Madonna University, Nigeria - Open Access Journal System
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EVALUATIONOF TRACE ELEMENTS IN SICKLE CELL ANAEMIA PATIENTS ATTENDING IMO STATE SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, OWERRI
No full textThis work was carried out to evaluate the levels of trace elements among sickle cell anaemia patients attending Imo State Specialist Hospital, Owerri. Thirty subjects were recruited which include fifteen sickle cell anaemia subjects and fifteen apparently healthy individuals which served as control subjects. Five mililitres of blood sample was collected from the ante-cubital vein of each of the subjects, the serum was separated and used for analysis. The samples were analyzed for serum zinc, copper and iron levels using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The results obtained were statistically analyzed using independent t-test of SPSS version 21. Test with the probability of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study showed that sickle cell anaemia subjects had significantly lower (P < 0.05) serum copper level (75.85±6.05 μg/dl) than apparently healthy individuals (87.15±10.84 μg/dl). The serum zinc level of the sickle cell anaemia group (70.95±6.33 μg/dl) was also significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of the control group (78.40±6.49 μg/dl). On the other hand, there was no statistical difference (P>0.05) between the serum iron level of sickle cell anaemia subjects (92.65±10.51 μg/dl) and that of the control group (93.10±11.06 μg/dl). In conclusion, lower level found in copper and zinc was due to reduced reabsorption and disturbed metabolism due to sickling of red cells which can lead to severe complications
PARASITOLOGICAL STUDY OF PALM OF MADONNA UNIVERSITY STUDENTS ELELE CAMPUS RIVERS STATE
No full textThe aim of this work is to isolate parasites found on the palm of students of Madonna University Elele Rivers State.100 palm swab was collected randomly from the palm of Male and female students (60 from males and 40 from females) of Madonna University Campus Elele Rivers State. Sterile swab stick was used to swab the surface of the palm of the students and was aseptically transferred to the laboratory for analysis, analysis was done using the direct microscopic method of analysis . The result was expressed in percentage and SPSS version 20 was used to carry out the statistical analysis. Data were presented as percentage and t-test. The result obtained from this study revealed that 9 % of the 100 palms examined had parasite cysts/oocysts/eggs. The results was also compared according to their location, boys hostel had a prevalence of 5 (8.3%0 while girls hostel had a prevalence of 4 (10%). In boys hostel prevalence of Ascarislumbriciodes2 (50%), Entamoeba histolytica 1(33.3%)Gardialambia1 (50%) was observed while in girls hostel had prevalence ofAscarislumbriciodes2 (50%),Entamoebahistolytica2(66.6%)Gardialambia1 (50%)
EVALUATION OF C-REACTIVE PROTEINS IN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA (BPH) SUBJECTS
No full textThis study was carried out to evaluate the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) subjects in General Hospital Bwari, FCT Abuja, Nigeria.A total of fifty (50) subjects were recruited in this study. Twenty five (25) BPH subjects served as test and twenty five (25) apparently healthy subjects served as control. Fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) method for quantitative evaluation of CRP was used in this assay. The data generated from this study was statistically analysed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 21.0 for windows. The result showed thatthere was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the mean concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) (mg/L) in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) subjects (6.92 ± 3.62) when compared with apparently healthy subjects (5.24 ± 3.63). Hence, C-reactive protein cannot be used as a marker for the diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Sample size determination as an important statistical concept in Medical research
No full textSample size is one of the important considerations at the planning phase of medical research, but researchers are often faced with difficulties of calculating valid sample size. Many researchers frequently use inadequate sample size and this invariably introduces errors into the final findings. Many reviews on sample size estimation have focused more on specific study designs which often present technical equations and formula that are boring to statistically naïve medical researchers. Hence, this paper reviews on sample size estimation formula may provide basic understanding and principles to achieve valid sample size estimation
Heavy Metal Contamination of Pharmaceutical Products commonly sold in Nigeria
No full textThe study evaluates the contamination by heavy metals of pharmaceuticals commonly used in Nigeria. Pharmaceutical samples in sixteen pharmacological groups in different dosage forms were purchased from registered pharmacies and patent medicine shops from Abraka and Obiaruku in Delta State, Nigeria. The samples were digested using a bi acid mixture of HNO3 and HCIO4 in the ratio of 6:1 and analyzed using the Atomic Absorption spectrometer (AAS) for the presence of lead, chromium, cadmium, zinc, nickel, manganese, iron, copper and cobalt. The result reveals significant contamination by all the metals investigated with the exception of copper and cobalt. The contamination may be attributed to wear and tear of manufacturing machinery, contamination from water, packaging and raw materials. It is recommended that machinery used for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals should be well maintained and replaced were necessary and strict adherence to good manufacturing practice (GMP) as required by regulatory agencies
