Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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Effect of Food Security Status on Economic Efficiency Among Small Scale Broiler Producers in Southern Taraba State Nigeria
No full textThis study examined the effect of food security status on economic efficiency among small-scale broiler producers in Southern Taraba State, Nigeria. Specifically, it described the socioeconomic characteristics of broiler farmers, assessed their food security status, analyzed the cost and returns of broiler production, and analyzed effect of food security on broiler production. Primary data were collected from 138 respondents using a structured questionnaire through a multi-stage sampling technique. Analytical tools employed included descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation, food security index, enterprise budgeting, and the stochastic frontier production function. Results showed that the average age of broiler farmers was 35 years, with most having formal education and moderate household sizes. About 76.8% of households were food secure, with a food security index of 2.7 and an average daily calorie intake significantly above the recommended threshold. Profitability indicators such as a net return on investment of 1.4 and a profitability index of 0.6 confirmed that broiler production is economically viable and the average economic efficiency was estimated at 66%. Key determinants of economic efficiency included cost of day-old chicks (0.7718191), feed (0.1091954), water (-0.0318129), and litter material (0.0118794), while age (-0.0043665), sex (0.0612589), household size (0.0099204), and food security status (0.1173318) significantly influenced inefficiency. The study concludes that food security enhances broiler producers’ economic efficiency, with food-secure farmers performing better than food-insecure ones. It recommends policies enhancing farmers’ welfare, stable input supply, feed management training, and credit access to improve both food security and production efficiency in the study area
Determinants of Soil Additive Application by Farmers in Delta State: An Economic and Extension Perspective
No full textThis study examines the determinants of soil additive use by farmers in Delta State, Nigeria, in the context of declining soil fertility from intensive cultivation. Using a multi stage random sampling procedure, 238 farmers were surveyed. Results show that 64.7% of respondents primarily used inorganic fertilizer; other additives reported included organic manure (12.1%), wood ash (6.8%), lime (4.5%), and other materials (8.3%); 6.1% used no additives. The main barriers to additive use were high prices (mean = 4.79), low income (mean = 4.74), and product scarcity (mean = 4.69). Cost benefit analysis indicated that users of soil additives earned an average income of N180,000 per hectare compared with N95,000 for non-users, producing net returns of N115,000 and N50,000 respectively. A binary logistic regression identified five significant determinants of soil additive use: educational level, farm size, extension contact, household size (negative effect), and monthly income. The model yielded χ2 = 226.792 (p < 0.01), a correct classification rate of 72.6%, and Nagelkerke R2 = 0.589. The evidence points to the need for strengthened farmer education, improved extension outreach, and policy measures that increase access and affordability of soil additives to support sustainable crop productivity in the region
EFFECT OF SPAN OF CONTROL ON DECISION-MAKING EFFECTIVENESS OF DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA
No full textThis study employs an ex-post facto research design to examine the effect of the span of control on decision-making effectiveness in Nigerian deposit money banks (DMBs). Employing ordinary least squares (OLS) multiple regression analysis, with 98 observations the findings indicate that managerial workload positively and significantly affects decision-making effectiveness in Nigerian DMBs. Additionally, communication efficiency enhances decisionmaking effectiveness, and organizational agility contributes considerably to this effectiveness. The study highlights the importance of managerial workload in preventing poor decision making among bank managers. It is recommended that promoting managerial ownership within financial institutions and enhancing communication efficiency are crucial, as these measures help mitigate management\u27s opportunistic behaviors, which could lead to creative accounting practices. Moreover, the study suggests that improving the organizational structure to increase agility encourages managers to involve more subordinates in decision-making processes, enhancing overall decision-making effectiveness
ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION: EVIDENCE FROM ARDL APPROACH
No full textThe study investigated the impact of energy consumption on environmental degradation in Nigeria, covering the period from 1985 to 2022 using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The findings show that while energy consumption had a positive but statistically insignificant long-term effect on environmental degradation, manufacturing had a significant negative impact. Urbanization is also linked to increased environmental stress in Nigeria. Based on these findings, the study recommends that efforts should focus on improving energy efficiency across various sectors. Policies should be implemented to encourage sustainable manufacturing practices, which could include regulations that require industries to adopt cleaner technologies, minimize waste, and reduce emissions. Additionally, incentives for companies that implement environmentally friendly practices would also be beneficial
IMPACT OF INFLATION ON NIGERIAN REAL ESTATE INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF ETI-OSA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF LAGOS STATE
No full textThis study explores the relationship between inflation and Nigeria’s real estate market (REM), analysing its effects on property prices, investment decisions, construction costs, and housing affordability. Using survey data from 200 copies of questionnaire and regression analysis, the research reveals a negative correlation between inflation and REM performance, highlighting inflation’s adverse impact on market vitality. Conversely, a positive link is found between inflation and investment decisions (IID), suggesting inflation drives increased investor interest in real estate. The study also identifies a significant negative effect of inflation on housing affordability (IHA), as rising costs erode individuals’ ability to afford homes. Additionally, inflation positively correlates with construction costs (IIC), exacerbating material expenses and elevating housing prices. To mitigate these challenges, the study recommends government intervention, including targeted affordable housing programs with subsidies or incentives for developers. Rent control policies are also proposed to stabilize housing costs, particularly in urban areas with rapid price increases. These measures aim to enhance affordability and support sustainable growth in Nigeria’s real estate sector
DYNAMICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA
No full textAfrica is disproportionately affected by climate change despite contributing minimally to global greenhouse gas emissions. While existing studies largely focus on carbon emissions, other greenhouse gases, particularly methane, remain underexplored. This study investigates the nexus between climate change and human development in 30 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries using panel data from 2010 to 2022 obtained from the World Bank, Statista, and Country Economy. Human development was proxied by the Human Development Index (HDI), while climate change was captured using Average Annual Temperature (TEM), Carbon Emissions (CO₂), Methane Emissions (MET), Forest Depletion (FOR), and Average Precipitation (PRE). Institutional Quality (INQ) and Population Growth Rate (PGR) were included as control variables. Given cross-sectional dependence, the CIPS Second-Generation Unit Root test was applied. The study employed the Two-Step System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), with robustness checks using Two-Step Difference GMM, Fixed Effects, and Random Effects models. Findings revealed that climate change significantly affects human development in SSA. CO₂ had mixed effects—positive under System GMM but negative under Difference GMM. TEM, MET, and FOR exerted negative and significant impacts on HDI, while PRE had a positive influence. The study recommends improved management of carbon and methane emissions and increased investment in climate resilience mechanisms to mitigate extreme weather impacts and safeguard human development in SSA. 
IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA: MODERATING ROLE OF GOVERNANCE
No full textNigeria has attracted significant Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) with the expectation of driving growth through capital inflows, employment, and technology transfer. However, its actual impact remains uncertain due to weak governance, regulatory inconsistencies, and institutional inefficiencies. This raises the need to examine whether governance conditions shape the relationship between FDI and economic growth in Nigeria. This study therefore examines the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and economic growth in Nigeria, emphasizing the moderating role of governance. While FDI is often viewed as a catalyst for growth through capital inflow, employment generation, and technological transfer, its real impact remains ambiguous in Nigeria. The study utilizes annual time series data from 1996 to 2023, sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria, World Bank’s World Development Indicators (WDI), and Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI). Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and interaction terms between FDI and governance variables, the study finds that FDI has an insignificant effect on economic growth. However, the interaction between FDI and governance show a positive and significant effect on economic growth. These findings demonstrate the critical role governance play in unlocking the growth enhancing potential of FDI. The study recommends structural governance reforms, regulatory consistency, and diversification strategies as essential pathways for making FDI a viable tool for Nigeria\u27s economic transformation. 
TAXATION OF THE BLUE ECONOMY IN NIGERIA AND A QUEST FOR ECONOMIC RENAISSANCE
No full textThe blue economy, comprising ocean-based sectors such as shipping, fisheries, offshore energy,coastal tourism, and marine biotechnology, has emerged as a vital frontier for economicdiversification and sustainable development in Nigeria. As the fiscal demands of governance grow,exploring viable avenues for revenue generation through taxation of these maritime industries hasbecome imperative. Taxation, long recognized as the lifeblood of state financing, must evolve toaccommodate the dynamic realities of Nigeria’s territorial waters and exclusive economic zones.This study critically assesses the viability of implementing an efficient, equitable, and sustainable taxframework within Nigeria’s blue economy. It interrogates the extent to which current legalstructures, institutional mechanisms, and administrative capacities are equipped to support thetaxation of blue economy activities. The research adopts a doctrinal methodology, drawing uponprimary legal instruments, including the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (asamended), the Federal Inland Revenue Service (Establishment) Act, the Nigerian MaritimeAdministration and Safety Agency Act, and applicable tax legislation - alongside judicial decisionsand international best practices. Secondary sources such as scholarly textbooks, journal articles,and policy reports were also consulted. The findings reveal significant legal and institutional gaps,including overlapping regulatory mandates, absence of sector-specific tax provisions, and poorinter-agency coordination, which collectively undermine the fiscal potential of the blue economy.While recent efforts under Nigeria’s Medium-Term Revenue Strategy signal a shift towards non-oilrevenue mobilization, the lack of a harmonized, targeted framework for maritime taxation remainsa critical bottleneck. The paper concludes with concrete recommendations for legal reform,improved institutional synergy, and stakeholder-inclusive policies to ensure the blue economybecomes a sustainable and tax-yielding pillar of national development
LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF UNITED NATIONS: AN EXAMINATION OF ITS STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONS, AND CHALLENGES
No full textThe United Nations Organization is a cornerstone of international law and governance, playing acrucial role in promoting peace, security, and cooperation among nations. This article provides acomprehensive examination of the legal and institutional framework of the UN, exploring itsfounding instruments, organizational structure, and core functions. The article analyzes the rolesand powers of the UN\u27s principal organs, including the Security Council, General Assembly, andInternational Court of Justice, as well as its specialized agencies and programs. It also emphasizesthe need for reform and modernization of the UN framework, highlighting recent initiatives andchallenges. Finally, the article examines the limitations and challenges facing the UN, includingfunding, effectiveness, and accountability. This article adopted doctrinal methods of research, andprimary and secondary sources were used namely textbooks, statutes, conventions and online orinternet materials This article aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the UN\u27s legal andinstitutional framework, its strengths and weaknesses, and its role in shaping international law andgovernance