OJS (University of Applied Sciences Velika Gorica)
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Regional policies for the development of civil protection
No full textThe regional development of civil protection in the Republic of Croatia refers to the organization and operation of civil protection at the regional level (counties and the City of Zagreb) to ensure effective protection of citizens, property and the environment in the event of major accidents and disasters. The regional development of civil protection is crucial for strengthening society's resistance to extraordinary events, reducing the risk of disasters and ensuring a quick and coordinated response in case of crisis situations.
There is an obvious need to adapt civil protection to new circumstances (climate changes, security challenges, natural risks) with the primary goal of improving the organization, role and positioning of civil protection in the national security system, as well as proactive disaster risk management.
All units of regional government have adopted development plans until 2027 in accordance with the Law on the System of Strategic Planning and Development Management of the Republic of Croatia. The development plan is a medium-term act of strategic planning, which aims to determine the priority areas of development of regional self-government units. The development plans within the scope of the presented strategic goals and measures showed, among other things, the current state and development priorities of the civil protection system at the regional level.
This paper aims to present a comparative analysis of regional development plans, primarily when linking development goals in accordance with the matrix of disaster risk management (planning, prevention, preparedness, response and recovery) in order to determine the direction of development. Likewise, the analysis will determine which target groups (citizens, operational forces of civil protection, citizens' associations, legal entities and/or local administration) the development goals are aimed at. The paper also aims to analyse the compliance of regional development plans with policy implementation priorities in the area of strengthening resilience to disaster risks presented in the National Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia until 2030.
Bearing in mind that the Civil Protection Development Strategy at the national level has not yet been adopted, this paper aims to identify recommendations for the development of the civil protection system at the national level as part of the legislative-planning framework, disaster risk reduction and the development of operational capacities for response to major accidents and disasters
The impact of noise on human health and the environment
No full textThis research paper deals with the problem of noise and analyses the relevant legal framework in the Republic of Croatia that regulates noise levels for the protection of health and the environment. Noise is recognized as a significant factor that can affect people's quality of life. Therefore, it is important to understand its impact and implement appropriate measures to address this challenge. The analysis of the legal framework shows that there are legal instruments, such as the Noise Abatement Act, which prescribe measures to prevent the negative effects of noise on human health and the environment.
The measurement of internal and external noise was carried out with the Sauter SU 130, version 2.0. 04/2020, DE, which provides information about the actual noise levels in the analysed facility, a healthcare facility in Zagreb. Internal noise is often caused by staff and patient conversations and equipment, while external noise can be caused by traffic or other external sources. These findings provide a basis for understanding the challenges faced by workers and patients.
The subjective experience of noise exposure is further analyzed in a survey of healthcare facility staff. The frequency of noise exposure, perceptions of the impact on concentration and productivity, and emotional reactions such as stress and sleep problems were analyzed to better understand the physical and psychological impact of noise on employees.
The research also analyses employee awareness of noise-related regulations and policies and suggests measures to improve the situation. Indoor noise measurements with closed windows showed a deviation of 13.33% from the prescribed average noise level in a total of 60 measurements, while the deviation with open windows was 73.33%. The overall mean value of the noise measurement with closed windows is 42.9 dB(A), with the lowest mean value being 33.0 dB(A) and the lowest peak value 39.6 dB(A), while the highest mean value is 56.7 dB(A) and the highest peak value 73.6 dB(A). The average noise measurement with the windows open is 52.4 dB(A) overall, with the lowest mean value at 44.3 dB(A) and the lowest peak value at 48.1 dB(A), while the highest mean value is 59.0 dB(A) and the highest peak value is 71.2 dB(A). It is obvious that the noise levels are not satisfactory, and this experiment and analysis confirm a significant difference in noise levels between open and closed windows.
The outdoor noise measurements showed a deviation of 38.33% from the average noise level with high peaks in a total of 60 measurements, which poses a potential risk to the health and quality of life of the exposed population. The lowest mean value is 57.2 dB(A), the lowest peak value is 64.7 dB(A), the highest mean value is 71.7 dB(A) and the highest peak value is 95.0 dB(A). High noise levels can also cause stress and disturbance to animals and disrupt their natural habitat and the balance of the ecosystem. In this part of the study, it was found that some of the noise levels do not meet the prescribed standard.
A survey with 14 questions and 46 respondents revealed that noise is perceived as a potential disturbance and threat to one's health and ability to work. Disappointing results were also obtained regarding knowledge of noise protection regulations and guidelines: 82.6 % of respondents had insufficient or no knowledge of noise legislation and recommendations. This part of the study confirmed the negative effects of noise on personal mood and functioning in the workplace as well as the insufficient knowledge of the legal framework.
