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Transfer of Early to Late Adolescents’ Attachment Figures in a Multicohort Six-Wave Study : Person- and Variable-Oriented Approaches
Full text linkAlthough Bowlby proposed that adolescence is a major developmental period to transfer their attachment figures from parents to other people, no comprehensive longitudinal study on attachment transfer from early to late adolescence exists. This study employed 215 early to late adolescents between ages 11 and 18 years (X---age = 14.02, SD = 2.05 at Wave 1), using a six-wave 2-year longitudinal design with four different cohorts: 5th, 7th, 9th, and 11th grades. Both person- and variable-oriented analyses revealed that once adolescents have transferred their attachment figures from parents to peers, they were unlikely to revert to parents in the future. The transfer of attachment from parents to friends is more prevalent in early adolescence than in late adolescence. However, throughout adolescence, friends were not considered to be exclusive attachment figures, whereas parents and romantic partners were. Finally, many adolescents spent 4 months or fewer until their romantic partner became the primary attachment figure
Development and Testing of Thrombolytics in Stroke
Full text linkDespite recent advances in recanalization therapy, mechanical thrombectomy will never be a treatment for every ischemic stroke because access to mechanical thrombectomy is still limited in many countries. Moreover, many ischemic strokes are caused by occlusion of cerebral arteries that cannot be reached by intra-arterial catheters. Reperfusion using thrombolytic agents will therefore remain an important therapy for hyperacute ischemic stroke. However, thrombolytic drugs have shown limited efficacy and notable hemorrhagic complication rates, leaving room for improvement. A comprehensive understanding of basic and clinical research pipelines as well as the current status of thrombolytic therapy will help facilitate the development of new thrombolytics. Compared with alteplase, an ideal thrombolytic agent is expected to provide faster reperfusion in more patients; prevent re-occlusions; have higher fibrin specificity for selective activation of clot-bound plasminogen to decrease bleeding complications; be retained in the blood for a longer time to minimize dosage and allow administration as a single bolus; be more resistant to inhibitors; and be less antigenic for repetitive usage. Here, we review the currently available thrombolytics, strategies for the development of new clot-dissolving substances, and the assessment of thrombolytic efficacies in vitro and in vivo
Language and Culture as a guarantees of multipolar and more tolerant future: the strategic, political, diplomatic and economic value of the Portuguese language, Embassy of Portugal in Prague. World Day of Portuguese Language.
No full textConferência sobre a língua portuguesa, sua natureza policêntrica e sobre o seu valor cultural.Konference o portugalském jazyce, jeho polycentrické povaze a kulturní hodnotě.Conference on the Portuguese language, its polycentric nature and cultural value
Searching for a more valid form of parental rating scales of preschoolers’ intellectual giftedness – development and validation of the Preschooler’s Ability Rating Scale (PARS)
Full text linkObjectives. The aim of this study was to develop a new parental rating scale for identification of intellectually gifted preschoolers (4 to 6 years of age). This new scale, the Preschooler’s Ability Rating Scale (PARS), consists of two parts – PARS-PRE, which follows the principle of precocity and inquires about the age at which giftedness-relevant behavior appeared for the first time; and PARS-CUR, which focuses on the current level of abilities. Participants and setting. In total, 263 Czech mothers and 90 children participated in the main study. Hypotheses. PARS will have a two-dimensional structure corresponding to its two parts. Both parts will significantly correlate with scores on the Woodcock-Johnson: International edition II (WJ IE II COG). Statistical analysis. 1. Item analysis; 2. Exploratory factor analysis; 3. Correlational analyses with WJ IE II COG; 4. ROC analysis to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity. Results. Factor analysis suggests a three-factor structure – two of the factors correspond to the scale’s original parts, and the third factor reflects early reading and counting (4 items from the precocity part). The diagnostic accuracy of the first two factors is similarly low (rPRE = .33, rCUR = .25), but substantially higher for the early reading/counting factor (rLIT = .52). Additionally, parental ratings are, in general, based more on children’s verbal abilities than their nonverbal abilities. Given the low criterial validity, the authors do not recommend utilizing the PARS scale in practical setting, however, the conclusions are useful for further development of similarly-minded scales. Study limitations. Only 90 children were administered the WJ IE II COG – the small sample size affects the precision of parameter estimates. The parentsʼ sample consists only of mothers
“It was not as bad as I thought it would be”: politeness strategies in students' self-reflection journals
Full text linkThe paper is based on an analysis of a self-compiled corpus of 150 self-reflection journals written by students of an EAP course focused on presentation skills. In these journals, students reflect upon and evaluate several talks of various genres they have given throughout the term. They assess the entire process, i.e. preparing for the talks as well as the delivery, paying a special attention to their own emotions (both positive and negative ones). Having to describe their own accomplishments imposes multiple threats to their face – the teacher wants them to succeed and hence they should explain and illustrate how they have improved; however, at the same time, by expressing self-praise, which is often seen as boastfulness, they violate the Modesty Maxim as defined by Leech (1983). Moreover, another threat is caused by the fact they should also describe their weaknesses, not only strengths. To overcome these threats, students employ various positive and negative politeness strategies, such as joking, self-deprecation, hedging or attributing their success to a mere luck. Finally, the author would like to show how her students try to overcome the threat also by attending to the positive face of others, i.e. the teacher and their classmates, perhaps to prove that they themselves cannot claim the full credit for their progress
