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Strážci Země : Vztah mezi výukovými strategiemi a vzdělávacími dopady programu
No full textThe study focuses on the relationship between selected characteristics of the outdoor environmental (earth) education program Earthkeepers and its impacts on students' environmental values and knowledge. It is rooted in the authors' previous research that is being both applied and reflected here. For providing empirical evidence, it uses data collected by the environmental center Lipka that implemented the program in the Czech Republic in 2020-2021 (N=80). The program successfully influenced students' environmental values and understanding based on the analyses. Students described the programs' instructional strategies as highly encouraging, experiential, empowering, and straightforward. At the same time, student descriptions of the program correlated with the environmental values they held before the program; students who viewed the program more positively also tended to be more positively influenced by the program. Implications for the practice of outdoor environmental education are also discussed.Článek se zaměřuje na analýzu vztahu mezi vybranými vlastnostmi outdoorového programu environmentální výchovy Strážci Země a jeho dopadem na environmentální hodnoty a znalosti studentů. Studie vychází z předchozích výzkumných šetření autorského týmu, které jsou zde reflektovány a aplikovány. Data byla v letech 2020-2021 (N=80) shromážděna školským zařízením Lipka, které program nabízí. Na základě analýzy lze říct, že program úspěšně ovlivňuje environmentální hodnoty studentů a jejich environmentální porozumění. Studenti reflektovali výukové strategie použité v programu jako vysoce podporující, zkušenostní a srozumitelné. To, jakým způsobem studenti program hodnotili, současně koreluje s environmentálními hodnotami, které měli již před programem; studenti, kteří vnímali program pozitivněji byli také programem více ovlivněni. Studie dále diskutuje důsledky svých zjištění pro praxi outdoorové environmentální výchovy
A social network perspective on formation of peer relationships in Czech lower-secondary classrooms
Full text linkPeer relationships in lower-secondary classrooms play a crucial part in students' academic and personal lives. This study uses social network analysis to investigate aspects influencing formation of both likeability and antipathy ties between students in Czech lower-secondary schools, with a special focus on the role on socioeconomic status. Data and research design employing exponential random graph models (ERGMs) allow researchers to explore roles of SES, gender, and several other structural network variables simultaneously. Using cross-sectional data from 435 students in 21 classrooms, this study suggests that high-SES students tend to receive more likeability ties and less antipathy ties compared to others. The overall results do not suggest a tendency of students to give preference to same-SES peers, however, SES homophily was found significant in 2 of the 21 sample classrooms. Additionally, this study confirms the effects of gender homophily, mutuality, transitivity, and preferential attachment on formation of peer relationships. The effects of SES seem to be related to the effect of mutuality, with networks with high mutuality effect not influenced by the effects of SES
Hodnoty denzity očnej šošovky u pacientov s diabetom 1. typu a u nediabetických pacientov
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Preventing Cheating in Hands-on Lab Assignments
Full text linkNetworking, operating systems, and cybersecurity skills are exercised best in an authentic environment. Students work with real systems and tools in a lab environment and complete assigned tasks. Since all students typically receive the same assignment, they can consult their approach and progress with an instructor, a tutoring system, or their peers. They may also search for information on the Internet. Having the same assignment for all students in class is standard practice efficient for learning and developing skills. However, it is prone to cheating when used in a summative assessment such as graded homework, a mid-term test, or a final exam. Students can easily share and submit correct answers without completing the assignment. In this paper, we discuss methods for automatic problem generation for hands-on tasks completed in a computer lab environment. Using this approach, each student receives personalized tasks. We developed software for generating and submitting these personalized tasks and conducted a case study. The software was used for creating and grading a homework assignment in an introductory security course enrolled by 207 students. The software revealed seven cases of suspicious submissions, which may constitute cheating. In addition, students and instructors welcomed the personalized assignments. Instructors commented that this approach scales well for large classes. Students rarely encountered issues while running their personalized lab environment. Finally, we have released the open-source software to enable other educators to use it in their courses and learning environments
Prospective longitudinal study of early childhood caries and developmental defects of enamel on permanent successors in children in the Czech Republic
Full text linkAim: This study investigates the influence of early childhood caries (ECC) on the occurence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) on permanent teeth. Methods: Study design: This prospective original study was conducted to monitor the relationship between ECC in primary dentition and DDE as their consequences on permanent successors. One hundred and forty children were recruited and included in the study group with diagnosed ECC (ECCG) (N=60) or the control group (CG) (N=80). Deciduous upper central incisors were assessed for existing dental caries according to the dmft index and the modified pufa score and permanent incisors were examined using the modified DDE index. Results: Prevalence of DDE was 19.3% in the whole sample; in ECCG it was 24.2% and 12.6% in CG. The most common defect was diffuse opacity with a prevalence of 44.8% in ECCG and 72% in CG. Prevalence of hypoplasia was 13.8% in ECCG, in CG it was present as a combination defect with a prevalence of 4%. The extent of less than 1/3 of labial aspect was in 69% of defects in ECCG, in CG it was 52%. The location of defects in the incisal third was 48.3% in ECCG and 32% in controls. Conclusion: A statistically significant relationship between ECC and DDE was not observed. The results were compared with studies about the relationship between ECC and DDE