In conclusion, the study emphasises the importance of a systematic approach to noise management to protect human health and recommends further steps to implement effective noise reduction measures
Application of simulated phishing attacks for user training
Get PDFIn light of the escalating significance of today's digital era and the heightened consciousness surrounding information system security, the prevalence of threats pertaining to information and data theft, as well as phishing attacks, is on the rise. This paper seeks to outline a framework for end-user training utilizing simulated phishing attacks. The introductory segment of this paper furnishes a comprehensive overview of the threats to information system security and underscores the pivotal role of user education in preventing a majority of malicious attacks. According to data from the National CERT (an entity within the Croatian Academic and Research Network), phishing attacks account for 65.6% of security incidents (based on data from 2023). Consequently, there exists a pressing imperative for innovative educational methodologies, among which the employment of simulated phishing attacks emerges as a pivotal tool for heightening awareness regarding user and data security.
The second section of the paper outlines the research methodology, beginning with the establishment of research objectives, participant selection, and the creation of simulated phishing attacks, whether announced or unannounced simulations. Through a comprehensive examination of various aspects of conducting simulated attacks, such as scenario development, targeted user selection, and the assessment of training effectiveness, the study explores diverse approaches to evaluating training outcomes, analyzing feedback, and comparing achieved results with intended goals.
By employing both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the gathered data, this study investigates the implications of simulated phishing attacks on user awareness and security. Particular emphasis is placed on examining the outcomes derived from phishing attack simulations conducted both prior to and subsequent to user training sessions. These findings are anticipated to reveal a clear correlation in users' preparedness to identify and address genuine security incidents. Furthermore, the study explores the influence of various factors on the efficacy of the training program.
The concluding segment of this paper encapsulates the principal discoveries of the study and clarifies their significance in the realm of mitigating security incidents caused by phishing attacks. It emphasizes the imperative of continually enhancing user education and utilizing innovative educational methods, as demonstrated by simulated phishing attacks. By integrating simulated attacks into educational initiatives and corporate strategies, the potential for creating a more secure online environment and safeguarding users from potential threats becomes feasible. Finally, recommendations for further research efforts and practical applications within the domain of simulated phishing attacks are outlined, with the overarching aim of continuously improving information system security
The evolution of private security jobs and security guards of the future
Get PDFWhen looking at the private protection sector, we often deal with expected future projections, but without a realistic view of the current situation within the sector. Therefore, we believe that any prediction of the development of this dynamic sector, as well as of the professional and expert competencies of security guards as the fundamental bearers of protective activities, must be planned with a parallel review of the current market of private protection services. In this context, the goal of this work is a realistic overview of the current state of private protection in the Republic of Croatia and the key factors that contribute to it, the status of the direct executors of private protection, their current preferences, motivations and competences, as well as the projection of future training and education, in the context of the overall development and evolution within this sector. In accordance with what was stated in the projection for the future, we simultaneously perceive the fact that the Republic of Croatia is not isolated from the overall security trends in the environment, and therefore it is necessary to take into account all the realities of the changed security environment, new security threats, and on the basis of these new and evolving security the needs of service users, as well as parallel processes of continuous substitution of part of the jobs within the private protection sector, the process of pluralizing security jobs, and the necessity of adapting private protection jobs to the process of digital transformation of the business environment and the increasing participation of modern technology and technologically advanced systems when providing private protection services
Biological defence through the civil protection system analysis and suggestions from the perspective of CBRN defence doctrine
No full textNatural and anthropogenic biological threats very often cause mass casualties and destruction, with long-term repercussions to the economy, welfare, security and political stability, and ultimately, to the future progress of the state and its society. For these reasons, the EU Member States have developed national and joint doctrines and strategies that provide for defence systems against the above threats, based on mass mobilization and mass response of all available capacities. The joint military response resides within NATO’s Joint CBRN Defence apparatus, while the civilian counterpart system is within the EU’s Civil Protection Mechanism. At the national level, each country develops its own, yet compatible systems. In the Republic of Croatia, strategic documents and laws on the development of the Homeland Security System and the Civil Protection System have been adopted. Biological threats, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, are among such developments and require a systemic response. However, hardly anywhere in the world, not even in the EU and its Member States, have the relevant response systems worked
Development of the tourist destination through organization of the VIA VINO manifestation
No full textVIA VINO is a festival with a rich cultural, wine and gastronomic offer and is a month-long destination campaign organised in Zagreb County with the aim of promoting Zagreb's wine roads and green ring. This destination development project was conceived, launched and implemented by the Zagreb County Tourist Board in 2021 in line with the Sustainable Tourism Development Strategy for 2030 and under the auspices of the Croatian Tourist Board and has been running for three years. The content consists of promoting and branding the wine routes of Zagreb County and creating a synergy between all stakeholders in the destination, which increases the attractive offer for visitors. The results measured over the last three years show a significant increase in the number of visitors to natural and cultural heritage sites and wine routes. At the same time, the organisation of this event has helped to increase the competitiveness of Zagreb County, increase visitor consumption, and thus increase the destination's revenue, promote economic growth and development of the region and at the same time preserve the destination's natural and cultural sites. The event has been held in autumn for the last three consecutive years and has had an extraordinary impact in promoting the destination and its tourism offer and resources. The paper analyses the impact of the event on the destination, preparation, branding, offer, communication tools, promotion, and the impact of the event on the development of existing and additional tourism offers, as well as the readiness and commitment of the destination's key stakeholders, with a focus on sustainable and responsible management of tourism in the destination. It explains how the organisation and implementation of the innovative event can contribute to the multiplication of positive effects and tourism development in destinations
