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On the Risk Assessment of Slope Collapse along Railroad
Get PDF福井工業大学大学院工学研究科博士(工学)日本では,気象,地形,地質等の自然条件が厳しく,日本各地で毎年のように降雨によ る土砂災害等(以下,降雨災害とする)が発生している.このような状況は鉄道にとっても例 外ではなく,降雨災害は,列車の安全な輸送を阻害する主たる要因の一つである.このた め,東日本旅客鉄道株式会社(以下,JR 東日本とする)では,降雨災害から列車運行の安全を 確保するために,鉄道沿線に配置した雨量計(以下,鉄道雨量計とする)で降雨災害を発生さ せる恐れのある大雨を検知した場合に,運転中止や速度規制といった列車運転規制が行わ れている[1].列車運転規制は,鉄道雨量計の観測値から降雨災害の危険性を評価するため の指標値(以下,災害指標とする)を計算し,あらかじめ定めた運転規制値との比較により, その発令と解除を判断する単純な方法である.この方法は,降雨時の列車運行の安全に大 きな貢献を果たしてきた[2] .しかしながら,運転中止規制が発令されないときに降雨災害 が発生した場合がある.降雨時の列車運転の安全を向上するためには,運転中止規制の発 令前に発生した降雨災害(以下,運転中止前災害とする)の原因を究明し,対策を講じること により降雨災害の発生を見逃さないようにすることが重要である.日本では,気象,地形,地質等の自然条件が厳しく,日本各地で毎年のように降雨によ る土砂災害等(以下,降雨災害とする)が発生している.このような状況は鉄道にとっても例 外ではなく,降雨災害は,列車の安全な輸送を阻害する主たる要因の一つである.このた め,東日本旅客鉄道株式会社(以下,JR 東日本とする)では,降雨災害から列車運行の安全を 確保するために,鉄道沿線に配置した雨量計(以下,鉄道雨量計とする)で降雨災害を発生さ せる恐れのある大雨を検知した場合に,運転中止や速度規制といった列車運転規制が行わ れている[1].列車運転規制は,鉄道雨量計の観測値から降雨災害の危険性を評価するため の指標値(以下,災害指標とする)を計算し,あらかじめ定めた運転規制値との比較により, その発令と解除を判断する単純な方法である.この方法は,降雨時の列車運行の安全に大 きな貢献を果たしてきた[2] .しかしながら,運転中止規制が発令されないときに降雨災害 が発生した場合がある.降雨時の列車運転の安全を向上するためには,運転中止規制の発 令前に発生した災害(以下,運転中止前災害とする)の原因を究明し,対策を講じること により降雨災害の発生を見逃さないようにすることが重要である. しかしながら,運転中止前災害の発生形態やその発生の評価について,これまで,十分 な検討がなされてこなかった.その理由の一つに,運転中止前災害の発生形態の解明にあたって使用する雨量データの確実性・信頼性の問題が挙げられる.災害発生地点に最も近 い雨量観測所のデータを災害発生地点における雨量として扱った場合,実際に災害発生地 点に降った雨と差異が生じることがあるためである[5].また,運転中止前災害は,降雨量 だけでなく,地形,土質等に関する様々な条件が複雑に影響して発生する自然現象である. このような自然現象の複雑性もこれまで検討が十分になされなかった理由の一つとして挙 げられる.doctoral thesi
Effects of Concentration and Thermal Pretreatment of Waste Activated Sludge on Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of concentration (12-15%) and thermal pretreatment (130oC) of the waste activated sludge portion in influent on anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. The experimental results showed that the thermal pretreatment improves volatile solids destruction by several percent and gas production by more than 10 percent. The thermal pretreatment, however, produced more colored substances, which is disadvantageous. On the other hand, the concentration of waste activated sludge was not effective for those major operating parameters, and even made the dewaterability of digested sludge worse. Overall, it is concluded that thermal pretreatment of waste activated sludge can improve the performance of anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge.departmental bulletin pape
Two-Photon Ionization of Diphenylacetylene in the Presence of Cyclodextrin
Get PDFIn this paper, we report an investigation of the two-photon ionization (TPI) of diphenylacetylene (DPA) in the presence of cyclodextrin (CD) by using 266-nm laser pulse irradiation. TPI of DPA within the laser flash (5 ns) generated a radical cation of DPA and hydrated electrons. The ionization quantum yield (Φion) of DPA in the presence of α-CD, β-CD, and γ-CD (1.0 ×10-2 M) were calculated to be 1.8 ± 0.1%, 1.3 ± 0.1 0x0.00000f66282e9p-1022nd 1.0 ± 0.1%, respectively. We suggested that this result induced by the stabilization energy arising from solvation and excimer formation, is due to the CD cavity size. When the concentration of CD was lowered to 1.0 × 10-3 M, the Φion of DPA decreased with the fluorescence lifetime (τ). On the whole, we found that the TPI of DPA in the presence of CD was influenced by the τ, the stabilization energy arising from solvation, and the excimer formation.departmental bulletin pape
Report on Regional Contribution Activities in Sabae City Kawada District
Get PDFThis report is about the revitalization efforts such as regional resources surveys and participation in agricultural experience and nature watching of Kawada region, Sabae City with the cooperation of local organizations and residents. Based on these experiences and surveys, we examined farm stay, the sixth industrialization, and dissemination of traditional ingredients. With the results of these activities, we would like to implement the investigation results and examine tourism that utilizes regional resources.departmental bulletin pape
Development of Iodine and Cesium Collection Technique by Ar Plasma (I)
Get PDFFrom the event of a nuclear plant accident in which the nuclear fuel has been damaged, radioactive iodine gaseous species such as iodine-131 and cesium-137 could be released into the plant environment and nearby. In order to extract these radioactive isotopes from the environment, complicated chemical methods are required. However, in this work, we used an efficient yet less complicated plasma technique to extract iodine and cesium. To improve our measurement accuracy, proper setup of a high-pressure microwave was needed. Temperature of the plasma was one of factors that could significantly affect radioisotope clean-up. In our work, we determined the plasma temperature from the emission spectra of argon (Ar). The procedures started with using Pyrex and quartz tubes under different configurations to determine plasma ignition, which had an igniter (plasma seed) to generate electrons. To identify the atomic spectral emissions from the plasmas, a black comet spectrometer (StellarNet-Inc) was used. The acquired data would then be used to calculate the plasma temperature using Saha's equation.departmental bulletin pape
