OJS (University of Applied Sciences Velika Gorica)
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Environmental risk management: Fostering sustainable development through education
No full textEducation plays a crucial role in shaping environmental protection awareness, starting from preschool age to higher education. Through systematic learning about environmental issues and sustainable practices, individuals gain an understanding of the complexity of the ecological challenges facing the planet. In addition to formal education, continuous public environmental awareness development through media and alternative channels is crucial for spreading awareness of environmental issues and fostering action at all societal levels. Improving environmental awareness could help reduce risks and benefit the planet. This paper examines the importance of raising awareness to address environmental challenges. Implementing the paradigm of sustainable development into the environmental awareness of children and adults is a complex and time-consuming process. The emphasis is on raising the level of environmental awareness through the educational system, and research conducted among students at Velika Gorica University highlighted the need for systematic education on environmental awareness at all levels, from preschool to adulthood
Application of simulated phishing attacks for user training
No full textIn light of the escalating significance of today's digital era and the heightened consciousness surrounding information system security, the prevalence of threats pertaining to information and data theft, as well as phishing attacks, is on the rise. This paper seeks to outline a framework for end-user training utilizing simulated phishing attacks. The introductory segment of this paper furnishes a comprehensive overview of the threats to information system security and underscores the pivotal role of user education in preventing a majority of malicious attacks. According to data from the National CERT (an entity within the Croatian Academic and Research Network), phishing attacks account for 65.6% of security incidents (based on data from 2023). Consequently, there exists a pressing imperative for innovative educational methodologies, among which the employment of simulated phishing attacks emerges as a pivotal tool for heightening awareness regarding user and data security.
The second section of the paper outlines the research methodology, beginning with the establishment of research objectives, participant selection, and the creation of simulated phishing attacks, whether announced or unannounced simulations. Through a comprehensive examination of various aspects of conducting simulated attacks, such as scenario development, targeted user selection, and the assessment of training effectiveness, the study explores diverse approaches to evaluating training outcomes, analyzing feedback, and comparing achieved results with intended goals.
By employing both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the gathered data, this study investigates the implications of simulated phishing attacks on user awareness and security. Particular emphasis is placed on examining the outcomes derived from phishing attack simulations conducted both prior to and subsequent to user training sessions. These findings are anticipated to reveal a clear correlation in users' preparedness to identify and address genuine security incidents. Furthermore, the study explores the influence of various factors on the efficacy of the training program.
The concluding segment of this paper encapsulates the principal discoveries of the study and clarifies their significance in the realm of mitigating security incidents caused by phishing attacks. It emphasizes the imperative of continually enhancing user education and utilizing innovative educational methods, as demonstrated by simulated phishing attacks. By integrating simulated attacks into educational initiatives and corporate strategies, the potential for creating a more secure online environment and safeguarding users from potential threats becomes feasible. Finally, recommendations for further research efforts and practical applications within the domain of simulated phishing attacks are outlined, with the overarching aim of continuously improving information system security
Analysis of the deradicalizacion program in the French Republic
No full textIn the Republic of France, dealing with the issue of radicalization and de-radicalization is relatively recent. In French de-radicalization programs, a highly centralized approach was applied with a large role of the government and a very small role of civil society. Also, deradicalization programs are structured and clearly set at the state level. The main aim of this paper is to analyze how the deradicalization programs was thought out and implemented in the Republic of France, as well as the results and success of these programs. It can be concluded that the deradicalization programs in France have their shortcomings and there are no clearly established criteria by which to evaluate the program and, if necessary, modify them to make them more successful. The research methods used in the work are: deductive method, analysis method, descriptive method and case study method
Echoes of an Aerial Threat: Learning from the Zagreb Drone Crash for Future Security
No full textThe paper examines the crash of an unidentified UAV (drone) near the Stjepan Radić studentdormitory in Zagreb, Croatia, in 2022, as a critical case study in urban security and crisismanagement. It explores the impact of such incidents on urban safety protocols, evaluates theeffectiveness of current detection and response systems, and delves into the intricate processof decision-making under tight time constraints. Specifically, the paper highlights thechallenges in detecting and classifying low-flying, slow-moving aerial threats that may bypassexisting air defense mechanisms, underscoring the gap between technological capabilities andthe human factors influencing rapid response strategies.Our paper will utilize a qualitative analysis, incorporating data from media reports and officialstatements. By comparing this incident against similar global occurrences, the research aims toidentify patterns in the detection, classification, and response to unmanned aerial threats. Thiscomparative approach seeks to understand the limitations of current urban security measuresand the critical role of human decision-making in crisis scenarios. Through this analysis, thepaper raises vital questions about the balance between technological solutions and the necessityfor quick, informed decisions by individuals in positions of authority, initiating a crucialdialogue on enhancing the efficacy of urban security measures against emerging aerial threats
