IUJ Repository (International Univ. of Japan)
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Agent expression with reciprocal verbs ending in-au
Get PDF接尾辞「あう」がついた相互動詞が述語になっていて、その動作を行なうのが二人のヒトである場合、接尾辞「あう」がつく前の動詞が支配する格が、相互動詞になることによってどのように変化するかをみる。また、元の動詞の直接対象、間接対象が相互動詞になった場合、相互動作の相手になるのか、そうでないのかによって両者間の働きかけに違いがあることもわかった。departmental bulletin pape
Written feedback and revision : Some data from a L1 writing class
Get PDFCommenting on student writing is generally considered to hold a central place in both first (L1) and second language (L2) writing pedagogy. However, despite several decades of research on feedback and response, our understanding of its complex nature is still far from complete, which is due in part to methodological flaws that have made it difficult to compare results across studies. The present study aims to address this by applying a well-developed analytical framework to teacher comments and student revisions collected from a university L1 composition course in the United States. Comments were analyzed according to a framework that included length, textual referent, focus, mode, and salience; revisions were analyzed according to uptake and success. This analysis revealed both general patterns and a substantial amount of variation in the types of comments that the teacher provided as well as the revisions that followed those comments. Some of this variation was clearly associated with contextual factors such as mode of delivery (handwritten versus online commentary), sequencing of assignments and drafts, and individual student factors. It is concluded that teachers may comment more effectively by addressing a limited number of issues on any given draft in greater depth. Moreover, future research on commentary may benefit from both quantitative and qualitative analyses.departmental bulletin pape
Sectoral Decomposition of Regional Income Inequality in Indonesia : A Comparison with Postwar Japan
Get PDFEven after excluding mining activities, which are distributed very unevenly, Indonesia still has very large regional income disparities. By the Theil T index, regional inequalities in per capita GDP and labor productivity after excluding the mining sector were, respectively, 0.14 and 0.16 in 1999. The ratio between the largest and smallest per capita GDP was also very large at 8.2 in 1999. Japan has much smaller regional inequalities in per capita GDP and labor productivity. In the postwar period (1955-2000), Japan's regional inequality in per capita GDP, as measured by the Theil T index, ranged between 0.03 and 0.06. The ratio between the largest and smallest per capita GDP was 3.4 in 1955, but declined to 2.8 in 2000. According to the sectoral inequality decomposition analysis based on the weighted coefficient of variation, Indonesia's present pattern of regional inequalities corresponds to Japan's inequality pattern in the 1950s or before, in which the primary sector had the smallest regional inequality in per capita GDP among the three sectors. In Japan, per capita GDP was about 1,000 in current U.S. dollars and the share of the primary sector was 17% in GDP and 42% in employment after excluding the mining sector in 1997. Japan was successful in reducing its regional inequalities in the 1960s and 1970s, during which secondary and tertiary sectors' inequalities in per capita GDP declined steadily, while primary sector's inequality rose rapidly. In the period, there was a marked shift in GDP from the primary sector to the secondary sector, in which the secondary sector raised its share by more than 10 percentage points. Whether Indonesia could reduce its regional inequality in per capita GDP in the near future as Japan did in the 1960s and 1970s is uncertain.departmental bulletin pape
Report : Learners' use of Japanese in their workplaces
Get PDF日本中で構造改革が進む中、本学もその必要性に迫られており、日本語プログラムを含む様々な分野で人的資源の有効活用と無駄をはぶくことが重要課題となっている。日本語のコースに関しては、本学の英語公用語という特殊な環境ゆえに、「日本語学習が目的で入学したり、日本語能力を就職に役立てたいという学生はありえず、したがって学生の少ない上級日本語コースは無駄である」という意見もある。しかし、このような議論の土台となる共通理解を形成するための基礎資料は十分にあるとは言えず、実のある議論がしにくい状況にある。本報告はこの議論に不可欠と思われるところの卒業後学生が職場で実際に日本語をどのように使用しているかという実態から、日本語コースの有用性を考察するものである。departmental bulletin pape
Issues relating to tasks in foreign language teaching : from the viewpoint of a Japanese language teacher
Get PDF外国語教育でコミュニケーション能力の重視が定着するとともに、「タスク」と呼ばれる授業活動が一般化してきた。第二言語習得（SLA）の研究者の間からは、「タスク」により積極的な価値を与え、それを基本単位として形成された、意味重視の新たなシラバスによる教育（Task・based Instruction, Task・based Language Teaching）が提唱された。シラバスのタイプ、Focus on Form等の論点も含めて、「タスク」に関する研究は20年近く活発に行われてきているが、実際の教育現場での実践は進んでいるとはいえない。本論では、その理由となる問題点を、「タスク」とシラバス作成、教師、タスク研究、シラバス改革、日本語教育の五つの側面から取り出した。今までの「タスク」研究がSLAの理論先行で、現実の教室への関心ず希薄であったことが、現場の教師を納得させられない原因だと考えられる。しかし、最近は、教室を視野に入れた動きも出てきている。departmental bulletin pape
