Madonna University, Nigeria - Open Access Journal System
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EVALUATION OF SOME HEAVY METALS IN PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS IN ENUGU
No full textThe evaluation of some heavy metals, in prostate cancer patients and controls in Enugu, was carried out. Venous blood samples were collected from 72 participants who gave informed consent for this study at Enugu, Nigeria; 36 prostate cancer patients and 36 healthy subjects as controls. Blood heavy elements were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Data from this study were subjected to statistical analysis. Mean, standard deviation, student´s t-test and correlations were determined using a statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). Result shows that, blood Aluminum, Arsenic, Chromium and Lead, were significantly higher (0.03±0.02µg/dl; 0.01±0.01µg/dl, 0.02±0.01µg/dl; 0.02±0.01µg/dl, 0.10±0.04µg/dl; 0.03±0.00µg/dl, 13.77±4.16µg/dl; 11.11±1.37µg/dl, respectively) (p<0.05 in each case) in prostate cancer patients, compared with controls. The blood Al, As, Cd, Cr and Pd levels were significantly higher (p=0.000, p=0.014, p=0.012, p=0.032 and p=0.003 respectively) in prostate cancer patients 0-3years duration compared with prostate cancer patients 4-6 years’ duration. The blood Al, Cd, Cr, Pb and Hg levels were significantly correlated (p=0.024; r=0.377, p=0,081; r=-0.294, p=0.081;r=-0.294,p=0.002;r=-0,503 and p=0.033;r=-0.357 respectively) with free-PSA in prostate cancer patients. From the result of the study, it seems that heavy metals are raised in prostate cancer patients, and thus may play some role in the pathogenesis of the disease
PERSPECTIVE OF COVID 19 HESISTANCY
No full textCovid 19 vaccine hesitancy is when there is delay in acceptance or refusal of Covid 19 vaccine despite availability of the services. Indeed it is caused by complex and context specific varying across time, place and vaccines. Covid 19 vacine hesitancy could be linked to misinformation and conspiracy theories which are often times disseminated online, including through social media such as whatsapp, facebook etc. Lack of trust in the manufacturing and country of production of vaccines, vaccine technology, the pharmaceutical industry, government, and public health bodies have worsen the issue of covid 19 vaccine hesitancy
A REVIEW ON FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HPV VACCINATION IN AFRICA
No full textHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. It is estimated that 75% of sexually active men and women will acquire HPV infection in their lifetime. HPV infections are most prevalent in young adults, as sexual risk behaviors are greatest in this age group. The comprehensive search strategy with the help of an information from google scholar, web of science, scopus, pubmed central, semantics, LiveDNA, etc was done. The review highlight the need for the development of additional interventions and policies to improve vaccination among SMs. Recently, researchers and clinicians have called for policy to make HPV vaccination mandatory among service members. In the absence of such a policy, however, interventions should be developed to aid in improving HPV vaccination rates. The highlight specific groups of service members that could be targeted through such interventions. A number of both individual and community factors were significantly associated with HPV vaccination. The Odds of HPV vaccination were higher among girls age; 11, 13, and 14 compared to girls age 10 years, attending school compared to girls not attending school, who were; foreigners, Iteso, Karamajong, Banyoro, Basoga, and other tribe compared to Baganda, living in families with 1–8 members compared to those living in families with
9 or more members and middle social economic status compared to poor wealth quintile. There is no comprehensive systematic review that has assessed interventions to improve HPV vaccination coverage across all country income categories. These limitations justify the need for a comprehensive systematic review on the interventions to improve HPV vaccination coverage
ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS AND PREDICTORS OF ADHERENCE TO HEALTHCARE OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS IN TERTIARY HEALTH INSTITUTIONS IN ENUGU STATE
No full textSurvival of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has increased since the emergency of High active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996. The study was aimed to analyse the factors and predictors of adherence of people living with HIV/AIDS in tertiary health institutions in Enugu state. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study design. The study population consisted of those diagnosed for HIV / AIDS at tertiary health institutions in Enugu State. The total numbers of clients enrolled were 793 and 249 clients were loss to follow up, majority was males. Those initiated on ART were 544. Clients of age <15 years were excluded and they were 31 clients. Finally, 500 clients were selected, males were 138 and female were 362 by simple random sampling techniques. Data was collected from HIV / AIDS patients ART record cards, registers and institutions data units for those initiated on ART in 2014 using a designed proforma. Those clients aged 15 years and above were retrospectively studied between the year 2014- 2018 and some of them that survived after five years (60 months) on ART were interviewed by applying simple random sampling technique. Cohort inclusion begins at initiation on ART with follow-up clinical information collected year by year for five years. IBM SPSS statistics version 24.0 was used. Chi square test was used to assess association between categorical variables and the level of statistical significance of the proportions was determined by a P-value less than 0.05. Manual content analysis was used for the interview and probability of dying and surviving analysis. Adherence was statistically significant, p<0.001 among
clients who had obtained tertiary 105 (92.1%) and secondary, 124 (57.7%) education, who lived within the state with the place of care, 234 (76.0%), and those retired, 12 (63.2%) and the unemployed, 46 (61.3%). None missing of ART intake (100%), lack of stigmatization (66.7%), urban residence (66.7%), having employment (75%), and middle class wealth index (58.3%) were discovered as factors responsible for the survival of those under care after five years of study. Financial constraints, occupational and educational factors and stigmatization were the major reasons accounting for non-adherence which could affect PLWHA. Implementing policies and programmes that will involve the contribution of local government councils are recommended to assist those in rural areas
Inflation and Manufacturing Output in Nigeria
No full textOver the years, the government of Nigeria has made several efforts to develop the manufacturing sector, yet the sector has continued to perform poorly, becoming increasingly weaker presumably on account of inflationary pressures accompanying the import of manufactured goods. This work is therefore aimed at investigating the impact of inflation on the manufacturing sector output in Nigeria using time series data obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), World Bank Development Indicators (WDI) and World Economic Organization (WEO). The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound test approach was adopted. The result revealed that inflation rate was correctly signed and thus had a negative effect on the manufacturing sector output, although this proved to be statistically insignificant. The paper recommended that government should encourage investors in local raw materials through direct incentives, and overhaul access to credit for the productive sector particularly the manufacturing sector.