Particularities of the police tactic in security accidents
Get PDFThe tactics of police action is a complex and very important aspect of the scope, function andsecurity role of police organizations and services. This is a sui generis tactic that is most ofteninherent exclusively to the police scope, but due to the heterogeneity of assumed and real situationsto which this scope refers, this tactic assumes an inter and multi disciplinary approach, both in thecreation of its material meaning and even more so in the cataloguing of the implementationspectrum of procedures, measures and instruments that make up this tactic. With its elementaryform and content, police tactics is placed in the field of organizational sciences and management,but due to its police meaning, this tactic also creates a new discipline that can be placed in thecontext of police sciences.Security events such as accidents in industrial infrastructures, due to their characteristics,especially due to the potential threat to the security situation in the immediate or distantenvironment, assume the urgent action of numerous and different services with the primary goalof protecting and saving people's lives and property. However, police tactics in such events arestrongly determined by a double function, which is imperative to achieve two important tacticalgoals. The primary goal is the rescue and protection of people and property, as well as theprevention of the spread of threats and harmful consequences, while the second is related to crimeinvestigation and processing of events.This paper points to the immediate implementation of tactical measures and the need forcoordination of police intervention with other emergency services, but also analyses thepeculiarities of work at the scene for the purpose of criminal investigation of the event. At thesame time, the aim of the paper is to question the specifics of the applied police tactics with thepurpose of improving and more efficiently organizing police work in accidental events.MethodologyIn accordance with the subject of the research, and the composition and goal of this paper,respectively the peculiarities of police tactics in accidental security events, a specialmethodological framework of analysis was created. Since the goal of the research is an empiricallybased questioning of the adequacy and specificity of police tactics in accidental security events, asa basis for the description and testing of individual phases, measures, and actions, the method ofcase analysis (case study) was used.Through the created form, respectively the created matrix, the common and specific features ofseveral selected, complex, typical accidental security events in which the application of policetactics is manifested were extracted as variables. Based on the analysis, all variables weresynthesized, which were then interrogated through a multi-level normative framework and rulesof police behaviour and profession with the ultimate goal of identifying critical points and ratingthe adequacy and uniqueness of the applied tactics.ResultsThe description of the selected (5) subject cases, structured according to about 10 variables, relatedto and was carried out on about fifty positions in the created analysis matrix. These positionsrepresent indicators and measurable indicators of the applied tactical measures, respectively thedevelopment and course of the intervention, but also the outcomes and achieved tactical goals.By looking at the normative framework as an element of legal admissibility and regularity, as wellas the lege artis aspects and the logical justification of the tactical measures and actions it can beassessed that the police forces in the analysed cases acted in accordance with legal norms, bylawsand professional principles, and successfully achieved the expected and assumed tactical goals.Tactical measures in the function of creating assumptions for the successful operation of otheremergency services (firefighters, emergency medical assistance, civil protection, etc.), especiallytactical measures in traffic (control, blockade and diversion), are usually considered routine, butoften they represent an obstacle and complicating the action of all services at a security event.Criminalistic differential diagnosis is inseparable and assumes simultaneous tactical measures andactions already with the first knowledge or tactical measure of action according to the informationabout the event. However, this diagnosis of the event usually requires numerous tactical actionsrelated to the scene of the event, as well as actions in relation to the relevant participants, such asperpetrators, victims, witnesses, etc. The peculiarities of tactical measures in the function ofcriminal investigation, as well as those in the function of creating assumptions for the effectiveoperation of other emergency services, were checked and determined in the managerial cyclesegment as well. The police organization and management system are often put to the test inaccidental security events, but research confirms relatively high compliance and functionality ofall levels from programming and planning to monitoring the implementation of tactical measuresand actions.The results also reveal that one of the most significant peculiarities of police tactics is the level ofsituational efficiency and competence of police officers as immediate executors of the analysedtactical measures and actions. This segment of tactics is connected to other disciplines (especiallykinesiology), so it is not inspected in depth in this paper, but it is important to point out that thesuccess of achieving tactical goals depends significantly on the psychophysical conditions andoverall abilities of police officer
Croatian disaster risk management legislation gap analysis
No full textDamages caused by disasters have already become a global, regional, and local governance problem that lacks effective legislative frameworks (Manyena et al., 2013). Despite numerous disastrous events and mounting natural hazard event damage and losses (MinFin, 2024), activities between events and lack of strategic planning in the last ten years, disaster risk management and disaster risk reduction are far from getting the needed resources, acceptance and understanding in Croatia. National policies and legislation on disaster risk reduction are vital for shaping efficient disaster risk management implementation (Bang, 2021). Disaster risk management legislation is the foremost instrument to shift focus from unsustainable disaster response towards risk reduction. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, with its seven targets and four priorities, is a global outline for implementing disaster risk reduction measures to save lives, livelihoods, health, and assets (UNDRR, 2015).
