IUJ Repository (International Univ. of Japan)
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Gender Salary Differences in Economics Departments in Japan
Get PDFBy using unique data about academic economists in Japanese universities, we conduct the first detailed study of gender salary differences within Japanese academia. Despite the common belief among Japanese academics that there cannot be a gender salary gap within the Japanese academia, our empirical results show that female academic economists earn 7% less than comparable males, after controlling for rank and detailed personal, job, institutional and human capital characteristics. The coefficient for the female dummy has almost the same value, regardless of whether rank is included or excluded from the salary equation, suggesting that there is a significant gender salary gap within each rank, but there are no gender differences in rank attainment. Our results contrast with findings from previous studies in the US and in the UK where most of the gender salary differences stem from rank attainment differences. We provide possible explanations for why our results are different. Refereed articles, the most commonly accepted measures of productivity, have no statistically significant effect on salary. The fixed-term employment is associated with 24% lower annual salary and private university has a salary premium of 16%.departmental bulletin pape
Future Prospects of the Garment Industry of Cambodia
Get PDFThis paper examines the impact of the participation of Vietnam to WTO as well as of the abolition of restrictions on Chinese exports of textiles and clothing to the US and EU on the Cambodian Economy, by using a computable general equilibrium model. A seminal aspect of this paper is that this paper has succeeded in constructing a Cambodia specific computable general equilibrium model by using one of the first ever input-output tables of Cambodia with 35 different production sectors. One of our most striking simulation results is that the welfare loss would be about 905 million US dollars when either the amount of exports of apparel products from Cambodia or the amount of imports of textiles to Cambodia decreases by 30 percent caused by the participation of Vietnam to WTO as well as the abolition of restrictions on Chinese exports. Another striking result is that the government should reduce the production tax rate for the apparel sector by 68.1 percent in order to keep the welfare of Cambodia unchanged when exports of apparel products decreases by 30 percent. Our simulation results predict that the Cambodian economy has substantially been damaged by the participation of Vietnam to WTO as well as the abolition of restrictions on Chinese exports to EU and the US.departmental bulletin pape
Adult Chinese-Speaking Learners' Acquisition of Quantifier Clauses with Kanji-one : An Examination Based on Their Compositions
Get PDF母語の転移は、誤用分析の研究から、第二言語習得における主要な要因とは見なされなくなってきたが、迫田(2002)、奥野(2005)に述べられているように、学習者の習得を考えるうえでやはり重要な要素であることは明らかである。張(2001)では、中国語を母語とする日本語学習者の数詞節に関する誤用が挙げられているが、本稿では、張(2007)にあるように、誤用に転移の痕跡を見つける手続きを見直し、日本語と中国語の数詞節についての対照分析による転移の予測を用いて、中国語母語の学習者が書いた作文に予測された転移が現れているかどうかについて検証を行った。その結果、正の転移が予測されたものには誤用が見られず、負の転移が予測されたものについては誤用が見られ、転移の可能性が明らかになった。負の転移については、正用もあり、予測とは異なる形式の使用も見られたが、それには日本語能力のレベルが関与していると考えられ、今後の課題として残した。departmental bulletin pape
Potential Impact of Top Level Domain Name Liberalization on ccTLD
Get PDFThe domain name is an identity which has grown in a number of dimensions along with the exponential growth of Internet. Though early days of Internet saw only a few popular Top Level Domain (TLD) names such as .com and .org, the subsequent demand caused by the commercial and marketing aspects had prompted an explosion of domain name registrations, including country code Top Level Domain (ccTLD) domain names. To complicate the matter are the plans by ICANN that controls the administration of top level domain names to relax the Internet addresses naming rules, at top level as well as 2nd level. After analyzing the domain pricing data collected from a number of domain registrars from 12 countries, this paper examines the dynamics of domain pricing and how such pricing can get affected by new ICANN rules, especially at ccTLD level.departmental bulletin pape
Labor Supply of Japanese Married Women: Sensitivity Analysis and a New Estimate
