Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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CORPORATE INSOLVENCY IN NIGERIA: SHIFTING FROM DISSOLUTION TO RESTRUCTURING UNDER THE COMPANIES AND ALLIED MATTERS ACT 2020
No full textAbstract Corporate insolvency is not an expression that has been defined to achieve universal acceptance, but it has assumed considerable significance within the context of both Nigerian law and economy in recent times particularly since the Companies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA) 2020 came into force. This article considers the changing perception of corporate insolvency in Nigeria as a transition from liquidation- based proceedings into devices for business rescue and restructuring. By reviewing the core principles of the bankruptcy law, examining the legal and institutional mechanisms of corporate insolvency in Nigeria, it examines several problems that constitute impediments to its success. It employs a doctrinal method and depends on primary works such as the CAMA 2020 in addition to secondary sources like journals, textbooks and materials online. It is the contention of this study that there are symptoms to show that modern insolvency practice in Nigerian law is on a trajectory towards adopting international good practices by encouraging corporate rescue mechanisms such as Company voluntary arrangement (CVA) and administration opting instead for continuity rather than liquidation. This article recommends that in order to progress from legislative aspiration to practical significance, Nigeria should invest in institutionbuilding, capacity building of professionals and collaboration by regulators
CAMPAIGN ON TRANSITION FROM STATE-CENTRIC SECURITY TO INDIVIDUALISTIC PROTECTION IN NIGERIA
No full textThe persistent insecurity in Nigeria has exposed the inadequacies of a predominantly state-centric security architecture that prioritizes regime stability over the protection of citizens. Contemporary security challenges, ranging from terrorism and banditry to police brutality, communal conflicts, and digital threats, demonstrate that threats have become increasingly diffused, non-state driven, and proximate to individuals rather than the state. This shift necessitates a reconceptualization of Nigeria’s security paradigm. This paper examines the urgent need for a transition from a state centric model of security, rooted in traditional notions of sovereignty and territorial protection, to an individualistic protection framework that places the safety, rights, and dignity of the individual at the centre of security governance. The study evaluates constitutional provisions, national security institutions, and current policy practices, highlighting structural gaps that undermine the protection of citizens. It also interrogates human security theory, which expands the meaning of security to include political, economic, social, environmental, health, and community well-being, arguing that Nigeria’s complex security landscape demands a holistic, people-focused response. Through a review of normative international standards and comparative practices from democratic jurisdictions, the paper demonstrates that safeguarding individuals enhances state stability rather than undermining it. The abstract concludes by proposing a comprehensive campaign framework for Nigeria’s transition, emphasizing legal reforms, human-rights–based policing, community participation, accountability mechanisms, and socio-economic interventions as critical pillars for strengthening individual security and rebuilding public trust in state institutions. This paradigm shift, it argues, is essential for achieving sustainable peace, democratic legitimacy, and inclusive national development
CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN THE NIGERIAN LEGAL PROFESSION: TOOL OR THORN?
No full textContinuing Professional Development (CPD) has become a central feature of modern legal regulation, aimed at ensuring that lawyers maintain competence and professional relevance throughout their careers. In Nigeria, CPD is mandatory for legal practitioners and is largely administered through the Nigerian Bar Association and its Institute of Continuing Legal Education. Despite its importance, the programme has generated growing dissatisfaction among lawyers, raising concerns about its usefulness, accessibility, cost, and overall impact on legal practice. This paper examines whether CPD in the Nigerian legal profession functions as a genuine tool for professional improvement or has become a regulatory burden that undermines its intended purpose. The objectives of the paper are to clarify the concept of CPD, examine the legal and institutional frameworks governing its operation in Nigeria, review existing scholarly views, and draw lessons from selected foreign jurisdictions. Using doctrinal and comparative analysis, the paper finds that CPD is conceptually sound and necessary for maintaining professional standards. However, its implementation in Nigeria is weakened by poor content design, high costs, limited accessibility, and an excessive focus on credit-hour compliance rather than skills development. The paper recommends restructuring CPD content to emphasise practical skills, expanding affordable digital learning platforms, adopting flexible and outcomes-based compliance models, and improving transparency in enforcement. Properly reformed, CPD can serve as an effective tool for strengthening the Nigerian legal profession.
