IUJ Repository (International Univ. of Japan)
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Problematizing Depictions of ELT and its Professionals in the Media
Get PDF2010 http://hdl.handle.net/10623/31441 English language teaching (ELT) has become a distinct area of education in its own right, establishing itself as a viable field of employment and career path, one which continues to attract attention and interest. Notwithstanding these developments, ELT and its practitioners are often depicted in the media in a somewhat unflattering and stereotypical manner. ELT is often represented as lower-rung teaching position inhabited by unqualified but well-intentioned native-speakers, who are often lost, misguided and forlorn. What has become clear through the growing literature on this topic (McMorrow, 2005) is the influence of such images can have on the general population, as well as the self-image and identity of teachers who may choose to enter this field. This paper shall present a variety of representations of those who have chosen a career in ELT in a number of media: print, movies, and television. It highlights the possible impact such media images have on the public's perception of English teachers, the career they have chosen, and on teachers' professional identities. This is followed by a discussion of how the effect of these images can be countered through effective and rigorous teacher education and professionalization.departmental bulletin pape
Crisis Management in Social Media and Digital Age: Recall Problem and Challenges to Toyota
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Political Institutions and Public R&D Expenditures in Democratic Countries
Get PDFWhile research and development (R&D) expenditure is crucial in a nation's competitive advantage, factors determining levels of public investment in R&D have yet to be examined. This paper seeks to fill this void, focusing on different democratic institutions such as presidential versus parliamentary systems, majoritarian versus proportional electoral systems, federal versus unitary systems, bicameral versus unicameral legislatures, and the effective number of parties. Using public R&D appropriations data from 18 OECD countries between 1981 and 2007, this article reports that democratic institutions do matter in the levels of public R&D spending. However, the effect is more complicated across the different types and performers of research than expected. Additionally, the effect of one institutional dimension is found to be moderated by the existence of the other dimensions, which makes it clearly more challenging to sort out different degrees and directions of the relationships between R&D expenditures and political institutions.departmental bulletin pape
How Multi-Tasking Job Designs Affect Productivity : Evidence from Australian Coal Mining Industry
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Gender Promotion Differences in Economics Departments in Japan: A Semi-Parametric Duration Analysis
Get PDFBy using a unique data set of academic economists in Japanese universities, we conduct the first detailed study of gender differences in the duration of promotion within Japanese academia. We employ a duration model that simultaneously allows: a non-parametric estimation of the baseline hazard function; a non-parametric unobserved heterogeneity component; and the estimation of parameterized coefficients for the observed explanatory variables. Our results show that there are no gender promotion differences, after controlling for personal, job, institutional, human capital characteristics, and unobserved heterogeneity. Our results contrast with the results of previous studies which consistently report substantial gender promotion gaps within US and UK academia. We show that age and education are the most dominant determinants of the survival probability of promotion to full-professor, with minimal rewards given for higher research output. Although the effect of age is not large enough to warrant the conclusion that promotion within Japanese academia is automatically done based on age as it is commonly believed by Japanese academics, a heavy emphasis on objective factors such as age and education may be one reason for why there are no gender promotion differences.departmental bulletin pape
Improving the Timeliness of Environmental Management Information Systems with Data Crawling Techniques
Get PDFWith global warming taking center stage, it is becoming clear that environmental information plays a critical role for monitoring, educating, and taking control measures. Currently the environmental data are gathered in a somewhat hierarchical system where mostly governments, NPOs and other organizations collect the data and feed in to world organizations for final analysis and monitoring purposes causing considerable time lags. Using crawling methods and accessing data stored in multiple data sources, and storing in an appropriately designed database could be a key to monitor the global warming in a much more comprehensive and timely manner. An automated software agent can be designed to maintain a collection of data sources. Such Environmental Management Information System (EMIS) works like a centralized system extracting data in real time from websites, which can serve as the springboard for various tasks. The objective of this paper is to present a review of existing EMISs and discuss the practicability of using data crawling techniques in EMIS.departmental bulletin pape
Intersubjectivity and control in dyadic dialogic communication
Get PDFThis paper is conceptually motivated by the Vygotskian sociocultural theory. It argues that interlocutors in dyadic conversations do much more than transfer or exchange information; they create states of intersubjectivity and control. The discussion focuses on a discourse analysis of the varying use of personal pronouns in task-based conversations of dyads involving native and non-native speakers of English.departmental bulletin pape
In Which Hospital Situations Does a Non-Japanese Nurse Need Japanese Language Ability? A Case of a Philippino Nurse Assistant
Get PDF日本の医療現場で外国人が働く場合、どのような場面で日本語が必要とされるのか、また、言語的にどのような問題があるのかを調べるため、一人のフィリピン人看護助手と1年間不定期であるが会ってインタビューを行い、働く上での問題点などを聞いた。また二日間職場で行動を共にし、観察を行った。さらに同じ職場の日本人の看護師や看護助手にアンケートを行った。その結果、語学の面では本人が考えている日本語力と、同じ職場の日本人がフィリピン人看護助手に対して抱いている日本語能力にはある程度の違いがあることがわかった。また、医療現場で働く上で漢字が読めることの必要性もわかった。departmental bulletin pape
Primary Study of Leader and Follower Relationship in Asia : Empirical Study on Managers at AEON in Asian Countries
Get PDFThis paper discusses the characteristics of leaders and that of followers as well as the relationship between those characteristics. Review of literature led this study to examine the degree of empowerment held by leaders and Kelley's followership style held by followers in AEON group of companies in Asia, which is one of the largest, leading retail firms in Japan. Based on the characteristics of leaders and followers, this study further examined the correlation between those characteristics. Empirical findings derived from this study led us to generate three propositions regarding of the interaction between leadership and followership. Lastly, we discuss possible influence from specific cultural issues which might influence over the data.departmental bulletin pape
Cyclical Behavior of Unemployment and Job Vacancies in Japan
Get PDFThis paper studies whether the Mortensen and Pissarides (MP) search and matching model can explain the observed labor market fluctuations in Japan. Although the MP model correctly predicts the observed regularities in the cyclical fluctuations of unemployment and job vacancies, it cannot generate the observed unemployment and vacancy fluctuations in response to productivity shock of reasonable size. I incorporate separation shocks and training costs into the MP model, finding that their inclusions do not significantly improve the ability of the model to explain the cyclical volatility of unemployment and vacancies observed in the Japanese labor market. This paper also provides the business-cycle properties of the Japanese labor market.departmental bulletin pape