Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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Awareness of Just-in-Time Principles in the Nigerian Construction Industry
No full textThis study investigates the awareness of Just-in-Time (JIT) principles within the Nigerian construction industry, focusing on construction professionals in Edo and Delta States. The construction sector is plagued by inefficiencies, including material overstocking and project delays, prompting the exploration of JIT as a potential solution to enhance efficiency and reduce waste. Utilizing a quantitative research design, data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 324 registered construction professionals with 203 of them returned, achieving a 62.65% response rate. The findings reveal a significant awareness of JIT principles among respondents, with a mean score of 3.89 for the concept of JIT management in construction. Factor analysis identified two key components: a \u27Productivity factor\u27 and a \u27Performance factor,\u27 accounting for 41.362% of the total variance. Despite the positive awareness, challenges remain in the practical implementation of JIT, necessitating robust awareness campaigns and educational initiatives to further enhance understanding and application of JIT in construction projects. The study concludes that while awareness exists, further efforts are required to translate this knowledge into effective practice, ultimately improving project delivery and efficiency in the Nigerian construction industry
EFFECT OF BOARD CHARACTERISTICS ON ASSET QUALITY: EVIDENCE FROM COMMERCIAL BANKS
No full textThe study investigated the effect of board characteristics on asset quality management among listed commercial banks in Nigeria, using board size, and board gender diversity on non-performing loan ratio of listed commercial banks in Nigeria. The study adopted an ex-post facto research design. Data collection was carried out using secondary method, whereby relevant data were extracted from the annual reports of the sampled banks over a decade, spanning from 2013 to 2023. The data collected were descriptively analyzed and the hypotheses were tested using Pooled Estimated Generalized Least Squares at 5% significance level. The study found that board size has a significant positive effect on non-performing loan ratio of listed commercial banks in Nigeria; board gender diversity has a significant negative effect on non-performing loan ratio of listed commercial banks in Nigeria. The study recommends among others that board nomination committees should actively promote gender diversity on their boards, while also providing necessary support and resources to ensure equal participation and influence in decision-making processes
EFFECT OF BOARD ATTRIBUTE ON PROFITABILITY OF LISTED AGRICULTURAL COMPANIES IN NIGERIA
No full textThis study examined the effect of board attributes on profitability of listed agricultural companies in Nigeria. The study used a sample size of five (5) agricultural companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) as at December 2023. Relevant data for the study was extracted from the annual reports and accounts of the sampled companies for a period of fourteen (14) years (2010-2023). The data generated was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Correlation matrix, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Generalized Least Square (GLS) regression. The findings reveal that board size, board gender diversity and board meeting have significant effect on profitability of listed agricultural companies in Nigeria while board composition has insignificant effect on profitability. The study therefore recommended that board size should be maintained at an average size in order to optimize firm performance. More so, management should increase as much as possible the board size bearing in mind Nigeria Securities and Exchange Commission corporate governance Code requirement of minimum of five and maximum of fifteen members. Also, both gender (male and female) should be appointed into board of directors providing that they are qualified and willing to serve. However, the optimal board size in relation to the scale of the firm’s operation and legal provisions should always be taken into consideration in deciding the ultimate board size.
