OJS (University St. Kliment Ohridski)
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THE POLITICS OF SUSTAINABILITY: ENCOURAGING THE UN 2030 AGENDA VIA POWER DYNAMICS AND POLICY OBSTACLES
Full text linkThe United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) present global vision for achieving social, economic and environmental balance. However, implementing sustainability is fraught with political dynamics and complex policy challenges. This study examines how the distribution of power between state and non-state actors influences sustainable policymaking at different levels of government. Conflicts of interest often arise among business, civil society and government, which complicates efforts to align common goals. International institutions play an important role in promoting green policies but face unique challenges, particularly in developing countries that must balance economic growth with environmental commitments. This study highlights significant policy limitations and bureaucratic inefficiencies that hinder effective SDG implementation. A shift towards multi-level governance is essential, given the increasing involvement of local and private actors. Ultimately, achieving the 2030 Agenda depends on strengthening cooperation among stakeholders and implementing inclusive policies that are responsive to multiple interests
THE EU AI FRAMEWORK FOR INDIA: GRANTING ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN A DIVERSE SOCIETY
Full text linkThis paper critically examines the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the Indian judicial system, with a focus on safeguarding access to justice for marginalized social groups. It argues that the European Union\u27s AI Act, with its risk-based approach, offers valuable insights for India\u27s own emerging AI regulatory framework. The analysis explores how AI technologies, when deployed in judicial and law enforcement processes, risk exacerbating existing social inequalities unless strict transparency, accountability, and human rights protections are implemented. The paper discusses the digital divide phenomenon in India, which limits access to AI-driven justice solutions for underprivileged communities due to factors such as poverty, illiteracy, and socio-cultural stratification. By drawing comparisons between India\u27s unique socio-legal context and European AI governance framework, this study proposes a path forward for the responsible integration of AI in India’s judiciary. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for an inclusive legal framework that addresses India’s social diversity, while ensuring that AI systems serve to enhance, rather than hinder, justice and equality for all
ANTIBIOTIC USE IN AGRICULTURE AND ITS ROLE IN THE SPREAD OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANT BACTERIA
Full text linkAntibiotics were a significant advancement in medicine, yet infections from resistant bacteria are now on the rise, posing a major public health challenge. These bacteria can reach humans through food or contact and can cause severe illnesses that are harder to treat, leading to increased illness and death rates. Additionally, resistant strains can spread into the environment via animal waste, amplifying resistance in the environmental microbiome. The study explored the antimicrobial resistance profile of bacteria in soil, which is a highly diverse environment and a reservoir for resistance genes. In addition, the aim of this study was to isolate soil bacteria from compost and assess their antibiotic resistance profiles using the diffusion test method. In this study, 24 different antibiotics were used to evaluate the resistance profiles of the isolated bacteria. Results showed that 8 out of 20 bacterial isolates exhibited resistance to the tested antibiotics. 60% of the isolates demonstrated resistance to chloramphenicol and nitrofurantoin, whereas only 10% of the isolates exhibited resistance to gentamicin, representing the lowest observed resistance rate. This highlights the need for stronger regulations on antibiotic production, distribution, use, as well as global collaboration to support developing countries in improving antibiotic use and resistance surveillance
TECHNOLOGY OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF BEE PATTIES
Full text linkBeekeeping is a vital economic and traditional practice with significant economic and ecological impacts. Beyond producing functional and medicinally beneficial products for humans, honey bees (Apis mellifera) play a crucial role in plant pollination - a service with an economic value far exceeding that of bee products. Supplemental feeding using industrially produced foods, such as sugar syrups and protein patties, is essential for ensuring adequate winter food supplies. Protein patties are typically produced using integrated sugar products and dried yeasts (for bakery and livestock use), enriched with proteins, vitamins, minerals, and nutritional bio stimulants. This technologically advanced production process involves the careful selection of raw materials, storage, refining, grinding, heat treatment, dosing, homogenization, fat addition, packing, and transportation. Strict quality control at every stage ensures the final product meets the nutritional needs of bees and the expectations of beekeepers. This study analyzed honey yields over five years in two apiaries. Case Study 1 recorded a total honey yield of 9,400 kg, while Case Study 2 yielded 2,550 kg. The results highlighted the positive impact of stimulatory supplements on bee productivity, with particularly notable improvements in 2021 and 2022. Additionally, local environmental conditions were found to significantly influence honey yields. The findings confirm that stimulatory supplements enhance bee activity, immunity, queen productivity, and the successful wintering of young bees. These advancements demonstrate the potential to improve the sustainability and productivity of beekeeping through targeted nutritional interventions
DIGITAL RECONSTRUCTOR: INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL TWINS FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION AND REMEDIATION OF WAR-AFFECTED TERRITORIES IN UKRAINE
