Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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BETWEEN SUBSTANTIAL JUSTICE AND THE RULE IN DEMONSTRATION OF EVIDENCE BY WITNESSES IN AN ELECTION PETITION: A CASE STUDY OF PETER GREGORY OBI V. BOLA AHMED TINUBU & ORS PETITION NO: CA/PEPC/03/2023
No full textOver the years, administration of justice which ought to be the bane of the judiciary has become oneof the most challenging tasks facing the Nigerian courts/tribunal, especially in an election petition.Election petition is sui generis and often, there is tendency of the judges to tilt towards proceduraltechnicalities against substantial justice in deciding matters before the election tribunal. Therefore,whenever the court dismisses a case on the ground that a particular party fails to follow a properstep for the judicial enforcement of his right, then it amounts to procedural technicality which oftenaffect the merit and substance of the case. This is exactly what played out in the 2023 PresidentialElection Petition Tribunal on so many grounds that led to the striking out of the subpoenaed witnessdepositions of the Petitioner’s witnesses. The main objective of this paper is to examine substantialjustice and the rule in demonstration of evidence by witnesses in an election petition: a case study ofPeter Gregory Obi v Bola Ahmed Tinubu & Ors1. The work adopted the doctrinal method of research.It was found that a court does substantial justice when it administered justice fairly regardless ofany procedural errors not affecting the litigant’s rights, a fair trial on the merits. It is also our findingthat the striking out of the subpoenaed witnesses and the relevant documents tendered through themby the Tribunal in the 2023 Presidential Election Petition is a matter of technical justice thansubstantial justice. The paper recommends that judges should always be concerned with achievingsubstantial justice than merely placing reliance on technical justice
BEYOND CONVICTION AND PUNISHMENT: EXPLORING THE INTEGRATION OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN THE 21ST CENTURY NIGERIA CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
No full textIt is stale that traditional criminal justice system practiced in Nigeria has long relied on conviction and punishment as its chief apparatuses for addressing crime. Though, this approach has been censured for its limitations in promoting true justice, rehabilitation, and community healing, wherein the actual victim is passive. Recently, restorative justice has been considered as a hopeful substitute, focusing on repairing harm, promoting accountability, and fostering reconciliation between victims, offenders, and communities, absent in the current system. This research explored the integration of restorative justice in the 21st century criminal justice system, and as well examining its potential to transform the way we approach crime and punishment. Through a critical assessment of extant works and case studies, this research considered the benefits and challenges of implementing restorative justice practices, including victim-offender mediation, circle sentencing, and reparative justice. It discovered the prospective of restorative justice to improve victim satisfaction, reduce recidivism, and promote community engagement. It presented recommendations for legislators, legal practitioners, and scholars seeking to uphold more proficient, humane, and just attitudes to addressing crime and promoting community healing
HOW AND WHY REGULATION 71 OF THE NIGERIA POLICE REGULATIONS, 1968 WAS DECLARED UNCONSTITUTIONAL IN NPC & ORS V PSC & ANOR
No full textThis paper critically reviewed the case of NPF & Ors v PSC & Anor where the power of the Police Service Commission to “appoint” police officers into the Police Force (except I-GP) under Paragraph 30 of Part 1 of the Third Schedule to the CFRN, 1999 as amended conflicted with the power of the Inspector-General of Police to “recruit” constables into the same Police Force under Regulation 71 of the Nigeria Police Regulations, 1968 and section 18 of the Police Act, 2022. The paper found that the judgment in the case proclaimed the supremacy of the Constitution over the lawmaking power of the legislature for which reason any law enacted in breach of constitutional provision is liable to be declared null and void. Furthermore, it was adjudged that power to appoint includes power to recruit. Accordingly, any power conferred on a person or entity by the Constitution cannot be curtailed or shared with anyone else unless the Constitution so provides. Consequently, both Regulation 71 of the Nigeria Police Regulations,1968 and section 18 of the Police Act, 2022 were declared unconstitutional, null and void for conflicting with the provisions of Paragraph 30 of Part 1 of the Third Schedule to the CFRN, 1999 as amended. It was therefore recommended that existing statutes such as Nigeria Police Regulations, 1968 promulgated prior to the extant Constitution should be modified to bring them into conformity with the Constitution failing which they will be declared null and void to the extent of their inconsistencies.
KNOWLEDGE OF NEONATAL JAUNDICE BY NURSING MOTHERS ATTENDING POST-NATAL CLINIC AT GOVERNMENT HEALTH FACILITIES IN OWERRI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL, IMO STATE NIGERIA.
