0.53), between super giant slalom and boomerang test (r = 0.62, r(2) = 0.38) and between super giant slalom and shuttle run 4 x 10m (r = 0.61, r(2) = 0.37). Small correlation was found between slalom and box jump test (r = - 0.31, r(2) = 0.1), between slalom and twist test (r = -0.33, r(2) = 0.11) and between super giant slalom and twist test (r = -0.34, r(2) = 0.12). In women category we did not found high correlation (at the significance level of p. 0.05). Small correlation was found between slalom and box jump (r = -0.31, r(2) = 0.1), between giant slalom and twist test (r = 0.01, r(2) = 0.0001), between super giant slalom and standing long jump (r = -0.03, r(2) = 0.0009) and between slalom and shuttle run 4 x 10m (r = -0.05, r(2) = 0.0025). Twist test had very small correlation in both men and women categories. We can say that it is not relevant for prediction of alpine skiing performance. Based on different significance of correlations between men and women (super giant slalom and standing long jump; slalom/super giant slalom and shuttle run 4 x 10m) it might be necessary to adjust fitness testing as a predictor of alpine skiing performance according to a gender
Shoda pedagogické nominace a skupinového testu inteligence při skríningu intelektového nadání – sonda do problematiky
Get PDFCílem studie je provést sondu do procesu skríningu intelektového nadání žáků v běžné základní škole. Předmětem této sondy je srovnat dva typy postupů pro identifikaci potenciálně intelektově nadaných žáků – nominace pedagogů (včetně seřazení žáků dle míry domnělého nadání) a výsledků skupinově administrovaného testu fluidní inteligence (CFT 20-R). Současně byla zhodnocena délka praxe pedagogů jakožto faktoru, který může ovlivňovat souvislost nominace učitele a výsledků inteligenčního testu. Výzkumu se zúčastnilo 6 třídních učitelů vybrané základní školy, kteří posuzovali celkem 106 žáků ze čtvrtých a pátých tříd. Míra shody mezi oběma postupy je spíše nízká a není ovlivněna délkou praxe zapojených pedagogů. Byl však nalezen slabý vztah mezi pořadím vybraných žáků stanoveným pedagogem v rámci nominace a fluidní inteligencí měřenou testem. Tato z jištění a jejich možné příčiny jsou diskutovány společně s doporučeními pro další směřování v rámci identifikace nadaných dětí a s ním souvisejícím vzděláváním pedagogů.The aim of this pilot study was to describe the process of screening children for intellectual giftedness in a Czech school. The main topic of this study was to compare two procedures for identifying gifted pupils: teacher nomination (including the ranking of children by their assumed level of giftedness) and the results of a groupadministered fluid intelligence test (CFT 20-R). In addition, the length of the teachers' experience was considered as a factor that might influence the relationship between teacher nominations and CFT 20-R results. The sample consisted of 6 form teachers from a selected primary school who evaluated 106 pupils from the 4th and 5th grades. The level of agreement between the two procedures was quite low and was not influenced by the length of experience in our sample of teachers. However, our study found a weak relationship between the teachers' ranking of nominated pupils and the pupils' fluid intelligence as measured by the test. The discussion section of this paper examines these findings and gives possible recommendations for future directions regarding the identification of giftedness and related training of teachers
Veränderungen in der sprachlichen Raumkonstruktion/Ortsherstellung im Terrorismusdiskurs
Get PDFDie Posterpräsentation gibt einen Überblick über die Methodik der Dissertation des Autors zu den Auswirkungen des Terrorismus auf den Prozess der sprachlichen Raumkonstruktion. Der Autor beschreibt die Diskurslinguistik als eine Methode der Analyse von Medientexten, die sich mit dem Thema der Terroranschläge in Deutschland befassen. Darüber hinaus konzentriert sich der Autor auf die Kriterien für den Aufbau eines repräsentativen Korpus und auf die Struktur der Analyse.The poster presentation reviews the methodology of the author's upcoming dissertation on the effects of terrorism on the linguistic place-making process. The author describes discourse linguistics as a method of analyzing a corpus that consists of media texts dealing with the topic of the recent terrorist attacks in Germany. Additionally, the author focuses on the criteria of building a representative corpus and on the structure of the analysis
Cross-National Associations Among Cyberbullying Victimization, Self-Esteem, and Internet Addiction : Direct and Indirect Effects of Alexithymia
Get PDFThe relationship among cyberbullying victimization, lower self-esteem, and internet addiction has been well-established. Yet, little research exists that explains the nature of these associations, and no previous work has considered the inability to identify or describe one's emotions, namely, alexithymia, as a potential mediator of these links. The present study sought to investigate the indirect effects of cyberbullying victimization on self-esteem and internet addiction, mediated by alexithymia. The sample consisted of 1,442 participants between 12 and 17 years (M-age= 14.17,SD= 1.38, 51.5% male) from Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States. Results showed a direct relationship between cyberbullying victimization and self-esteem and an indirect association mediated by alexithymia in the Dutch sample. However, in the German and U.S. samples, only an indirect relationship via alexithymia, but not a direct effect of cyberbullying victimization on self-esteem, was found. Consistent across the three country samples, cyberbullying victimization and internet addiction were directly and also indirectly associated via alexithymia. In sum, findings indicate that alexithymia might help better understand which detrimental effects cyberbullying victimization has on adolescent psychological health. Thus, cyberbullying prevention programs should consider implementing elements that educate adolescents on the ability to identify and describe their own emotions