Revistas Científicas de la Universidad de Deusto
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Higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic in the opinions of students in Poland
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has completely changed the social life as we have known so far. Lockdown-type control measures resulted in numerous limitations in the operation of public and non-public institutions as well as limitations in social, family and cultural life. The measures taken due to COVID-19 have had an immediate effect on higher education in Poland. The aim of the study was to find out what experiences were gained by students participating in distance education in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic. The long-term study was conducted in two stages. The study included 290 participants who were studying in various types of universities in Poland. As a result of the research it was found that from the perspective of students, the biggest advantage of online education were logistical and organisational issues. The greatest limitations of online education were: absence of personal interaction with teachers and other students, difficulty in organising online classes based on students’ activity and learning-by-doing, lack of standardisation of platforms used for online education at the university, too much workload for students requiring independent learning, and risk of health problems as a consequence of too long work at the computer. In the second semester of distance education during the pandemic, there was an increase in student satisfaction with online education, mainly due to the more frequent conducting of synchronously classes The crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic situation initiated the educational revolution in Poland. It appears that online education will remain an integral part of Polish higher education system, but it will not replace stationary education after the pandemic.
Received: 2 August 2021Accepted: 29 September 202
An investigation of mission differentiation and specialization in Turkish universities in the context of strategic objectives
No full textThis study examines and compares the strategic objectives of the universities included in the “mission differentiation and specialization on the basis of regional development” project carried out in the Turkish higher education system and well-established universities in Turkiye. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine how the goal of “mission differentiation and specialization on the basis of regional development” is tried to be realized in the higher education system and whether this goal really brings a difference to the activities of universities. The study was conducted through document review. The universities included in the study were determined by criterion sampling and two different study groups were formed for comparison. The first study group consisted of the universities involved in the mission differentiation project. The second study group consisted of the well-established universities located in various geographical regions of Turkiye. Data were analyzed through the content analysis. The strategic objectives of the universities were examined under the themes of increasing quality in education, increasing the quantity and quality of scientific research, improvement of communication and interaction with stakeholders, strengthening of corporate identity/structure/ensuring institutionalization and internationalization. The strategic objectives of the universities with mission differentiation are also analyzed in terms of leading local and regional development. The results of the research show that universities subject to mission differentiation and well-established universities have different qualifications only in terms of “leading local and regional development” and “strengthening community service studies.” However, there are also points where goals and performance indicators depending on these strategic objectives are resembled. The similarities in the strategic objectives of the universities show that the missions of the universities with mission differentiation and specialization should first be clarified based on a general framework provided by the Council of Higher Education. In line with the guiding framework, universities should establish their unique strategic objectives in the strategic planning process in order to contribute to regional development.
Received: 20 October2021Accepted: 7 October 202
La cooperativa agraria como vehículo empresarial de los productores de la agricultura familiar
No full textPeru has a low level of agrarian competitive development, where the business associativity index in 2012 was 4.7%, which meant a business associativity gap of 95.3%, having decreased 17.2 points in 2016. In this context, the current Law No. 31335 would represent the greatest state legislative commitment to the business cooperative model for agricultural producers. The research concludes that the cooperative model represents the most efficient and effective business vehicle that agricultural producers have to close this gap and as a mechanism for economic inclusion, so that, through their commercial insertion into the markets, they achieve profitability, sustainability and competitiveness, increasing their integration in the productive and value chains, contributing to increase competitive development in the sector.
Recibido: 26 September 2022Aceptado: 16 November 2022Perú presenta bajo nivel de desarrollo competitivo agrario, donde el índice de asociatividad empresarial al 2012 ascendía a 4.7%; lo que significaba una brecha de asociatividad empresarial de 95.3%, habiendo decrecido 17.2 puntos al 2016. En ese contexto, la Ley N.º 31335 vigente, representaría la mayor apuesta legislativa estatal por el modelo cooperativo empresarial para productores agrarios. La investigación concluye que el modelo cooperativo representa el vehículo empresarial más eficiente y eficaz, que los productores agrarios tienen para cerrar tal brecha y como mecanismo de inclusión económica, para que, a través de su inserción comercial a los mercados, logren rentabilidad, sostenibilidad y competitividad, incrementando su integración en las cadenas productivas y de valor, contribuyendo a incrementar el desarrollo competitivo en el sector.