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF TWO VARIATIONS OF QIAGEN EXTRACTION PROCEDURE ON PCR AMPLIFICATION IN LASSA FEVER DIAGNOSIS IN OWO
No full textLassa fever, also known as Lassa hemorrhagic fever, is an acute and often fatal viral hemorrhagic fever. It is caused by the Lassa virus, which is an enveloped RNA virus from the Arenavirus family of viruses. The purpose of this study was to compare two different methods of Qiagen extraction in respect to their IC values, GPC and L gene Ct Values for Lassa fever diagnosis. Seventy Three (73) samples which were previously analyzed positive for Lassa virus and stored under appropriate storage condition at the Molecular Laboratory, Federal Medical Center, Owo, Ondo state was used for the study. Data obtained were analyzed using Sample T-test and graphical correlation. Sample T-test was used to compare differences in mean and relationship between methods were represented graphically. The study showed that data for GPC-Gene Cycle Threshold between the two methods was not statistically significant (p=0.393). On the other hand, data obtained for IC-1 for G gene, L- Gene Cycle Threshold and IC-2 for L gene was statistically signification (p=0.000). There was a positive correlation between values obtained using method 1 and 2 for the GPC gene (r, 0.686), IC for the GPC gene (r, 0.486) and IC2 for L-gene (r, 0.705) and negative, but weak correlation for the L-gene(r, -0.161). This study has shown that two variations of Qiagen Extraction procedure could be used for Lassa fever diagnosis because it gives comparable yield with PCR amplification
HAEMATOLOICAL PARAMETERS AND ABSOLUTE NEUTROPHIL TO LYMPHOCYTE RATIO IN MALES AGED 15-20 YEARS
No full textStudies on neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio have grown recently following the discovery of their immense values in production and prognosis of many medical conditions. It was the desire of the study to establish a range for our environment. NLR is an implication by biomarker that can be used as indicator of systemic inflammation. It is calculated by dividing the absolute neutrophils by the absolute lymphocytes using peripheral samples but sometimes also from cells that infiltrates issues such as tumor. Samples were collected from 268 apparently healthy males aged (15-20years) their absolute neutrophil to lymphocyte counts were established using Mindray three- part differential machine of the ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte, the calculated of the normal range is statistically determined. The result shows differences in the standard range it was compared. The result revealed that the mean divided by standard deviations (SD) value for NLR in Owerri Imo state was 1.10 ± 1.61
Inequality of monitoring in Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Tuberculosis and Malaria: A Review
No full textThe spread of diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis and HIV has largely stalled over the past decade in under-resourced and poorly-educated regions. In contrast, these diseases are greatly suppressed in urban areas with access to adequate education and income. This indicates that unequal surveillance is a major obstacle on the way to eradicating the above diseases. This is further substantiated by the relevant data in this paper, which reviews the most recent empirical evidence of a large number of health indicators (including knowledge, practice, recruitment and detection), prevention and treatment), gender, age, educational attainment, economic status, and location for subgroups of 186 countries
Under-nutrition among HIV-exposed Uninfected Children: A Review of African Perspective
No full textThere is a strong link between HIV and malnutrition. Malnutrition rates among HIV-infected children are reported to be high in most African countries. Under-nutrition or inadequate nutrition in HIV-exposed individuals increases the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV because all aspects of immune function are suppressed. High rates of malnutrition among HIV-infected children have been reported in sub-Saharan Africa. Child age is an important factor influencing the nutritional status of HIV-infected children. Poor maternal/caregiver education is an indicator of malnutrition in HIV-exposed children. Marital status of primary caregivers has been described as one of the factors influencing the nutritional status of children. Low maternal income is associated with malnutrition in HIV-infected and uninfected childre
Trade Openness and Agricultural Export In Nigeria
No full textThis work examined the impact of trade openness on Nigeria’s agricultural products exports for the period 1970 to 2018. Using ARDL methodology, the analysis revealed that in the long run trade openness had a positive but statistically insignificant effect on agricultural export while in the short run its effect was positive but significant. Based on such outcome, it was recommended amongst others that government should adopt selective trade barriers to allow the agricultural sector benefit from openness to trade.
Keywords: trade openness, agricultural exports, auto regressive distributive lag.
JEL: F19 F50 Q1