Get PDFWe conduct a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on the labor supply of Japanese married women using the Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers. We first conduct a detailed sensitivity analysis of the estimates of the wage elasticity to various economic and statistical assumptions used in the past studies. We then provide a new estimate of the labor supply model that simultaneously controls for wage endogeneity, sample selection into labor force as well as the possibly endogenous selection between different segments of the non-linear and often discontinuous budget constraint in a joint maximum likelihood estimation. We reject the assumption of wage exogeneity. The wife's labor market experience appears to be a valid excluded instrument, which validates most of the model specifications in the prior literature. The assumption of no-sample selection bias is rejected. Our new estimate shows that there are notable differences in the labor supply behavior of women who choose different segments of the budget constraint. In particular, the wage elasticity of women who work within the 1.03 million yen ceiling is twice more negative (-1.28) than that of women whose income exceeds the 1.41 million yen ceiling (-0.60). The wage elasticity smaller than -1 for the former type of women suggests that they may be adjusting their hours of work so as to contain their income within the 1.03 million yen ceiling.departmental bulletin pape
Creating Role models for Japanese Learners
Get PDFEnglish classes in Japan are often taught through the medium of Japanese. This sends the message that English is a subject of study rather than a means of communication. A great deal of recent research and pedagogical work has gone into encouraging more classroom English use by Japanese Teachers of English in order to provide positive role models of language use to students. Along with this, other content area faculty members can become role models for students' English success. Results of this study indicate that viewing videos of non-English specialist faculty members using English has a strongly positive effect on students' motivation, confidence and sense of connection to English.departmental bulletin pape
Invasive species management in two-patch environments : Agricultural damage control in the raccoon (Procyon lotor) problem, Hokkaido, Japan
Get PDFWe develop discrete-time models for analyzing the long run equilibrium outcomes on invasive species management in two-patch environments with migration. In particular, the focus is upon a situation where removal operations for invasive species are implemented only in one patch (controlled patch). The new features of the model are that (i) asymmetry in density dependent migration is considered, which may originate from impact of harvesting as well as heterogeneous habitat conditions, and (ii) the effect of density-dependent catchability is well-taken to account for the nature that the required effort level to remove one individual may rise as the existing population decreases. The model is applied for agricultural damage control in the raccoon problem that has occurred in Hokkaido, Japan. Numerical illustrations demonstrate that the long run equilibrium outcomes highly depend on the degree of asymmetry in migration as well as the sensitivity of catchability in response to a change in the population size of invasive species. Furthermore, we characterize the conditions under which the economically optimal effort levels are qualitatively affected by the above two factors and aiming at local extermination of invasive species in the controlled patch is justified.departmental bulletin pape
Using Kansei Engineering with New JIT to Accomplish Cost Advantage
Get PDFIn the present unstable and highly competitive global environment, trying to find a way to stay in business and grow is not always simple. With the shift from a 'product-out' to a 'market-in' approach, the demands of today's consumer for high quality goods and service, has forced producers and service providers to apply quality management practice throughout industry. The purpose of this paper is to explore the new opportunities for the companies to maintain a competitive edge in a market by taking into account psychological and emotional needs of the consumers who are making the purchasing decision based on their psychological and emotional needs called "Kansei" in Japanese. We explore how Kansei Engineering can be used along with New JIT, employed by Toyota, to gain a manufacturing cost advantage. The effect of our approach and cost advantages are demonstrated through a simulated experiment.departmental bulletin pape
A Report on Elementary Course Management in the Tight Constraints of Time
Get PDF標準より少ない時間で初級日本語教科書『げんき』を取り扱う際の、教材の精選と圧縮、予復習と宿題、音声ファイルのオンライン学習システム活用などの様々な工夫の実践を報告し、問題点と改善点を模索する。departmental bulletin pape
Trade Liberalization of the Fishery Industry of Japan
Get PDFThis paper examines the effect of the reduction of an import tariff on the Japanese fishery industry by using a computable general equilibrium model. Being against our common knowledge, our simulations with very realistic conditions show that both of the domestic consumers and the domestic fishery industry can gain by the subsidy (a negative tariff rate) policy, and also that income of the fishery industry would increase by trade liberalization when all possible linkages of economic activities are taken into account within a general equilibrium framework. Our results suggest a possible situation that there is no political conflict between the domestic fishery industry and the domestic consumer.departmental bulletin pape