Recibido: 26 septiembre 2022Aceptado: 16 noviembre 202
González García, Ignacio, La fusión de Comunidades Autónomas. A propósito de la no incorporación de Navarra al País Vasco, Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia, 2021, 170 pp., ISBN 978-84-1397-489-7
No full textEl constituyente español y, en general, los partidos políticos en España no asumieron ni han asumido plenamente el concepto de igualdad clásica de la Revolución francesa de 1789 en su sentido de proscripción de trato de favor a según qué grupos, regiones y territorios. Es así que la Constitución de 1978 se encuentra salpicada todavía de algunos fueros especiales y tratos de privilegio en beneficio de determinadas regiones españolas, como, por ejemplo, las distintas vías de acceso a la autonomía, la disposición transitoria segunda, y, particularmente, la disposición adicional primera, base sobre la que se ha construido el sistema específico de financiación de las comunidades forales, el País Vasco y Navarra
Rallo Lombarte, Artemi, Investiduras fallidas y Constitución ignota (2015-2020), Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales, Madrid, 2020, 516 pp., ISBN 978-84-259-1860-5
No full textLa monografía Investiduras fallidas y constitución ignota (2015-2020) del profesor Rallo Lombarte nos muestra cómo en este último quinquenio la política estatal española «ha puesto a prueba» nuestra Carta Magna de forma que nunca hubiera imaginado el constituyente de 1978. Los motivos de las últimas investiduras fracasadas se nos plantean en esta obra con rigor, y se proponen acertadas soluciones constitucionales a las mismas. Todo ello, junto con el acertado análisis de otros episodios constitucionales que han marcado la reciente política multipartidista y en la que el profesor Rallo supone el mejor orador en esta narración, por su dilatada experiencia académica y política
La identidad constitucional de la Unión Europea: Una categoría jurídica en construcción
No full textEuropean constitutional identity is an emerging legal category in European Union law. Despite the silence of the founding Treaties, the Court of Justice has for the first time explicitly proclaimed its existence. In particular, it states that it is made up of the fundamental values referred to in Article 2 TEU. Its emergence is framed in the context of the crisis of the rule of law as an unavoidable judicial response to the illiberal discourse prevailing in Poland and Hungary. For all these reasons, it is of interest to delve deeper into the meaning and scope of application of this legal figure, as well as the parallels it has with the national identity clause (Article 4.2 TEU).
Received: 28.11.2022Accepted: 13.12.2022La identidad constitucional europea es una categoría jurídica emergente en el Derecho de la Unión Europea. A pesar del silencio que guardan los Tratados constitutivos, el Tribunal de Justicia ha proclamado por primera vez de manera explícita su existencia. En particular, declara que está constituida por los valores fundamentales a que se refiere el capital artículo 2 TUE. Su alumbramiento se enmarca en el contexto de la crisis del Estado de Derecho como una insoslayable respuesta judicial al discurso iliberal preponderante en Polonia y Hungría. Por todo ello, interesa profundizar en el significado y ámbito de aplicación de esta figura jurídica, así como también en el paralelismo que guarda con la cláusula de identidad nacional (artículo 4.2 TUE).
Recibido: 28.11.2022Aceptado: 13.12.202
Símbolos, neutralidad e integración constitucional
No full textThe present work aims to analyze the symbolic conflicts that have been taking place in Spain in the last years, from a constitutional point of view. For this, the symbol is studied as a legal notion that contributes to the political integration of the national community. It is important to take into account that the controversies over flags and others emblems occur in iusfundamental time and space, that is, areas where rights and power of public administrations coincide. In this sense, it is proposed to use the concept of neutrality to broaden the principle of objectivity ans thus resolve, in the jurisdictional and legality context, the problems of political semiotics.
Received: 29.11.2022Accepted: 14.12.2022El presente trabajo pretende analizar los conflictos simbólicos que vienen sucediéndose en España, desde un punto de vista constitucional. Para ello se aborda el símbolo como noción jurídica que contribuye a la integración de la comunidad política. Es importante tener en cuenta que las polémicas sobre banderas y otros emblemas se producen en lo que puede calificarse como espacio y tiempo iusfundamentales, es decir, ámbitos donde concurren derechos fundamentales y potestades de las administraciones públicos. Se propone, en tal sentido, usar el concepto de neutralidad institucional para ensanchar el principio de objetividad y así resolver en el contexto jurisdiccional o de la legalidad ordinaria, los problemas de semiótica política.
Recibido: 29.11.2022Aceptado: 14.12.202
Monedas digitales: desafíos entre Estados Unidos, la Unión Europea y Asia Pacífico
No full textIn June 2019, Facebook announced its own cryptocurrency “Libra” to be used through WhatsApp and Messenger, in order for its value to remain stable thanks to the support from banks and electronic commerce companies, linking to different currencies and the support of important companies. EU antitrust regulators investigated it as a “threat to monetary sovereignty”. China is already testing its own DCEP cryptocurrency tied to state banks and major companies, with notable advantages. It will probably displace cash and be used even for world trade, which can make it an alternative to the traditional international payment system, compared to the current one led by the United States with the USD. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) offers “the area and the route” to extend the Yen as a global digital currency. These new developments, and their rapid and high competitiveness produced as the “art of bian lian”, have generated intense concerns in the international financial system. Will the EU, Japan or the US be able to counter the virtual yuan so quickly?
Received: 01 September 2021Accepted: 05 November 2021En junio de 2019 Facebook anunció su propia criptomoneda “Libra” para usarse a través de WhatsApp y Messenger, con la finalidad de que su valor permaneciese estable gracias al apoyo de entidades bancarias y empresas de comercio electrónico, vinculándose a diferentes divisas y el respaldo de importantes empresas. Los reguladores antimonopolio de la UE lo investigaron como “amenaza a la soberanía monetaria”. China ya se encuentra probando su propia criptomoneda DCEP vinculada a bancos estatales e importantes empresas, con notables ventajas. Probablemente desplazará el dinero en efectivo y se utilizará incluso para el comercio mundial, lo que puede convertirla en una por Estados Unidos con el USD. La Iniciativa (BRI) ofrece “la franja y la ruta” para extender el Yen como una moneda digital global. Estos nuevos desarrollos, y su rápida y alta competitividad producida como el “arte de bian lian”, han generado intensas preocupaciones en el sistema financiero internacional. ¿Podrán la UE, Japón o EEUU contrarrestar con tanta rapidez el yuan virtual?
Recibido: 01 septiembre 2021Aceptado: 05 noviembre 202