This research analyses current Croatian disaster risk management legislation and policy against the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 -2030 (UNDRR, 2015) recommendations. The research aims to identify legislative gaps and necessary improvements. Qualitative research assessed Croatian's ability to mitigate, assess, respond to, and recover from disasters caused by earthquakes, forest fires, floods, and landslides, the four unacceptable national disaster risks according to the National Disaster Risk Assessment. Croatia aims to align its disaster risk management policies with international commitments. Notably, it adheres to the 2015-2030 Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR, 2015) and the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDG, 2015). The Republic of Croatia has established a robust national emergency management system. Under this system, the government oversees the civil response activities, with the Civil Protection Headquarters coordination and support from the operational forces defined by the Act on Civil Protection System, emphasising firefighters, the Croatian Mountain Rescue Service, and the Croatian Red Cross Croatia. With an already established emergency management system, Croatia reportedly recognises the importance of shifting from a reactive to a proactive disaster risk management approach. Consequently, the Croatian Disaster Risk Reduction Platform was established to achieve an integrated DRR policy.
While most initiatives originate at the national level, sectoral strategies, legislation, and activities need better alignment. Several legislative pieces define sector-specific DRR measures, including the Water Act (HV, 2019), which addresses water-related risk management. The Civil Protection System Act (MUP, 2015) partially defines disaster risk management planning, focusing primarily on response—the Forest Fire Protection Ordinance (HŠ, 2014), which focuses on forest fire prevention. However, more substantial implementation of the National Disaster Risk Management Strategy (MUP, 2022) aims to mitigate the gaps in the current legislation. Although the Strategy should consolidate the existing sectoral approaches and outline a unified framework for risk reduction, the absence of an overarching legislation framework such as a Disaster Risk Reduction Act poses a significant obstacle to implementing all recommendations laid down by the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. Priority 1: Understanding disaster risk implementation into national legislation needs significant political will and a push towards mainstreaming planning based on an understanding of disaster risk in all its dimensions of hazard characteristics, vulnerability, capacity, and exposure of people and property.
Although Croatia has a National Disaster Risk Reduction Platform, there is still a significant gap in sectorial coordination, defining roles and responsibilities, coherent policies, and incentives for implementing public and private sectors' DRR measures. The reason lies in a nonexistent DRR legislative that would institutionalise all National Platform and Platform members' obligations. The existing National DRR Platform was established by the Croatian Government's decision, which only loosely defined the Platform's members' mandates. Moreover, the Homeland Security Act (MORH, 2017 )creates an overlap in coordination. Members of the National DRR Platform and the Civil Protection Headquarters overlap extensively with the Homeland Security Council (political level) and Homeland Security Coordination (operational level), both of which were established by the Homeland Security Act. The Homeland Security Act does not intervene in the competencies of the Homeland Security system members as defined by their legislative and by-laws. The Homeland Security Act defines when and under what conditions a state of emergency is declared, but it fails to define the members' roles within the system. The former is defined by The Civil Protection System Act (MUP, 2015) and The Act on the Mitigation and Elimination of the Consequences due to Natural Hazards(MinFin, 2019), while the latter still requires further improvement. The current state makes Priority 2: Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk only partially implemented. And in a majorly confusing manner. Croatian authorities have yet to gain and implement knowledge of the importance of investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience, as outlined by Priority 3. implementing and investing in structural and non-structural measures is pivotal in securing resilient local government and can lead to the growth and sustainable development of local communities and, consequently, a resilient Republic of Croatia. Nevertheless, some steps are taken in a positive direction, such as risk transfer in agriculture. The national government offers incentives on insurance policies, which can lead to public and private sector investments in disaster risk reduction measures.
