Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART): Legal Framework for Surrogate Parenting under Islamic Law
No full textWhen a man and a woman enter matrimonial relationship, it is expected that the union will procreate and raise children. So many marriages have fall-short of this expectation, making the life of couple miserable. To assist couple overcomes such misery, biotechnology came up with certain innovations through assisted reproductive technologies (ART), and surrogacy is one of them. Couple makes surrogate arrangement when conceiving a child is medically impossible or when it is deemed dangerous to the to-be mother. Surrogate parenting also allows post-menopausal women or unproductive women, career women, etc become mothers and bear children, even though they have no heritable relationship to the child. Under Islamic Law, family bond, matrimonial relations, and parent and child connection are very crucial when discussing surrogate parenting. The permissibility or otherwise of surrogacy is dependent on the interpretation and application of Islamic principles to the circumstances, thus, Muslim Jurist have divergent views on the issue. Adopting the doctrinal research methodology, this paper underscores the legal, moral, ethical, and religious challenges involved in surrogate parenting under Islamic law. The paper argued that although this scientific breakthrough raises hope to barren women that they too can be productive, the altering of human nature gives rise to several issues that are beyond human comprehension and with far-reaching consequences under Islamic law. The paper concluded that the acceptability of surrogate parenting under Islamic Law is subject to conditions that it does not infringe the sacredness of matrimonial relation and preservation of lineage.
Young Lawyers and Challenges of Pupillage in Nigeria
No full textPupillage represents the period of practical training that follows academic qualifications of young lawyers. It aims to bridge the gap between theoretical study and practical legal skills. It is an essential phase in the professional development of legal practitioners in Nigeria. Pupillage is aimed to uphold the integrity, competency, and ethical standards of the legal profession. It is an essential phase in the legal profession, serving as a bridge between academic study and practical application. In Nigeria, pupillage allows young lawyers to acquire hands-on experience, refine their skills, and familiarize themselves with the ethical obligations required to succeed in the legal profession. Given the rigorous demands of legal practice, pupillage has become a crucial element for new legal practitioners; helping them transition effectively from theory to practice under the supervision of experienced legal professionals. Despite its significance, pupillage remains an under-explored and often unstructured aspect of the Nigerian legal system. Unlike jurisdictions such as the United Kingdom, where pupillage is formally mandated and structured, Nigeria lacks a standardized framework. This creates varied experiences for young lawyers, with some benefiting from structured training while others navigate the legal terrain with minimal guidance. This article provides an in-depth look into the challenges faced by young lawyers in the course of pupillage in Nigeria. Such challenges include but are not limited to low remuneration and financial hardships, inadequate structured mentorship and supervision, limited access to practical experience and court exposure, unreasonable work hours and excessive workload, lack of defined pupillage programs across law firms, ethical and professional challenges and limited opportunities for professional networking
EXTENT OF PROVISION OF INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES AND PHYSICAL FACILITIES IN THE BUSINESS EDUCATION CURRICULUMIN SELECTED TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN SOUTH EAST, NIGERIA
No full textThe study investigated the extent of provision of instructional resources and physical facilities in business education (OTM) programme in selected tertiary institutions in South East, Nigeria. . Two research questions guided the study and two null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised 110 business education OTM lecturers in public tertiary institutions in South East, Nigeria. The entire population was used as the sample size for the study. The instrument for data collection was a validated structured questionnaire developed by the researcher. The test of reliability of the instrument using Cronbach Alpha yielded coefficient values of 0.85 and 0.88 for clusters 1 and 2 respectively. The mean value was used to answer the research questions while the standard deviation was used to ascertain the homogeneity or otherwise of the respondents’ responses. t-test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of the study revealed, among others, that instructional resources and physical facilities are provided in the business education (OTM) programme in tertiary institutions in South East, Nigeria to a low extent. Based on these findings, the researcher recommended, among others, that Government at all levels should increase the budget allocation for instructional resources, such as workbooks, digital projectors and computers, to improve the quality of educatio
LECTURERS PERCEPTION ON EMERGING CHALLENGES OF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS FOR SUCCESSFUL INSTRUCTION OF BUSINESS EDUCATION IN DELTA STATE UNIVERSITY, ABRAKA