PERCEIVED INFLUENCE OF NECESSITY ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON BUSINESS EDUCATION STUDENTS’ SURVIVAL IN PUBLIC TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN ANAMBRA STATE
No full textThis study examines the perceived influence of necessity entrepreneurship on the survival of business education students in public tertiary institutions in Anambra State, Nigeria. Two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. A descriptive research design was adopted, and the population comprised 1,105 business education students from four public tertiary institutions in Anambra State. Using simple random sampling, a sample of 332 business education students was selected. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Mean and standard deviation were used for analyzing the research questions, while an independent t-test was used to test the null hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed that necessity entrepreneurship has a strong influence on students’ academic engagement and financial stability. The study concludes that necessity entrepreneurship significantly enhances the academic and financial stability of students in public tertiary institutions in Anambra State. With adequate support, it serves as a practical and transformative strategy for student survival and holistic development. Based on the findings, the study recommends that tertiary institutions should establish support systems that integrate practical entrepreneurship education, funding access, wellness programs, and mentorship to enhance student survival and developmen
GEOSPATIAL ASSESSMENT OF DRAINAGE NETWORK SYSTEMS IN UYO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, AKWA IBOM STATE.
No full textThere are numerous effects of natural disaster like flooding in different places all over the world. However, the application of GIS and remote sensing technology to map out these areas vulnerable to flood makes it easy to plan measures, aimed at mitigating flood damages and risks involved. The study aimed at identifying drainage network systems within flood vulnerable areas in Uyo LGA with a view to suggesting control measures. The GIS software, ArcMap 10.4 environment, Landsat-8 OLI and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) images of 2022 of the area were used to select slope, land use, drainage network, and soil layers. Annual rainfall data were acquired from NASA/NiMET. The DEM was used to generate slope, flow direction, flow accumulation, stream network and distance from water channel. Flood vulnerability impact map was produced identifying high, moderate, and low vulnerable areas. Flood mapping was done to determine flood locations based on a 3D terrain assessment from where the drainage network system was developed. Factors that influence drainage in the study area were: hydrological factors, water management factors, and institutional factors. The mean annual rainfall of the study area ranges from 4426 mm to 4927 mm. The flood vulnerability increases with the increase in rainfall. The mean annual rainfall classes in the study area were categorized into: very low, Low, moderate, high, respectively. However, the region is characterized by high slope angle and elevation. As such, all flood waters easily flow downstream to many parts of Ekamba Nsukkara and Idu communities, putting them at a high risk of floods
DIGITAL IN CURRICULUM IMPLENMENTATION AT WORK PLACE IN THE NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY
No full textResearch activities are to meet the demands of changing workplace and to suggest solutions to the challenges posed by new technologies and ways of working. These challenges may be found among the professionals in many different fields. This paper examined academic perspectives regarding digital communication at work place with the use of computer. Specifically, it explored how vast in practices are the academics in communicating with colleagues at work place. This is with the view to enhancing effective implementation of the school curriculum in moving education forward globally in the 21st Century. Presently, the push towards increased globalization requires more interaction between people from diverse cultures, beliefs, and backgrounds and the effects of this call for adequate preparation of learners to fit into the interdependent world; this includes the differences between technological infrastructures in difference countries. This is necessary so that learners would understand and benefit from the increasing interconnectedness of the world and its sub-systems. A qualitative research method was used under a survey research design. The population comprised of all the lecturers in the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH). Ten (10) sample purposive random sampling was selected due to the fact all the population were lecturers and from the higher institutions. An interview was conducted by the researcher with the sampled participant, with their consent. Participant responses were analysed using thematic approach. The conclusions and recommendations reflected a changing world and marketplace, with respect to cultural differences. The expected benefits in the workplace include enhancing competitive edge, and increasing work productivity in the global education market. 
PROCESS INNOVATION AND OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF FOOD AND BEVERAGE FIRMS IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
No full textThe increasing demand for operational efficiency and resource optimisation in the food and beverage industry has underscored the importance of process innovation. Notwithstanding its potential benefits, the impact of process innovation on operational performance in food and beverage firms remains underexplored. Hence, this study examines the effect of process innovation on the operational efficiency of food and beverage firms in Anambra State, Nigeria. The specific objectives are to (i) ascertain the effects of workflow automation, supply chain optimisation, customer-centric innovation, and sustainability initiatives on resource optimisation in food and beverage firms in Anambra State, Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised two hundred and forty (240) employees from thirty food and beverage firms in Anambra State, Nigeria. A complete enumeration of the population was employed. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analyses. The findings revealed that workflow automation (B=0.290, p=0.001), supply chain optimisation (B=0.250, p=0.009), customer-centric innovation (B=0.950, p=0.000), and sustainability initiatives (B=0.905, p=0.000) all significantly enhance resource optimisation and operational efficiency. The study concludes that process innovation is a critical driver of operational efficiency in food and beverage firms. Consequently, the study recommends that firms should invest in workflow automation, optimise their supply chains, adopt customer-centric innovation strategies, and integrate sustainability initiatives into operations to maximise resource utilisation and maintain competitive advantage. 