Croatian disaster preparedness is defined in detail with civil protection plans on all three levels of government, national, regional and local, operational forces plans, and civil protection plans of legal persons of civil protection interests defined by the Act on Civil Protection System and sectorial standard operating plans. However, the legislation has yet to define recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction plans and the opportunity to «Build Back Better» by integrating disaster risk reduction measures. New legislative pieces were developed each time for the 2014 Slavonia flood and recent earthquakes in Zagreb and Petrinja, making recovery somewhat ineffective and showing the importance of implementing Priority 4. of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.
An analysis of Croatia's disaster risk management legislation and policy suggests four areas of interest for improvement. Improvement in the Croatian disaster risk reduction system should be focused on (1) battling political disinterest and improving engagement, (2) decision-making authorities, (3) capacity building, and (4) improving risk assessment, developing relevant data with objective and uniform disaster database, both sectorial and local. The conclusion is that while the wording has changed, the disaster risk legislation and practice have not significantly shifted from responding to natural hazard events to reducing vulnerability and increasing resilience. Shifting the focus to dealing with vulnerability and resilience is only possible if overarching disaster risk management legislation is developed and one sole coordinating authority is established, independent of sectorial/hazard-competent organisations and response authorities
Fostering Resilience and Protection: The Role of the Knowledge Hub in Enhancing Critical Infrastructure Security
No full textThe EU-CIP Knowledge Hub is a new initiative aimed at fostering innovation, collaboration,and advancement within the Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) and Critical InfrastructureResilience (CIR) sectors. This platform is designed to serve as a vibrant ecosystem that enablesstakeholders from various fields such as cybersecurity, energy, transportation, andtelecommunications to access and share knowledge, results, services, and infrastructures.Key features of the Knowledge Hub include facilitating access to the latest research findings,technological innovations, and policy initiatives. It aims to engage a network of experts andpeers dedicated to advancing these fields and contributes to shaping the future direction ofrelated initiatives within the EU.The Hub is positioned as a central meeting point that boosts knowledge sharing andcollaborative efforts among all stakeholders, helping them drive innovation, shape policy, andadvance the state of critical infrastructure protection and resilience. The Knowledge Hub alsoemphasizes the socio-economic and environmental impacts of effective critical infrastructureprotection, highlighting the benefits of sustainable practices and the integration of cutting-edgetechnologies like artificial intelligence, blockchain, and IoT.Overall, the EU-CIP Knowledge Hub represents a significant step toward enhancing theresilience and protection capabilities across Europe, fostering a safer and more connectedcommunity
Safety and security of chemical industrial plants
No full textIndustry is the driving force of the economy with which the progress is being made. It plays an important role in the global economy. Rising development of chemical industry is particulary important. In 2022, the total revenue of the chemical industry worldwide was about 5.72 trillion US dollars. The same year, the income of the chemical industry reached the highest value in the last 15 years. The chemical industry converts raw materials (fossil fuels, minerals, metals and water) into various products. Nowadays, it can be considered indispensable. Chemical products are all around us. They can be categorised into the following categories: basic chemicals, pharmaceuticals, specialty chemicals, agricultural chemicals and consumer products. Chemical production and consumption contribute significantly to global employment, trade and economic growth. On the other hand, the impacts of the chemical industry to the environment and human health must also be taken into account. Governments around the world have established guidelines or legislation to determine how to manage the transport, storage, handling, use, consumption and safety of chemicals. International organizations, through conventions and institutions, strive to warn and encourage better and more efficient management of the growing amount of chemicals, and thus of chemical factories. Choosing a suitable site for construction and standards for construction of basic facilities greatly contributes to chemical safety. A major risk in the operation of the plant itself is the human factor. This article will give an overview of risks and challenges chemical industry safety is presented with.
