Madonna University, Nigeria - Open Access Journal System
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EVALUATION OF PROTEIN C, PROTEIN S AND FIBRINOGEN OF PREGNANT WOMEN WITH MALARIA IN OWERRI METROPOLIS
No full textThis study was performed to evaluate protein C, protein S and fibrinogen levels in pregnant women with malaria in Owerri Metropolis. The study was carried out at the Owerri, Federal Medical Center in Imo, Nigeria. A total of 600 subjects from 1845 years of age were recruited for the study. The study included 300 pregnant women with malaria and 300 pregnant women without malaria who visited the Federal Health Center's Owerri, Maternity Hospital. Five milliliters (5 ml) of venous blood was obtained from each participant using standard venipuncture and placed in a simple serum collection container. The results showed an increase in protein C (P = 0.000), a decrease in fibrinogen (P = 0.000) and no significant difference in protein S (P = 0.309) in pregnant women with malaria compared with women with malaria. Pregnant women do not have malaria. This study showed that protein C increased, fibrinogen decreased, and protein S remained unchanged. Pregnant women with malaria studied may show changes in these regulatory clotting proteins
BLOOD PRODUCTS IN BLOOD BANKING: PREPARATION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
No full textBlood transfusion is a common procedure in which donated blood or components are given through an intravenous line, it is administered to replace blood and components that may be too low. Blood transfusion provides blood or components to people who has lost them due to injury, surgery or have certain medical conditions that affect blood or its components. Blood comes from donors, blood banks and health care providers ensure transfusions are safe, low risk treatment. Whole blood and many blood products transfusion is the cornerstone of therapy for many serious and common diseases like Anaemia, coagulopathies, thrombocytopenia, prolonged neutropenia. Both in the past and present, transfusion of blood and it products has been a lifesaving procedure especially its ability to increase oxygen carrying capacity and till date there hasn’t been any replacement for blood
MALARIA VACCINE: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES
No full textMalaria is a life-threatening disease caused by the plasmodium genus, malaria can cause a range of symptoms and life –threatening complications so an early diagnosis is crucial. In many parts of the world, the parasites have developed resistance to a number of antimalarial drugs. Interventions control the spread malaria has been embarked on over the years, such interventions include the use of herbs, and insecticide treated nets, covering or oiling the surface of open water source, treatment with artemisinin-based combination therapies. The most recent intervention is the malaria vaccine just approved by the World Health Organization known as RTS, S(ASO1). This vaccine confers immunity to children between 2-18 months. Before the approval of the malaria vaccine various clinical trials had been embarked on to demonstrate the variable safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine. In this review, we summarised the latest research progress in combating the spread of malaria, life cycle of malaria, pathogenesis of malaria, the prospects and challenges of the newly released malaria vaccine
EVALUATION OF PLATELETS AND SOME INFLAMMATION MARKERS OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYELOID LEUKAEMIA IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN UGANDA
No full textThe study was done to determine paltelets and some inflammation markers of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia in a tertiary hospital in Uganda. The study was done in Ishaka Uganda at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Ishaka, Uganda. The study adopted hospital based cross-sectional design where patients who attended the hospital with acute myeloid luekaemia (AML) were selected for the study on purposive sampling technique and the haematological variables evaluated with the apparently healthy individuals. The ages of the patients were below 25 years. A total of eighty (80) subjects comprising forty (40) acute myeloid patients and forty (40) apparently healthy subjects were recruited for the study using purposive sampling technique. The data were analysed using student t-test and present as mean ± standard deviation using SPSS version 20 and level of significance set at P<0.05. The results showed decrease in platelets (P=0.017), lymphocytes (P=0.047), neutrophils (P=0.009), NLR (P=0.005) and PLR (P=0.007), increase in PDW (P=0.007) and no significant difference in MPV (P=0.151) and PCT (P=0.057) of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia compared to the apparently health subjects respectively. The study revealed decrease in platelets, lymphocytes, neutrophils, NLR and PLR, increase in PDW and no significant difference in MPV and PCT of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia
Serum Markers of Iron Status and Β2 Microglobulin in Patients with Incident Hypertension.
No full textPrior studies have associated B2 microglobulin with cardiovascular disease. The cross-sectional study, aimed at determining the level of B2microglobulin and markers of iron status in patients with incident hypertension, was conducted in the month of July 2021 and all eligible subjects who filled the questionnaire and gave written informed consent for the study period were enrolled. A total of 150 subjects (comprising of 50 male hypertensive patients, 50 female hypertensive patients and 50 normotensive subjects were recruited randomly for the study. Their blood pressures are determined. Blood samples collected were also used in the assay of iron, ferritin, total iron-binding capacity and B2microglobulin using standard laboratory procedures. All data obtained in the study were analyzed using student t-test (spss.21) and Pearson correlation coefficient. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. The mean value of systolic blood pressure was significantly increased (p=0.006) in patients with incident hypertension (120.81±5.34) mmHg when compared to normotensives (113.30±5.83) mmHg. The mean value of diastolic blood pressure was significantly increased (p=0.008) in patients with incident hypertension (80.82±4.53) mmHg when compared to normotensives (75.20±4.05) mmHg. Β2M was significantly increased (p=0.007) in patients with incident hypertension (3.08±0.49) ng/ml compared to normotensives (2.50±0.27) ng/ml. Haemoglobin and Iron concentrations were significantly reduced (p=0.006), (p=0.070) in patients with incident hypertension (10.83±0.78) g/dl, (105.28±23.19)μg/dl when compared to normotensives (12.941±0.86)g/dl, (122.78±17.94)μg/dl respectively. The mean values of ferritin and TIBC were significantly increased (p=0.381), (p=0..562) in patients with incident hypertension (120.22±24.35)ng/ml, (303.79±14.37)μg/dl when compared to normotensives (110.37±26.04)μg/dl, (299.68±17.54)μg/dl. There was a non significant negative correlation of Β2M with Hb, iron and ferritin (r=-0.41, p=0.207; r=-0.02, p=0.963 and r=-0.28, p=0.399). There was a non-significant positive correlation of Β2M with TIBC (r=-0.19 p=0.574). From the study, Incident hypertension is associated with a significant increase in B2microglobulin level, and a significant decrease in haemoglobin concentration, but there was no significant association between incident hypertension and iron status. An increase in B2microglobulin infers inflammatory activities which may predispose victims to cardiovascular diseases.