Barokní sochařství Josefa Sudka - sochy a fotografie mezi uměním, technologií a pamětí
Full text linkPřednáška vznikla pro 11. ročník sympozia Buchlovský Sciurus 2021, které se konalo 1. října na hradě Buchlov. Příspěvek se věnoval problematice dokumentačního souboru fotografií Josefa Sudka s přesahem k baroknímu sochařství, konkrétně dřevěným plastikám
Birth weight rather than birth length is associated with childhood behavioural problems in a Czech ELSPAC cohort
Full text linkMany physical and psychological characteristics are influenced by prenatal development. Some studies have located links between low birth parameters and behavioural problems, with the latter in turn associated with educational progress, career success, overall health, and subsequent life events. However, few studies have investigated whether this association also applies to children in the normal birth growth range. This study thus investigates the relationship between normal-range birth length, weight, and behavioural problems at the age of seven. We use data from the Czech part of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC) cohort, which provides comprehensive insight into a post-communist country undergoing a period of economic transition. Childhood behavioural problems were measured in 1,796 children using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Associations were modelled using weighted logistic regression. Birth weight was found to be linked to the total difficulties score, hyperactivity, and peer relationship problems subscales in a fully adjusted model while birth length was not significantly associated with any subscale in the fully adjusted model. We thus conclude that normal-range birth weight is associated with behavioural problems. It can therefore be assumed that the odds of behavioural problems and their consequences can be mitigated by preventive programs targeting pregnant women and children with lower but still normal weight
Towards a Data-Driven Recommender System for Handling Ransomware and Similar Incidents
Full text linkEffective triage is of utmost importance for cybersecurity incident response, namely in handling ransomware or similar incidents in which the attacker may use self-propagating worms, infected files, or email attachments to spread malware. If a device is infected, it is vital to know which other devices can be infected too or are immediately threatened. The number and heterogeneity of devices in today's network complicate situational awareness of incident handlers, and, thus, we propose a recommender system that uses network monitoring data to prioritize devices in the network based on their similarity and proximity to an already infected device. The system enumerates devices in close proximity in terms of physical and logical network topology and sorts them by their similarity given by the similarity of their behavioral profile, fingerprint, or common history. The incident handlers can use the recommendation to promptly prevent malware from spreading or trace the attacker's lateral movement
Two classes of functional connectivity in dynamical processes in networks
Full text linkThe relationship between network structure and dynamics is one of the most extensively investigated problems in the theory of complex systems of recent years. Understanding this relationship is of relevance to a range of disciplines—from neuroscience to geomorphology. A major strategy of investigating this relationship is the quantitative comparison of a representation of network architecture (structural connectivity, SC) with a (network) representation of the dynamics (functional connectivity, FC). Here, we show that one can distinguish two classes of functional connectivity—one based on simultaneous activity (co-activity) of nodes, the other based on sequential activity of nodes. We delineate these two classes in different categories of dynamical processes—excitations, regular and chaotic oscillators—and provide examples for SC/FC correlations of both classes in each of these models. We expand the theoretical view of the SC/FC relationships, with conceptual instances of the SC and the two classes of FC for various application scenarios in geomorphology, ecology, systems biology, neuroscience and socio-ecological systems. Seeing the organisation of dynamical processes in a network either as governed by co-activity or by sequential activity allows us to bring some order in the myriad of observations relating structure and function of complex networks
The Role of the Oral Microbiota in the Etiopathogenesis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Full text linkDysbiosis in the oral environment may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the association of oral microbiota with OSCC and to describe possible etiopathogenetic mechanisms involved in processes of OSCC development and progression. Association studies included in this review were designed as case-control/case studies, analyzing the bacteriome, mycobiome, and virome from saliva, oral rinses, oral mucosal swabs, or oral mucosal tissue samples (deep and superficial) and comparing the results in healthy individuals to those with OSCC and/or with premalignant lesions. Changes in relative abundances of specific bacteria (e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus sp.) and fungi (especially Candida sp.) were associated with OSCC. Viruses can also play a role; while the results of studies investigating the role of human papillomavirus in OSCC development are controversial, Epstein-Barr virus was positively correlated with OSCC. The oral microbiota has been linked to tumorigenesis through a variety of mechanisms, including the stimulation of cell proliferation, tumor invasiveness, angiogenesis, inhibition of cell apoptosis, induction of chronic inflammation, or production of oncometabolites. We also advocate for the necessity of performing a complex analysis of the microbiome in further studies and of standardizing the sampling procedures by establishing guidelines to support future meta-analyses