LINEARIZATION OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION RATE IN NIGERIA USING AGRO-CLIMATIC DATA FOR COMPARING REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION MODELS
No full textThe study presents Linearization of Evapotranspiration Rate in Nigeria using Agro-Climatic Data for Comparing Reference Evapotranspiration Models in order to prevent over or under irrigation by farmers, which could have a detrimental impact on crop yields. Agro-climatic data from 2013 to 2024 were gathered and examined for this study. Minimum and maximum temperatures (oC), relative humidity (%), wind speed (km/day), sunlight (hr/day), and radiation (MJ/m2/day) were the data collected. Using the mean monthly agro-climatic data for the six chosen agroclimatic weather stations in Nigeria [North-East (Yola), North-West (Sokoto), North-Central (Lokoja), South-East (Enugu), South-West (Lagos), and South-South (Port-Harcourt)], and FAO Penman-Monteith model was utilized as a universal standard model to calculate the mean monthly reference evapotranspiration (ETo). The mean monthly reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was calculated using five different evapotranspiration models (Priestley-Taylor model, Thornth-Waite model, Hargreaves model, ASCE-Penman Monteith model, and Blaney-Criddle model). The results were then compared with the standard FAO Penman-Monteith model. The FAO Penman-Monteith model\u27s estimates and the reference ETo estimates from the five models were compared using statistical regressions. According to the findings, the six agro-climatic weather stations\u27 mean monthly average ETo estimates from the FAO PenmanMonteith model, Priestley-Taylor model, Thornth-Waite model, Hargreaves model, ASCE-Penman Monteith model, and Blaney-Criddle model were, respectively, 6.48, 7.66, 14.14, 11.16, 5.57, and 3.70 mm/day. The ASCE-Penman Monteith model, which has a strong correlation with the FAO Penman-Monteith model, was the strongest predictor; the Priestley-Taylor model was the second-best. The Blaney-Criddle model significantly overestimated the FAO Penman-Monteith model, whilst the Thornth-Waite and Hargreaves models yielded underestimated ET values. The models exhibit significant diversity and the relationship between them is location-dependent. The ASCE-Penman Monteith model and Priestley-Taylor model can be used in the absence of FAO 56 Penman-Monteith model. Both Blaney-Criddle model, Thornth-Waite and Hargreaves model are not suitable for use for regional water resource planning and accurate agricultural water management. 
DRIVING ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT THROUGH PEER MENTORSHIP: HOW AGE AND GENDER SHAPE OUTCOMES IN LOW SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IDEMILI NORTH, ANAMBRA STATE
No full textThis study examined the effect of a peer mentorship programme on academic achievement among secondary school students from low socio-economic backgrounds in Idemili North Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria. A quasi-experimental design was employed with 65 students, comprising 36 in the experimental group who received an eight-week peer mentorship intervention and 29 in the control group who continued with the standard curriculum. Academic achievement was assessed using pretest and posttest scores in English and Mathematics. The moderating roles of age and gender were also investigated. Findings revealed increase in achievement for the experimental group (M gain = 10.62) compared with the control group (M gain = –0.42), with ANCOVA confirming a significant group effect, F(1, 61) = 5.01, p = .029. Age significantly moderated outcomes, F(4, 53) = 4.32, p = .004, with younger students (aged 912) showing the largest gains (M gain = 17.50). Gender did not significantly moderate outcomes, F(2, 57) = 0.94, p = .398, indicating equitable benefits for males and females. Grounded in Social Cognitive Theory and the Effectively Maintained Inequality hypothesis, the findings suggest that peer mentorship is a promising strategy for enhancing achievement and promoting educational equity in disadvantaged contexts. Practical recommendations include implementing agesensitive mentorship structures and ensuring gender-equitable mentor–mentee pairings to maximise impact. 
Language Contact and the Emergence of Ethnically Oriented Varieties of English in Multilingual Nigeria
No full textThis study examines language contact and the emergence of ethnically oriented varieties of English in multilingual communities, with particular emphasis on English as the focal language. It investigates the causes, effects, and outcomes of language contact, as well as the linguistic consequences arising from English interacting with other languages. Using Nigeria as a case study due to its highly multilingual nature, the study explores how sustained contact between English and indigenous languages has led to the development of distinct local and global varieties of English. The research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach and is theoretically anchored in Thomason and Kaufman’s (1988) Language Contact Theory. Data were presented and analyzed textually. Findings reveal that English has come into contact with numerous languages, resulting in the fusion of linguistic features and the emergence of multiple English varieties. The study identifies factors such as colonization, trade, war, intermarriage, tourism, and conquest as major drivers of language contact. These interactions have produced linguistic phenomena including multilingualism, code-mixing, code-switching, language shift, and language death. The findings further demonstrate that language contact brings significant changes to both indigenous and imported languages, with the degree of influence determined by the intensity of contact. The study concludes that language contact is a major catalyst for linguistic variation and multilingual practices and recommends the standardization and strengthening of indigenous languages to mitigate excessive external influenc