Full text linkThis article provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential and opportunities of Digital Twin technology for the reconstruction and remediation of socio-economic and ecological systems in Ukraine. Given the scale of destruction caused by military activities, limited resources, and tight recovery timelines, traditional remediation methods often prove too slow and resource-intensive. To address this, the authors propose a project aimed at implementing Digital Twin systems for the integrated restoration of infrastructure in these systems. Virtual models of war-damaged infrastructure (roads, bridges, buildings) and ecosystems (forests, water systems) will be created using geospatial data, sensors, and real-time monitoring technologies, enabling timely responses, effective decision-making, and efficient resource management. The study examines successful applications of Digital Twins and discusses their challenges and prospects within sustainable development. The results confirm that the adoption of Digital Twin technology can significantly enhance post-war recovery efforts. The authors’ future research will focus on successful digital transformation experiences and the development of frameworks to optimize the integration of Digital Twins into Ukraine’s post-war remediation management model
THE IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION ON ALLERGIC REACTIONS OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
Full text linkIntroduction: Air pollution is a growing concern due to its adverse effects on health, particularly respiratory conditions such as allergic reactions of the upper respiratory tract. This study investigates the relationshipbetween air pollution exposure and thefrequency and severity of allergicsymptoms in individuals from differentdemographic backgrounds. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based study will be conducted among individuals of varying ages, occupations, and living conditions. The survey will include questions about personal exposure to outdoor and indoor air pollution, the frequency of allergic symptoms, and the perceived quality of air in the participant’s environment. Participants will also be asked to assess any correlation between air pollution and their allergic symptoms, including sneezing, nasal congestion, throat irritation, and eye itching. Discussion: Preliminary data suggest a strong correlation between exposure to both outdoor and indoor air pollution and the frequency of allergic reactions, particularly during high-pollution seasons like spring and autumn. Many participants reported worsening symptoms in polluted environments and improvement in cleaner air settings, highlighting the role of air quality in managing allergic conditions. Conclusion: The study confirms that air pollution significantly affects allergic reactions in the upper respiratory tract. Measures such as improving air quality and reducing exposure to pollutants, especially in urban and industrial areas, are essential for managing respiratory allergies. Further research is needed to explore long-term effects and interventions to mitigate the impact of air pollution on respiratory health
ETHICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS: A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE
Full text linkIn the face of the dynamic development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in healthcare, this article analyzes the ethical and legal aspects of its use in an international context. The aim of the study was to identify key challenges related to the implementation of AI in medicine and to assess existing legal regulations and bioethical standards at the global level. The study employed a method of analyzing scientific literature, international legal acts, and reports from organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the European Union. An assessment of existing legal regulations and bioethical standards in force at the global level was also conducted. The results indicated significant problems related to the protection of patient data, lack of algorithm transparency, and potential inequalities in access to AI technologies. The legal analysis revealed fragmentation of international regulations and the need for harmonization of provisions to effectively protect patient rights and ensure clinical safety. The conclusions emphasize the necessity of international cooperation in creating uniform legal and ethical frameworks for AI applications in medicine. De legeferenda conclusions are shaped as follows: establishing global standards, promoting ethical programming, and educating medical personnel and patients in the field of AI technologies to maximize benefits and minimize risks associated with its use
MODERN ASPECTS OF QUASICONTINUOUS FUNCTIONS
Full text linkThe concept of continuity became an inspiration for the creation of topology. In the 20th century, there were many attempts to generalize this concept. One such attempt was made by the Polish mathematician Stefan Kempisty in the 1920s, when he introduced the concept of quasicontinuity. Various concepts of continuity in topological spaces are defined and their interconnections are examined. In this paper, we consider only Kempisty\u27s quasicontinuity for functions of several real variables, in order to give a new approach to these functions regarding various applications in many fields of technical sciences. New proofs are provided for three of his fundamental theorems from his original work. A new generalization of Kempisty\u27s theorem is made with three new theorems, each of which is individually stronger than Kempisty\u27s theorem and which address the issues posed by his theorem. Two of these theorems, in general form, were proved by J. Ewert, who obtained them while examining multiplied functions, but the proofs given in this paper do not utilize the mentioned results of J. Ewert
ECHOES OF EMOTION: NAVIGATING THE INTRICACIES OF POETIC TRANSLATION
Full text linkThis research addresses the challenges of poetic translation, focusing on Aco Shopov\u27s poem "Eyes" and its English translation by the author. It analyzes issues related to translating emotional expressiveness, which is created by means of lexis, imagery, symbols, and figures of speech. The paper draws on various theoretical frameworks, such as communicative vs. semantic translation, foreignization vs. domestication, and dynamic vs. formal equivalence in the translation process. The analysis of this specific translation illustrates how translators can navigate the complex task of transferring poetic meaning across languages while preserving the poem\u27s aesthetic and emotional integrity by skillfully combining the aforementioned approaches and concepts