Practical Report in Project-Based Learning about Promotion of Para-Sports in Fukui
Get PDFThis report summarized one of the content of the PBL (project-based learning)-style seminar that the Sports and Health Science Department is working on. The theme of our PBL seminar is “Promotion of para-sports in Fukui". Specifically, seminar was conducted in the following four stages. First, students conducted preliminary survey for the history and rules of para-sports to deepen understanding about para-sports. Second, students and teachers participated in the flying disc game of the 7thFukui para-sports event to assist in the event. Third, after participating in the event, students discussed the strengths and improvement point of the event on the basis of three perspectives: (1) playing, (2) watching, and (3) supporting. Fourth, they made slides for presentation while considering that they would be in charge of the event the following year. Afterward, students made presentations to staff of the “happy fukui sports association". In such PBL-style seminars for promotion of para-sports, the students could learn perspectives to hold para-sports event and get presentation skills. Future seminar is required on creating a program that students take the initiative in planning new para-sports promotion event.departmental bulletin pape
A Research on Performance Evaluation of Transport Protocols Using Virtual Machines
Get PDFAt present, new transport protocols like MPTCP, SCTP, and CMT-SCTP that can utilize multiple paths over networks have been standardized and implemented on PCs as well as server machines. As there are a large number of parameters having significant effects on the performance of the protocols, a performance evaluation for the cases of various parameters is essential. Although network simulations are traditionally employed for this purpose, available network simulators normally do not cover the new protocols. Another approach is to use real network equipment and PCs, however this requires large equipment costs and labor. This paper proposes performance evaluation using virtual machines on a single PC, where real Linux and FreeBSD operating systems are running on VMware Workstation 14 Player. The new transport protocols are working on these operating systems. It is shown the effectiveness of the proposed approach as well as the comparison of transport protocols by some example experiments.departmental bulletin pape
Report of Educational Activity for Distinctive Human Resource Development in Community Planning Working Group of COC+ Program (PART 2)
Get PDFMEXT(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) is being conducted program for promoting regional revitalization by universities as centers of community(COC+ program) at present. The purpose of COC+ is to make a flow to the regional of "core person" for the regional revitalization. This program is supporting the distinctive university. It was also adopted by COC+ in Fukui prefecture. All four-year university in Fukui prefecture have been tackling COC+ program. Therefore, We'll make a report of its past activities in the community planning working group for fiscal year 2017.Especially introduce the practical workshop worked especially in Takahama town, Fukui Prefecture.departmental bulletin pape
Experimental Study on Structural Performance of Precast Reinforced Concrete Core Wall with Small Shear Span Ratio
Get PDFIn the core wall system in high-rise buildings, precast core walls are effective for construction because they can be built more quickly than cast-in-place core walls. In this study, a lateral loading test was conducted on a wall column simulating the corner and the area near the corner of an L-shaped core wall with small shear span ratio. The wall column was divided into precast columns, and horizontal tied rebars were concentrated at the second floor level and the mid height level of the first story. Based on the results of lateral loading tests, the structural performance of the wall column with small shear span ratio was clarified.departmental bulletin pape
Measures to Increase Blood Donation Participation among University Students in Japan
Get PDFAccording to a recent report, the blood donation population has declined in Japan. We examined the measures required to improve blood donation participation among university students in Japan. The study subjects were classified into three groups based on their frequency of blood donation: “frequently," “no donation in the past year," and “unexperienced." Each group was subjected to different sets of interview questions, and the answers were analyzed using Cochran's Q test. The “frequent" blood donors tended to believe that “my blood is helpful for somebody." Conversely, the other two groups tended not to donate blood owing to busyness reasons. We identified that the number of blood donors can be increased by reducing the waiting time. In addition to this, increasing the number of bloodmobiles may be effective.departmental bulletin pape