No full textJaundice is one of the most common conditions needing medical attention in newborn babies. Jaundice may also be a sign of serious underlying illness this is why this study was designed to determine knowledge of neonatal jaundice by nursing mothers attending post-natal clinic at government health facilities in Owerri municipal council, Imo State Nigeria. The study adopted the survey research design; Owerri Municipal council was used as the study area. The population for this study consist of 200 registered nursing mothers who have experienced jaundice in one of their children or were currently experiencing jaundice. The population size was not large, no sampling was done. Reliability coefficients of 0.801 were obtained for the Test on knowledge of neonatal jaundice. Results includes; mean score shows that the level of knowledge on neonatal jaundice possessed by nursing mothers attending post-natal clinics is moderate; Nursing mothers in Owerri Municipal Council have moderate level of knowledge of neonatal jaundice across various parity levels. Conclusion and recommendations were made among others Regular health education of nursing mothers on the identification, causes, danger signs, complications, appropriate treatment procedures and the prompt step to take when neonatal jaundice is noticed should be made mandatory. 
Repositioning TVET for Economic and Industrial Growth in Nigeria
No full textTechnical and Vocational Education and Training is designed to equip individuals with practical skills and knowledge for employment in various technical and vocational fields. TVET aims to prepare individuals for specific occupations and trades, contributing to both their personal economic advancement and the overall economic development of a country. In Nigeria, emphasis on technology integration, personalized learning, and industry collaboration which includes using virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) for simulations, online learning platforms, and data analytics for tailoring instruction have dominated TVET trends. The role and importance of TVET in National development cannot be over emphasized, this is because Technical and Vocational Education and Training provides the necessary knowledge, attitude and competencies for survival and sustainable national development till to today. The challenges and issues of TVET in Nigeria over the years make it difficult to fully tap these obvious TVET benefits. The paper proffer Solutions to the emerging challenges and recommendations to the Repositioning of TVET for Economic and Industrial Growth in Nigeria if positively met, will enhance the national development, economic growth and technological advancement in Nigeria
EFFECT OF TYPE AND APPLICATION RATE OF LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON THE ROOT DEVELOPMENT OF SELECTED CROPS (RICE AND BEAN) IN ABUJA, NIGERIA
No full textDeclining soil fertility and high costs of chemical fertilizers reduce crop production in Nigeria. Liquid organic fertilizers (LOFs) from plant extracts and compost are a low-cost alternative that can improve early crop growth. This study tested two LOFs, Moringa leaf extract (MLE) and Sapphire Liquid Fertilizer (SLF), at two application rates (10 ml and 20 ml) on the root growth of rice (Oryza sativa var. FARO 44) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris var. SAMPEA 9). A screenhouse experiment was conducted at the University of Abuja using a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design plus control, with three replications. Root length, fresh weight, and dry weight were measured at 8 weeks after sowing. Data were analysed using ANOVA and Fisher’s LSD (p < 0.05). Both fertilizers significantly improved root growth. MLE at 20 ml gave the highest root length (32.73 cm), fresh weight (10.65 g), and dry weight (2.80 g), outperforming the control by 46%, 65%, and 79%, respectively. Rice had larger roots than beans, and fertilizer rate × crop interactions were significant. Moringa leaf extract at 20 ml is the most effective, low-cost fertilizer for improving root development in rice and bean seedlings in nutrient-poor soils
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE AND CUSTOMER REACH FOR MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN ANAMBRA STATE
No full textThe relationship between social media usage and customer reach for micro, small and mediumsized enterprises in Anambra State was examined in this study. This study made use of a survey research design and the population consisted of 1399 MSMEs from the study area and a sample size of 301 was arrived at using Krejcie and Morgan\u27s formula. The questionnaire used for data collection was validated using face and content validity while the reliability was ascertained using the Cronbach Alpha technique (.873). The data analysis was carried out using both descriptive and inferential statistics and the hypotheses were tested at a 5% level of significance. The findings showed that social media usage has a statistically significant relationship with customer reach (r = .952; p-value = .000 < .05). Based on the findings, it was recommended that the usage of social media should no longer be taken unserious as it is assumed to, or seen as an avenue to only make friends, while away time and have fun, but needs to be taken as a place to meet new customers, close deals and expand the reach of the products and services of MSMEs in Anambra stat
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DATA DRIVEN TARGETED ONLINE ADVERTS AND INCREASE QUALITY LEAD GENERATION FOR MSMES IN ANAMBRA STATE