TWO DECADES (2004 - 2023) OF CONTRIBUTORY PENSIONS IN NIGERIA: A DEPARTURE FROM DECADENCE TO DILIGENCE
No full textThe departure from the traditional pension system, which is mainly targeted at public servants and few selected companies called defined benefit scheme, to the contributory pension scheme was a major change in policy direction. Going by previous experience, Nigerian workers did not give the new system any chance of survival. But against all odds the scheme has traversed twenty years of consistent collection of pension remittances and prompt payment of pensions entitlements to deserving beneficiaries either as retired contributors or next of kin of deceased members. Every worker looks forward to peaceful retirement when he/she will depend on a pension system for sustenance. The history of retirement benefit in Nigeria is everything but desirable. So bad was the defined benefit scheme in Nigeria that relied on annual budgetary provision for retirement pension disbursement that pensioners are found littered all over the places under the guise of verification. Yet in most cases under the defined benefit scheme, retirees were not paid as and when due. The decay was an eyesore that workers dreaded retirement like a monster. Until the Fola Adeola led Pension Reform Committee that understudied the Contributory Pension system in Chile and recommended a departure from Pay As You Go hitherto operated in Nigeria. This culminated in the Pension Reforms Act 2004 which brought into existence the National Pension Commission as the only body that regulates the new pension scheme. This paper takes a cursory look at the journey of deviation from the old order (Pension Act 1979) to new order (Pension Reform Act 2004, now PRA 2014), highlighting the commencement, consolidation and continuity with a view to putting facts in proper perspective
THE ECONOMIC STRAIN OF CLIMATE CHANGE: ACCOUNTING FOR EXTREME HEAT AND HEALTHCARE SPENDING
No full textThis study investigated the financial burden of climate change on public health systems, with a specific focus on how extreme heat days and diurnal temperature range affect current health expenditure as a percentage of GDP across countries from 2000 to 2023. The main objective was to examine the impact of climate-induced heat variations on government health spending, while the specific objectives included analyzing the effect of extreme heat days (EXHD), diurnal temperature range (DTR), and population (POP) on health expenditure. An ex post facto research design was adopted, utilizing panel data sourced from the World Bank. Variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression models. The dependent variable was current health expenditure, proxied by Current Health Expenditure (% of GDP), while the key independent variables were EXHD (computed as the number of extreme heat days normalized and expressed as a percentage) and DTR (measured as a dummy variable indicating daily temperature variability). Population (POP) served as a control variable. Findings from the regression analysis revealed a statistically significant and positive relationship between extreme heat days and health expenditure (β = 0.3616, p < 0.001), indicating that rising heat-related incidents are associated with increased government spending on health services. Conversely, diurnal temperature range had an insignificant effect (p > 0.05), suggesting that short-term temperature fluctuations may not significantly influence public health budgets. Correlation analysis further supported the positive association between EXHD and health expenditure (r = 0.6962). The study concludes that climate-induced extreme heat exerts a considerable financial burden on national health systems, compelling governments to invest more in adaptive health responses. However, many countries still underinvest in climate-resilient health infrastructure. Key recommendations include the integration of climate risk into national health planning, establishment of heatwave early warning systems, and enhanced international support for low- and middle-income countries to strengthen their adaptive capacity. Future research should explore the long-term economic costs of climate-related health events and support real-time data collection to inform evidence-based policies
NON-INTEREST INCOME AND THE PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED COMMERCIAL BANKS LISTED IN NIGERIA
No full textThe study focused on the effect of non-interest income on the performance of selected commercial banks listed in Nigeria. Specifically, the study ascertains the relationship between Fee income, Trading and Investment Income (TII) and the Return on Assets of selected commercial banks. A total of 7 public listed commercial banks licensed to operate internationally, was sampled over a period of 12 years ranging from 2012-2023. Data were descriptively and inferentially analysed using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC). The findings revealed that Fee income has a negative but non-significant relationship with Return on Assets of commercial banks in Nigeria (r = -0.204661; p-value = 0.0742). It was discovered that Trading and Investment Income has a positive but non-significant relationship with Return on Assets of commercial banks in Nigeria (r = 0.211513; p-value = 0.0648). The study therefore concluded that while some components of non-interest income significantly contribute to financial performance, others exhibit no substantial impact. This disparity underscores the nuanced and often unpredictable relationship between diversified income streams and profitability, which is shaped by market conditions, operational efficiency, and regulatory frameworks in the Nigerian banking sector. It was recommended that product development and marketing Teams of Commercial Banks should conduct a comprehensive review of the bank\u27s fee-based services to identify and eliminate charges that may deter customer transactions or reduce client satisfaction. Focus on developing transparent, value-adding fee structures that are competitive and customer-centric to enhance transaction volume and improve their overall contribution to asset returns.
 
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PRACTICES AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN FOOD AND BEVERAGES SECTOR
No full textThis study examined the impact of Information Technology (IT) on Supply Chain Management (SCM) in the Nigerian manufacturing industry, with a focus on the food and beverage sector. The research explored the relationships between key IT dimensions e-business, e-marketplace, and e-procurement and their effects on SCM performance. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 200 managerial staff members of three leading Nigerian manufacturing firms: Guinness Nigeria PLC, Nigeria Breweries PLC, and Honeywell Flour Mill Nigeria PLC. The research employed descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including mean scores, standard deviations, relative importance index (RII), and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, to analyze the data. The findings revealed that e-business significantly enhances organizational corporate image and reduces business process costs, while e-marketplace improves efficiency in placing orders and announcing purchases. E-procurement was found to contribute to improved operational efficiency and reduced administrative costs. The study also highlighted on the critical role of IT in achieving faster time-to-market, improving consumer information, and enhancing internal and external communication within supply chains. The study concludeed that adopting IT tools in SCM can drive competitive advantage, operational efficiency, and customer satisfaction in Nigeria\u27s food and beverage manufacturing sector.