Analysis of the disappearance and loss of soil in the European union caused by elements of anthropogenic and natural influences
No full textSoil is often mistakenly considered a renewable resource, but due to the very long time span of the formation and regeneration processes, it is in fact a non-renewable and limited resource. Poor soil management and the loss of its fertility jeopardies not only current production capacities, but also those of future generations. Only 2-3 centimeters of soil are created in 1000 years, and 33% of the soil on our planet is currently affected by degradation processes which, according to the FAO, fall into the category of severe degradation. Worldwide, 50,000 km2 of soil is lost every year. The landscape in many areas also indicates that the interaction of climate, topography, soil characteristics and human activities has led to unsustainable development in the short and medium term. The main factors affecting the rate of soil erosion by water are precipitation, soil type, topography, land use and land management. The following data is used to estimate soil loss: erosivity of precipitation, erodibility of soil, land management and topography. Using this universal formula, it was determined that the average rate of soil loss in erosion-prone soils in the European Union (agricultural, forestry and semi-natural areas) is 2.46 tonnes per hectare per year, resulting in a total soil loss of 970 megatonnes per year. The highest annual soil loss rates were observed in the Mediterranean regions, while lower values are predicted for Scandinavia and the Baltic states. The highest average annual soil loss rate (at country level) is recorded in Italy (8.46 tonnes/ha), followed by Slovenia (7.43 tonnes/ha) and Austria (7.19 tonnes/ha), which is due to the combination of high erosive precipitation and steep topography (steep and long slopes). The average soil loss rates in other Mediterranean countries (Spain, Greece, Malta and Cyprus) are also higher than the European average. The lowest average annual soil loss rates were found in Finland (0.06 tonnes/ha), Estonia (0.21 tonnes/ha) and the Netherlands (0.27 tonnes/ha). The Republic of Croatia has an annual soil loss rate of 3.16 t/ha. Soil loss due to water erosion is expected to increase by 13–22.5 % in the EU by 2050. Changes in future soil erosion rates will be determined by climatic conditions, land use patterns, socio-economic development, farmers' decisions and agro-ecological policies. According to some climate change scenarios, soil loss could affect 84% of the area and erosion rates could reach 45%.
The paper provides a detailed analysis of the indicators and causes of degradation and the potential consequences for humanity
Management of the communication process in crisis management
Get PDFThe crisis management process includes a wide spectrum of interrelated activities before, during and after a crisis event with crucial application of the principles of an effective communication process which includes all stakeholders inside and outside of the organization. The application of the fundamental principles of the communication process is an essential part of strategic organizational planning, which increases organization's resilience and preparedness for the occurrence of different types of crises or unplanned and unwanted events that affect the organization in numerous ways. The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of choosing suitable ways of communication and communication strategies with special reference to the preparation of adequate ways of communication. In this context, a survey will be conducted, the aim of which is to determine the existence of crisis communication systems within an organization and to examine the perception of the importance of respondents on the preparation of adequate ways of communication in crisis situations
Information technology in crisis situations and civil protection – CROalertNet
Get PDFThe paper presents the developmental idea of the application and platform CROalertNet, which is aimed at improving the safety and awareness of the citizens of the Republic of Croatia through an innovative system for timely warning of various types of crises. Through the analysis of functionality, technological infrastructure, and user experience, it is shown how this platform can serve as a tool in the national protection and rescue system, providing key information in moments of crisis and promoting a culture of readiness and prevention among the population. By implementing the latest technological solutions and a community-based approach, CROalertNet contributes to society's resilience in responding to crises, making information accessible, understandable, and action-oriented for all users. A strong and scalable platform that uses cloud technology to ensure high availability and reliability of services is the foundation of the project. The platform uses advanced solutions for real-time data processing and analysis, ensuring the speed and accuracy of information. One of the important aspects of the application is also its focus on offline operation, and thanks to its modular design, the platform is ready for future expansions and integrations with other systems and technologies, such as artificial intelligence, to improve threat detection and personalize the user experience
Communication adaptation for crisis in the software development industry
No full text The software development industry has experienced exponential growth anddemand over the past few decades, overcoming various challenges along the way. Overalldemanding COVID-19 pandemic years posed both obstacles and opportunities for this sector.While many industries struggled during this time, the software development industry foundpaths for growth and innovation. As demand continues to expand, there arises a pressingneed for management to adapt to evolving industry dynamics.With an increasing number of employees transitioning to remote work, there is a growingconcern that their business skills may not be developing in tandem with their technicalexpertise. Although this issue has not yet manifested as a significant problem, it presents apotential source of future organizational crises. To mitigate this risk on time, it is imperativefor people management practices to adjust to the new working landscape, emphasizingeffective communication strategies tailored to new demands. This paper explores theimportance of communication adaptation for crisis management within the softwaredevelopment industry, highlighting the necessity for proactive measures to ensureorganizational resilience and success in the face of evolving challenges