No full textThe relationship between data driven targeted online adverts and increase quality lead generation for MSMEs in Anambra State was examined in this study. This study made use of a survey research design and the population consisted of 1399 MSMEs from the study area and a sample size of 301 was arrived at using Krejcie and Morgan\u27s formula. The questionnaire used for data collection was validated using face and content validity while the reliability was ascertained using the Cronbach Alpha technique (.873). The data analysis was carried out using both descriptive and inferential statistics and the hypotheses were tested at a 5% level of significance. The findings showed that there is a statistically significant positive relationship existing between data driven targeted online adverts and increase quality lead generation(r = .977; p-value = .000 < .05). Based on the findings, it was recommended that the owners and managers of MSMEs in Anambra state need to take seriously the issue of running online adverts using a targeted strategy so as to reach the desired audience and get quality leads without wasting resources and time in running non-target or open adverts
ADAPTIVE MEDICAL IMAGE ENHANCEMENT USING WAR STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION: A MULTI-MODAL STUDY ON X-RAY, MRI, AND CT IMAGING
No full textImage enhancement is a fundamental requirement in medical diagnostics to improve visual quality and accentuate anatomical features necessary for accurate disease identification. This paper presents an Adaptive Medical Image Enhancement framework leveraging War Strategy Optimization (WSO), a metaheuristic inspired by the strategic "attack and defence" tactics of warfare, to intelligently automate the selection of enhancement parameters. Unlike traditional fixed-parameter methods that often lead to over-enhancement or artifact amplification, the proposed WSO-based approach dynamically tunes variables for Contrast-Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), gamma correction, and unsharp masking. The system was implemented in Python and rigorously validated across a multi-modal dataset comprising Chest X-rays, Brain MRIs, and Low-Dose CT (LDCT) scans. The performance was quantified using a multi-dimensional fitness function incorporating Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), Entropy, and Edge Preservation Index (EPI). Experimental results demonstrate superior visual clarity and structural integrity, with PSNR values ranging from 29.63 dB to 31.42 dB and SSIM values between 0.904 and 0.923. Furthermore, convergence analysis confirms that War Strategy Optimization (WSO) Algorithm achieves global optima within 40 iterations, showcasing its computational efficiency and stability. Comparative analysis with Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) shows that the WSO method achieves superior image quality, higher structural similarity, and improved detection accuracy. The findings suggest that this robust optimization framework is highly suitable for integration into Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) and real-time clinical imaging systems where diagnostic precision is paramount
FUSING LARGE KERNEL AND CROSS CONVOLUTION (LKC²) FOR EFFICIENT AND ACCURATE OBJECT DETECTION:
No full textAdvancements in object recognition have surged, thanks to Convolutional Neural network (CNN), but achieving an optimal mix of extensive coverage and low processing demands remains challenging. Conventional network architectures commonly employ small convolutional kernels, such as , which are effective at capturing local features but often fail to model broader spatial dependencies required for precise localization. Expanding the structure or shifting to attention-based systems usually raises resource usage and delays processing, limiting their use in live scenarios. To address this, a combined unit that integrates Large Kernel Convolution (LKC) with Cross Convolution (CC) called the LKC² block was developed, The LKC part uses channel-separated filters to expand the view area and better grasp overall patterns, while the CC part combines details from neighboring levels to maintain alignment in space and meaning. This dual strategy allows the system to effectively identify both immediate and distant features without excessively increasing variables. The proposed LKC² module was integrated into widely used object detection architectures, including You Only Look Once version 8 (YOLOv8) and Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN), and evaluated on standard benchmark datasets such as Microsoft Common Objects in Context (MS COCO) and Pascal Visual Object Classes (VOC). The outcomes revealed boosts in average accuracy of Intersection over Union (IoU) of 0.5, around 3.6% higher on Common Objects in Context (COCO) and about 2.9% on VOC compared to baselines. Notably, this enhancement added less than 5% to operations count, highlighting its resource efficiency. Additional tests confirmed that LKC and CC each improve results separately, but together they create a stronger combined effect, enhancing range perception and refining multi-level detail integration. Overall, findings suggest that employing broad filters and inter-layer blending can successfully tackle issues in local detail capture and broad scene understanding in network-based detectors. The LKC² unit improves detection accuracy for small or densely grouped objects while maintaining the computational efficiency required for real-world deployment, making it a promising enhancement for future vision-based systems in automation, autonomous navigation, and surveillance applications