The role of ethnicity in the perception of pork barrel politics : Evidence from a survey experiment in Slovakia
Full text linkIn divided societies and new democracies, clientelism (in the form of pork barrel) and ethno-politics appear to go hand in hand. It is apparent that politicians are incentivized to compete for support within their own ethnic groups, but does an ethnic link between voters and decision-makers influence how voters perceive and evaluate pork barrel practices? To address this question, we conducted a survey experiment (n=1200) in ethnically heterogeneous Slovakia. The aim was to examine whether pork barrel politics implemented by a Slovak decision-maker and a Hungarian decision-maker are evaluated differently by Slovaks and Hungarians. The findings suggest that when individuals and decision-makers share the same ethnicity, individuals tend to maintain an equally positive level of trust and willingness to vote for the responsible decision-maker, even when the decision-maker implements a policy decision that does not benefit them. Nonetheless, shared ethnicity does not prevent individuals from being critical of the implemented policy decision itself
Enhancing Situational Awareness for Tutors of Cybersecurity Capture the Flag Games
Full text linkSupervised Capture the Flag games represent a popular method of practical hands-on training in cybersecurity education. However, as cybersecurity training sessions are process-oriented, tutors have only a limited insight into what trainees are doing and how they deal with the tasks. From their perspective, it is necessary to have situational awareness, enabling them to identify and react to any issues during a training session as soon as they emerge. We propose a tool designed in collaboration with cybersecurity educators. Based on user requirements, we developed the Progress Visualization Tool, which provides educators with timely feedback through the session. More specifically, the tool informs educators of the training progression, helps identify the students who might struggle with their tasks, and reveals overall deviation from the schedule. We validated the tool through formative and summative qualitative in-lab evaluations. The participants appraised the impact on the training workflow and gave further insights regarding the tool. We discuss the insights and recommendations that arose from the evaluations as they could aid the design of future tools for supporting educators, not only of CTFs but also in other domains.Supervised Capture the Flag games represent a popular method of practical hands-on training in cybersecurity education. However, as cybersecurity training sessions are process-oriented, tutors have only a limited insight into what trainees are doing and how they deal with the tasks. From their perspective, it is necessary to have situational awareness, enabling them to identify and react to any issues during a training session as soon as they emerge. We propose a tool designed in collaboration with cybersecurity educators. Based on user requirements, we developed the Progress Visualization Tool, which provides educators with timely feedback through the session. More specifically, the tool informs educators of the training progression, helps identify the students who might struggle with their tasks, and reveals overall deviation from the schedule. We validated the tool through formative and summative qualitative in-lab evaluations. The participants appraised the impact on the training workflow and gave further insights regarding the tool. We discuss the insights and recommendations that arose from the evaluations as they could aid the design of future tools for supporting educators, not only of CTFs but also in other domains
Geo‑Cultural Aspects of Building Stone Extracted Within Brno City (Czech Republic): a Bridge Between Natural and Cultural Heritage
Full text linkBuilding stone, its deposits, its extraction, and its use represents an element that may be considered a bridge between cultural and natural heritage of a given area. The research on building materials includes numerous aspects such as geological and geomorphological settings of the deposits, cultural aspects, overlaps with geoconservation efforts and urban geotourism development. The case study from Brno (Czech Republic) presents examples of building stones used in the city with an emphasis on Crinoidea Limestone and Old Red Conglomerate and Sandstone. These materials have been extracted since Middle Ages and they have left an imprint in the identity and look of the city. Both extraction sites and building stones present several mutually interconnected aspects, including the specifics of the deposits, history of mining, use of the stone in architecture, its importance within archaeological and historical research, its reflection in toponyms, the importance of old quarries (landforms) for geoconservation and their role in urban development. Based on the research and assessment of extraction sites, geotourist and geoeducational activities are designed with an emphasis on the complex promotion of natural and cultural heritage. Proposals for the activities which could be available even during the times of social distancing are also outlined.Building stone, its deposits, its extraction, and its use represents an element that may be considered a bridge between cultural and natural heritage of a given area. The research on building materials includes numerous aspects such as geological and geomorphological settings of the deposits, cultural aspects, overlaps with geoconservation efforts and urban geotourism development. The case study from Brno (Czech Republic) presents examples of building stones used in the city with an emphasis on Crinoidea Limestone and Old Red Conglomerate and Sandstone. These materials have been extracted since Middle Ages and they have left an imprint in the identity and look of the city. Both extraction sites and building stones present several mutually interconnected aspects, including the specifics of the deposits, history of mining, use of the stone in architecture, its importance within archaeological and historical research, its reflection in toponyms, the importance of old quarries (landforms) for geoconservation and their role in urban development. Based on the research and assessment of extraction sites, geotourist and geoeducational activities are designed with an emphasis on the complex promotion of natural and cultural heritage. Proposals for the activities which could be available even during the times of social distancing are also outlined