No full textArtificial Intelligence (AI) continues to create new paths in the profession of teaching globally, strengthening the routes required to regulate tasks, enhance efficiency, and improve the instructional process. The main objective of this study was to unravel the perception of lecturers on the pressing obstacles of applying AI for effective delivery of business education courses in Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria. In order to attain the objectives of the study, two research questions were raised to guide the study and two null hypotheses were formulated at 0.05 level of significance. The population of the study comprised of forty-three (43) business education lecturers in the Department of Business Education, Delta State University, Abraka. There was no sample for the study as the population size was small and manageable. A structured questionnaire titled: Lecturers’ Perception on Emerging Challenges of Using Artificial Intelligence Tools for Successful Instruction of Business Education Courses (LPECUAITSIBECQ) was used for data collection. The research instrument was validated by three experts in the Department of Business Education, Delta State, University, Abraka. The test re-test reliability method was adopted by the study to ascertain the consistency of the research instrument which yielded a co-efficient value of 0.81 and 0.77 for the two clusters. The researcher along with two other trained research assistants administered the questionnaires to the respondents. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation to analyze the research questions raised in the study and to ascertain the homogeneity of the respondents’ opinions or otherwise. The independent t-test was adopted by the study to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended amongst others: that lecturers should regularly and periodically enroll in in-service training on the application of AI-driven technologies for effective delivery of business education courses
EFFECT OF INTELLIGENT TUTOR INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN WINDING OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES IN TECHNICAL COLLEGES IN IMO STATE
No full textThe study was carried out to investigate the effect of intelligent tutor instructional strategy on students’ winding of electrical machines achievement in technical colleges in Imo State. The population of the study was 64 students in National Technical Certificate (NTC) 11. All the 64 students in National Technical Certificate (NTC) 11 was used in the study without sampling because their population size was considered manageable. The design of the study was quasi-experimental. The 64 students in National Technical Certificate (NTC) 11 used in the study were divided into experimental and control groups. Experimental group were taught with intelligent tutor instructional method while the control groups were taught with discussion and guided discovery method of instructions. The instrument used for data collection for the study was a self-structured Winding of Electrical Machines Achievement Test (WEMAT). The instrument was face and content validated by three experts. Three research questions and three hypotheses were raised. Mean statistics and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The research findings indicate that there is significant difference between the mean performance of students in the experimental group than those students in the control groups. Students taught with Intelligent Tutor instructional strategy performed better than those students exposed to discussion and guided discovery methods of instruction. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that government should provide adequate number of computers in technical colleges so that teachers can effectively delivers their lesson using the Intelligent Tutor instructional strategy, vocational education teachers should use the Intelligent Tutor instructional strategy to teach vocational related trades in technical colleges
INFLUENCE OF UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN NORTH-CENTRAL NIGERIA
No full textThis study investigated the influence of university autonomy on the administration of public universities in North-Central Nigeria. five research questions were raised in line with five specific objectives to guide the study. Five null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a survey research design. The population of the study was 25,353, comprising academic and non-academic staff from public universities in North-Central Nigeria. The sample size of the study was 394 which was determined by the application Taro Yamane’s formula. Proportionate stratified random sampling technique was adopted for the study. Self-structured questionnaire titled ‘Influence of University Autonomy on the Administration of Public Universities Questionnaire” (IUAAPUQ) was used as instrument for data collection. The instrument was validated by five experts from Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi. The Cronbach Reliability Coefficient obtained for the various clusters were 0.65, 0.68,0.79,0.74,0.73 and the overall reliability coefficient was 0.89, which was considered reliable for the study. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while Chi-square of goodness of fit was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that, organisational autonomy, financial autonomy, staffing autonomy, academic autonomy and autonomy of student’s admission have positive significant influence on the administration of public universities in North-Central Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was recommended government should grant public universities organisational, financial, academic. staffing, and students’ admission autonomy to enhance the smooth administration of Public Universities in North-Central Nigeria
OFFICE TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (OTM) SKILLS AND THE ATTAINMENT OF ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY OF UNIVERSITY GRADUATES