Keywords: Manufacturing Output, Inflation rate, Exchange rate, Sectoral credit allocation.
JEL: E31 O1
INCIDENCE OF HAEMOPHILIA A AND HAEMOPHILIA B DEFICIENCY AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN IN CALABAR SOUTH
No full textFactor viii and factor ix are key factors in the intrinsic clotting cascade and their incidence of deficiencies varies substantially by country and limited information is available in some regions, as in Nigeria and Calabar south, cross River State where this study is carried out. The primary objective of this study is to determine the activity of factor viii and factor ix and their deficiencies among school children in Calabar south metropolis. Three government primary schools were selected which includes: government Primary Schools, Myne Avenue, Government Primary School, Anantiglia and government Primary School, Atu. A total of 120 pupils were examined with 40 pupils from each of the primary schools. Out of the 120 pupils examined 74 pupils were male while 46 pupils were females. The age range of the pupils was between 4-13 years) 4.5mls of whole blood was collected from each of the pupils through veinepuncture into a trisodium citrate container with 0.5mls volume of trisodium citrate. The samples were spun and the plasma was separated which was then transported to Federal Medical Centre) Owerri where it was analyzed. It was observed that out of the 74 pupils that were male, 56 pupils were within the age range of 4-8years while 18 pupils were within the age range of 9-13years. In the female category, 32 pupils were within the age range of 4-8years while 14 pupils were within the range of 9-13years. Out of the 56 male pupils within the age range of 4-8years, 2 pupils were deficient for factor viii, giving a percentage incidence of 3.5% and giving an overall incidence of 1. 6% out of the 120 pupils, 3 pupils out of the 56 male pupils within the age range of 4-8years were also deficient for factor ix with a percentage incidence of 5.3 %, one female out of the 32pupils within the age range of 4-8years was also deficient for factor ix, with a percentage incidence of 3.1%. This also gave an overall 3.3 % incidence for factor ix deficiency. The results observed from this study will serve as a form of documentation for the prevalence of factor viii and ix deficiencies in this study area
AN UPADTE ON INTERLEUKIN 6 AND IRON STATUS OF VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS
No full textCytokines are released at the site of inflammation and facilitate an influx of lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, and other cells that participate in the clearance of the antigen and healing. The local inflammatory response is accompanied by a
systemic response known as the acute phase response. Interleukin-6 is produced in larger amounts than any other cytokine in relation to exercise. IL-6 in response to long duration exercise is independent of muscle damage, whereas muscle damage as such is followed by repair mechanisms including invasion of macrophages into the muscle leading to IL-6 production. Interleukin 6 has a great association with iron through the regulatory mechanisms of hepcidin. The review used different research search engines such Google scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Clarivate analytics, etc. It was revealed the interleukin 6 and iron levels were raised in the volleyball players after playing due to inflammation of the muscles. Interleukin 6 and iron should be monitored in those playing volleyball
PREVENTION OF NEW CASES OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS: PRAGMATIC APPROACHES OF SAVING LIFE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
No full textHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a major Public Health burden to the world despite all efforts to eradicate the menace. New cases of HIV are increasing rapidly especially in the developing world. Pragmatic preventive measures are necessary to reduce the scourge. Prevention of HIV has remained the best approach to the control of the spread of HIV as there is no definitive cure yet. More sensitization and education are needed in the many sectors of the society to help educate the public on ways of preventing HIV infection and spread to arrest new cases of such infection and obtain improved health status of the society which will reduce cost for the government and non-governmental organisations
How Does Public Debt Affect Unemployment in Nigeria
No full textThe study examined the impact of disaggregated debt components on unemployment in Nigeria covering the period 1992 to 2020. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method was used on account of the outcome of stationarity tests of the times series data. The result showed a highly positive and significant relationship between unemployment and external debt. The recommendations include that a fundamental consideration for any future public borrowing should be its employment generation capacity. An employment generation benchmark needs to be established for all future borrowing, in recognition of the principle that where no new employment can be generated, existing ones should not be endangered.
Keywords: external debt, OLS, ARDL, unemployment.
JEL: E24 H63 H81 J6
ACUTE MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA: A REVIEW
No full textAcute myelomonocytic leukaemia is a form of acute myeloid leukemia that involves a proliferation of CFUGM myeloblasts and monoblasts. More specific symptoms are bruises and/or (excessive) bleeding, coagulation disorders (DIC), neurological disorders and gingival hyperplasia Acute myelomonocytic leukaemia (AML-M4) is a common type of pediatric AML. However, the condition is rare. Children with AML-M4 carrying the inv abnormality have a better prognosis
Keywords: acute myelomonocytic leukaemia, Leukaemia, bleeding, DI