Keywords: serum markers, iron status, β2 microglobulin, hypertensio
Histomorphological Effects of DaucursCarota Extract on Dispirin Induced Kidney Damage in Albino Rats
No full textThis study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of extract against dispirin induced renal toxicity in albino rats. The histological effect of consumption of Daucurscarota root extract on the kidney of albino rats was carried out. The albino rats were divided into five groups. Each group consists of 5 albino rats. Group A serves as control while group B, C, D and Ereceiveddispirin 80 mg/kg/day, 50mg, 100mgand 200mg/kg body weight per day of Daucurscarota extract respectively for a period of 28 days. Serum samples from each rat were subjected to biochemical analysis for kidney functions, while kidney biopsies were also investigated by histological examination. Dispirin significantly increased serum creatinine, urea, (p < 0.05). Moreover, dispirin induced significant histological and ultrastructural alterations in the renal tissues of the rats. The exposure to Daucurscarota extract did attenuate the dispirin-induced toxicity in renal tissues. These results suggest that Daucurscarota extracts have significant protective role against dispirin-induced renal toxicity
EVALUATION OF PROTEIN C, PROTEIN S AND FIBRINOGEN OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN OWERRI METROPOLIS
No full textThis study was performed to evaluate the levels of protein C, protein S and fibrinogen in pregnant women in the municipality of Owerri. The study was conducted at the Owerri Federal Medical Center in Imo, Nigeria. A total of 400 subjects from 1845 years of age were recruited for the study. The study included 300 pregnant women and 300 non-pregnant women who attended the Owerri Federal Medical Center Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. Five milliliters (5 ml) of venous blood was obtained from each participant using standard venipuncture and placed in a simple serum collection container. The results showed an increase in protein C (P= 0.015) and protein S (P = 0.014), with no significant difference in fibrinogen (P = 0.729) in pregnant women compared with non-pregnant women. .. Pregnancy has been shown to have an effect on protein C and protein S levels, but not on fibrinogen levels
EVALUATION OF COAGULATION PROFILE PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AND HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS IN OWO, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
No full textHIV continues to be a major global public health issue, HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system, such as helper T cells (specifically CD4+T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells. Loss of CD4 cells leads to the development of serious illnesses, or ‘opportunistic infections’. Active infection of tuberculosis (TB) occurs more often in people with HIV/AIDS as opportunistic infection. The aim of this research was to compare Prothrombin time test (PT) and Partial thromboplastin time with kaolin in HIV and Tuberculosis patients. Two hundred participants at FMC Owo were enrolled into this study. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the PT and PTTK of HIV positive and TB positive subjects including Co-infected HIV and TB subjects when compared with apparently healthy individuals, There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the prothrombin time of HIV positive subjects when compared with TB positive subjects. This study revealed that HIV and TB affects haemostasis by prolongation of Prothrombin time test (PT) and Partial thromboplastin test with kaolin (PTTK). Treatment strategies targeting haemostasis and endothelial activation may be of interest for evaluation in patients with HIV, TB and HIV-tuberculosis co-infection who continue to have an unacceptably high mortality rate
Aging Population and Its Effect On The Nigerian Economy
No full textThis study examined the effect of aging population on Nigeria’s economy from 1985 to 2018. An Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was formulated to establish the relationship between aging population and its effects on Nigeria’s economy Secondary data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical bulletin was used for the study. The findings revealed a significant relationship between old age dependency ratio and per capita GDP; also, it was found that health care and public pension expenditures significantly impact per capita GDP in Nigeria. National Aging policy and a review of public health care expenditures were called for. In particular, the need to reorganise health care expenditure to reflect a positive relationship with economic welfare was recommended.
Keywords: Aging population, Dependency Ratio, ARDL
JEL: J26 O4
EVALUATION OF ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS (ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN, ERYTHROCYTE, SEDIMENTATION RATE AND LEUCOCYTES COUNTS IN VIRAL HEPATITIS PATIENTS IN ABA
No full textThis research focuses on the acute phase proteins (alpha-fetoprotein, erythrocyte, sedimentation rate and leucocytes counts in viral hepatitis patients in Aba. 100 subjects (male and female) were used for the subjects HBV, HCV 70 hepatitis subjects and 30 non-hepatitis subjects used as the control. The level of alpha fetoprotein was determined using microplate Enzymes Immunoassay method and some Hematological parameters; the Alpha-fetoprotein (6.42 ± 0.12), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (16.8 ± 0.88) and Leucocyte count (9.87 ± 0.33) were increased in viral hepatitis were significantly increased when compared with the control of (4.00+ 0.15) respectively (P<.0.05). ESR and WBC count was increased in viral hepatitis patients when compared with the control the use of alpha-fetoprotein, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and Leucocytes count could be an important diagnosis and evaluation, and therapeutics management of viral hepatitis patients