Key words: economy, safety, security, chemical
Introduction
With this article, we will continue to work on the topic that started last year on chemical safety, and we have expanded to the safety of chemical plants. We will present a picture of the processing industry (chemical industry) in the world and the Republic of Croatia. Data from professional scientific literature, articles and papers available on the Internet, various tables and graphs were used, which in the statistical database gave an accurate and detailed description of the industry and its development both in the world and in the Republic of Croatia. We will focus on safety in the chemical industry as well as the importance of the international organization OPCW. Industry is an important factor in the development of humanity, it is known how much it affects people's lives, either directly or indirectly. People are aware that everything around them is "chemistry", all those material things that surround them are largely the work of industry, especially the chemical industry. We must not forget that a large number of people work in the chemical industry, and this means the development and importance of it, and the concept of safety rises to a higher level. The chemical industry in Croatia and the world will be compared, as it has developed throughout history, as it is today. Today's world is digitized, and the ICT industry plays a key role through transformation through digitization and the development of technological solutions, but could it do without the chemical industry?! The international organization (Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), as well as the European Union (European Chemical Agency (ECHA) - by the REACH Regulation (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and restriction of Chemicals), Classification, Labeling and Packaging (CLP), Regulation on Biocidal Products (BPR), Regulation on Prior Informed Consent (PIC), etc., by introducing applicable legislation, they ensure the safety of the worker himself, as well as the people who are in the vicinity of the industrial plant It is important to emphasize the cooperation between all stakeholders in the chemical production process, (international communities, universities, academic communities, etc.). chemical industry, but also safety in its plant.
Work methodology
The methodology of the work explains the subject and goal of the text, shows the structure of the text, the methods and sources used to create this text. Some of the sources that will be used in the work are mostly internet sources: scientific articles, scientific papers, newspaper articles and, to a lesser extent, books. All sources will enable a detailed analysis of the work. We will also use statistical data from the State Statistical Office of the Republic of Croatia, as well as data from "Statista", a global platform for data and business intelligence with an extensive collection of statistics, founded in Germany.
A good infrastructure is essential for the safety and security of chemical plants, and therefore development, which is why it is important to invest in new technologies, which ensure the safety of workers and the environment. Human been is the key in industrial plants and every mistake he makes is a risk for everything else. Through seminars, the OPCW points out the dangers lurking in chemical plants and tries to warn people about the existence of dangers through seminars and articles. Danger also lurks through cyberattacks on chemical plants, which can lead to major unwanted consequences.
Results
We will point out that we cannot do without chemical products, and no one would chemical factories, or to put it that way, it is necessary to take risk factors into account when dealing with such an important plant. It is necessary to include all stakeholders in the entire process, including those outside the plant. It is necessary to create a legislative system that works and enables the best and most efficient production possible. Develop technologies and create new innovations and ideas to prevent accidents. It is necessary to include the ICT sector in chemical plants and in cooperation with them to enable plant safety
Education of civil protection officers in Montenegro - the necessity of systemic reform
No full textThe basis of modern security organizations and the prerequisite for their full functionality is their personnel element. Without a educated, trained and qualified officer, the security services cannot aspire to complete and efficient fulfillment of their basic mission - protection of personal and material security of citizens. In Montenegro, there is no specialized higher education institution for personnel in the security services (police, financial police, prison police, communal police, national security, military police, civil protection, private security, etc.). Officers acquire higher education on their own initiative and independently at faculties in the state and region, without a system of scholarships from the service, most often at universities and faculties that have no points of contact with the narrower field of their profession. In this way, the rule was introduced that the diploma is important, and not acquired and adopted knowledge and competences, and there is no fully developed merit system for advancement, so after graduation enter to the service is mostly external, and for the largest number of jobs, with a general condition - completion of a faculty of social, natural, technical-technological or humanistic sciences. The personnel picture of the protection and rescue system do not deviate from this standard.
In this work, the authors analyze the system of organization and functioning of the civil protection and rescue service at the national and local level in Montenegro, provide an insight into the existing education and training system for the needs of the security services, and provide recommendations in which direction this system should be reformed and adapted to regional and european experiences, by establishing a higher education institution for the needs of training personnel for the security services, in which a special module will be dedicated to the training of personnel for the civil protection system. The study model according to the 3 (basic) + 2 (master) system seems adequate, with the first two years of common subjects, while in the third year there would be a choice of specialization - police, prison police, military police, customs and tax police, communal police, national security, civil protection and private security
Management of the communication process in crisis management
No full textThe crisis management process includes a wide spectrum of interrelated activities before, during and after a crisis event with crucial application of the principles of an effective communication process which includes all stakeholders inside and outside of the organization. The application of the fundamental principles of the communication process is an essential part of strategic organizational planning, which increases organization's resilience and preparedness for the occurrence of different types of crises or unplanned and unwanted events that affect the organization in numerous ways. The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of choosing suitable ways of communication and communication strategies with special reference to the preparation of adequate ways of communication. In this context, a survey will be conducted, the aim of which is to determine the existence of crisis communication systems within an organization and to examine the perception of the importance of respondents on the preparation of adequate ways of communication in crisis situations