No full textThe study examined how office technology and management (OTM) skills could predict the attainment of economic productivity of university graduates. Three research questions guided the study. A descriptive research design of survey typed was used. The population comprised 132 postgraduate students of Business Education in Tai Solarin University of Education (TASUED), Ijagun, Ogun State for the academic session 2024/2025. Enumeration technique was used for selecting sample size. Researcher developed questionnaire was used for data collection and it titled ‘Office Technology and Management Skills and Economic Productivity of University Graduates Questionnaire (OTMEPUGQ) with reliability coefficient (r = .96). Descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation and pie-chart were used for analyzing and presenting research questions 1 and 2. Research question 3 was analyses using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). The findings indicated that there was medium level of economic productivity in terms of self-reliance of Business education (OTM) university graduates. It was also revealed that digital, problem-solving, effective time-management, cloud computing, organizational, artificial intelligence and emailing skills were among the required OTM skills for the attainment of university graduates’ economic productivity. The study concluded that there was relationship between office technology and management (OTM) skills and the economic productivity of university graduates (r = 0.682, p <.05). It was recommended that government through university authority should increase and set aside revenue for the management and equipping OTM laboratory with modern technological tools students can play with towards increasing their level of economic productivity
THE ROLE OF PROCESS OPTIMIZATION IN MODERN BUSINESS EDUCATION-BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE
No full textThis study aimed at examining the role of process optimization in modern business education-bridging the gap between theory and practice. The study employed descriptive research design to study a population of 554 of business studies teachers in secondary schools in Awka South Local Government Area. Random sampling technique was employed to select 21 business studies teachers from 4 selected secondary schools. This gave a total of 84 business studies teachers. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection from the respondents. Mean statistics was employed to analyze the data collected. 2.5. point was set for accepting the mean. The findings of the study indicated that process optimization in business education programme is important on the areas of curriculum improvement by incorporating microelectronics, telecommunication equipment, internet and computers, Canvas, Zoom, Blackboard, Moodle and Microsoft Teams applications into business education curriculum. The study concluded that process optimization is needed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of business education programme imparting the required skills, competence, knowledge and attitudes on students to be able to cope in the present-day technology labour market. Hence, the study recommended that there should be optimization and restructuring of business education curriculum include artificial intelligence, Canvas, Zoom, Blackboard, Moodle and Microsoft Teams technologies to enhance e-virtual teaching and students’ acquisition of employability skills
Green Building Certifications and Sustainable Development in Osogbo, Nigeria: The Issues and Challenges
No full textThe quest for sustainable development in Nigeria faces substantial challenges, particularly in urban centers like Osogbo Metropolis. Green building practices has emerged as a vital tool for addressing these challenges by promoting resource efficiency, environmental responsibility, and long-term economic benefits. This study examined the impact of green building certification on sustainable development in Osogbo, an emerging city in Nigeria, analyzing its perspective effectiveness in term of its level of awareness, policy gap and cost factor, energy efficiency potentials and improved residents\u27 quality of life. Drawing on relevant literatures on sustainable construction and green building adoption in Nigeria, the study explores key issues as lack of policy gap, financial constraints and limited public awareness among others, through the adoption of a mixed method approach to achieve the research objectives. Findings indicate that, while green certification frameworks like Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and Nigeria’s Green Building Council initiatives have the potentials to drive sustainable urban development, their implementation in Osogbo remains hindered by regulatory inconsistencies and high costs. The study therefore, recommends enhanced government incentives, increased stakeholder engagement, and public education to facilitate the adoption of green building practices. By addressing these challenges, Osogbo and other similar cities can leverage green certification to achieve more sustainable urban growth, aligning with global sustainability goals
The Impact of Microeconomic Variables on Sustainable Infrastructure Development in Nigeria
No full textThe link between micro-economic variable and infrastructure development is central in determining the pace and sustainability of national growth and development, especially in terms of economic volatility. This study examines the impact of key micro-economic variables, such as interest rates, inflation, exchange rate and employment levels, on infrastructure development in Nigeria. A sample size of 150 respondents, comprising experts in the financial sector, policy makers, professionals in the construction industry and economists, were selected to provide comprehensive view on the subject. Methods used for data collection included a mix of surveys, interviews, and analysis of basic economic indicators. The study employed multiple regression analysis to assess the relationship between these variables and infrastructure outcomes, while qualitative data, on the other hand, was analyzed using thematic analysis method. This involves identifying, analysing, and reporting patterns (themes) within the data. Findings reveal a significant correlation between micro-economic instability, such as high inflation and fluctuating exchange rates, and delays or cost overruns in infrastructure project development. conclusively, the study highlights the need for adaptive economic policies that considers microeconomic uncertainties to foster sustainable infrastructure development. The results provide practical insights for policy makers and investors aiming to mitigate the adverse effects of economic uncertainties on infrastructure development initiatives.