 
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SPENDING AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
No full textThis study determined the effect of federal government spending on economic growth in Nigeria, using federal government spending on economic infrastructure, federal government spending on agriculture and gross domestic product in Nigeria. Data were extracted from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) bulletin, Budget Office of the Federation from 2000 to 2023. Multiple regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. The study revealed that federal government spending on economic infrastructure has negative significant effect on gross domestic product in Nigeria. However, federal government spending on agriculture has positive significant effect on gross domestic product in Nigeria. Based on the results, the study recommended that there is need to diversify and develop economic infrastructure such as roads, social and community services, transport and communication to boost trade openness and economic growth in Nigeria
EFFECT OF FORENSIC ACCOUNTING ON FRAUD DETECTION AND PREVENTION IN THE NIGERIAN PUBLIC SECTOR
No full textThis study examined the effect of forensic accounting on fraud detection and prevention in Nigerian public sector. Specifically, the study determined the effect of forensic litigation, forensic mediation and forensic arbitration on fraud control efficiency, respectively. In this study, survey research design was deployed. The population for this study comprised 6,393 staff working across federal ministries, departments, and agencies in Anambra State. A random sample of 266 staff was sampled for the study. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, such as mean scores and frequency distributions, were used to summarise the data. Pearson correlation was used to analyse the research questions. Multiple regression analysis was used in the test of the hypotheses. The findings revealed that: forensic litigation has a positive and significant effect on fraud control efficiency in the Nigerian public sector; forensic mediation has a significant positive effect on fraud control efficiency in the Nigerian public sector; forensic arbitration has a significant positive effect on fraud control efficiency in the Nigerian public sector. In conclusion, forensic accounting plays a key role in reducing financial leakages, which in turn supports government institutional trust. The study recommends that the National Assembly and the Nigerian Ministry of Justice should take the necessary steps to strengthen the legal framework around forensic litigation by working to implement dedicated forensic units within public sector legal teams, provide additional training for prosecutors and investigators on the importance and execution of forensic litigation, and allocate sufficient resources to these units to ensure timely and effective handling of fraud cases.
 
CARBON EMISSION DISCLOSURE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED OIL AND GAS COMPANIES IN NIGERIA
No full textThe study examined the effect of carbon emission disclosure on the financial performance of listed oil and gas companies in Nigeria. The specific objective was to assess the effect of carbon dioxide disclosure, nitrogen oxide disclosure, hydrocarbon disclosure and carbon mono-oxide disclosure on the operating cashflow ratio of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was deployed. The population comprised eight (8) listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria. A sample size of seven (7) firms were selected using purposive sampling technique. Secondary data were collected from firms’ annual reports over a ten year period (2015-2024). The data were analysed using descriptive test while hypotheses were tested using panel least square regression. The findings revealed the following: carbon dioxide disclosure has a positive and significant effect on operating cashflow ratio of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria (β = 0.1542, p = 0.0078); nitrogen oxide disclosure has a positive and significant effect on operating cashflow ratio of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria (β = 0.4695, p = 0.0018); hydrocarbon disclosure has a positive and significant effect on operating cashflow ratio of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria (β = 0.2688, p = 0.0000); carbon monoxide disclosure has a positive and significant effect on operating cashflow ratio of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria (β = 0.4695, p = 0.0018). In conclusion, for oil and gas companies in Nigeria, embracing carbon emission disclosure is not only a response to environmental imperatives but also a strategic move to secure their long-term viability and competitiveness in a rapidly evolving global setting. The study recommends that the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) and the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (FRCN) need to strengthen compliance requirements by mandating the disclosure of carbon monoxide emissions as part of listed companies\u27 financial and environmental reports. This would standardize reporting practices and enhance market-wide transparency in the oil and gas sector.