Currency Devaluation and Global Outsourcing
Get PDFThis paper models the production allocation choices of a multinational enterprise (MNE) in a three-country framework -- a northern country and two southern countries. The products made in the southern countries are of lower quality, and have higher substitutability than those between the south and the north. We investigate how exchange rate changes affect production, employment, profits and welfare, and find that currency devaluation from different countries gives a rise to contrasting and unconventional results. In particular, a currency appreciation in the southern country (X) producing the lowest-quality good with the lowest wage may reduce production (employment) in the north, while an appreciation in the other southern currency (Y) always raises production in the north. A northern depreciation against both southern currencies may increase production in country X, but always reduces that in country Y. These arise because the MNE shifts production to minimize costs. Under such global outsourcing, northern welfare always falls following currency appreciation in southern countries.departmental bulletin pape
World Englishes, intercultural communication and a business negotiation module within an English course at IUJ
Get PDFThis paper identifies a tension at IUJ between two types of socio-cultural model of English: standard English and the non-standard World Englishes which many overseas students bring with them to the IUJ campus. Differences in pragmatic conventions mark the most significant differences between the two models. At IUJ, the English for Academic Purposes (EAP) curriculum designers/instructors' attempt to promote awareness of and adherence to the standard pragmatic conventions can run into difficulty because within lUJ's self-contained campus community the large number of students who are not enrolled in English classes tend to be forceful representatives of alternative pragmatic conventions.@@@In the search for a better understanding of the dynamics of of IUJ's multi-cultural student community and the ways in which they affect attitudes to the standard pragmatic conventions, Smith's five senses intercultural communication framework is mapped onto two recurrent stages in the fortunes of the standard pragmatic conventions: the summer recess stage and the regular terms stage. The elegance of the fit between the five senses and the known outcomes of the two stages leads to the decision to utilize the five senses as primary determinants in the design of a standard pragmatics module within one of the EAP courses. This design work, which results in the business negotiation module, is guided by the need to swim with, and not against, the main socio-cultural flows on the campus.departmental bulletin pape
A preliminary research for integratintg SPOT with qualifying test for Japanese language course
Get PDFこの論文はSPOTを国際大学のクオリファイングテストとして何らかの形で使用する可能性を探るための基礎研究である。先行研究として上級コースを対象に行われた竹内（2002）の分析を初級、中級レベルにも行ったものである。初級と中級の成績とSPOTとは相関がかなり見られ、このことはSPOTがクオリファイングテストとして組み込むことが可能なことを示唆しているが、上級での使用には問題がある。departmental bulletin pape
A Square Relationship between Relative Income and Price Levels among Countries
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Exchange Rate Volatility and Exports from East Asian Countries to Japan and the U.S.
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of exchange rate volatility on exports in four East Asian countries (Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, and Thailand). Specifically, this paper aims to determine whether the bilateral real exchange rate volatility between an East Asian country and its trading partner negatively affects the exports of the East Asian country. Considering the dominant roles of the U.S. and Japan as trading partners of those East Asian countries, this paper focuses on the monthly export volumes of East Asian countries to the U.S. and Japan for the period from 1990 to 2001. Except for the case of Hong Kong's exports to Japan, cointegration tests and estimations of error correction models indicate exchange rate volatility has negative impacts on exports either in the short run or in the long-run, or both. On the other hand, manufacturing production indices of importing countries and depreciation of real bilateral exchange rates turn out, in general, to have positive effects on the exports of the East Asian countries examined.departmental bulletin pape