Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS AN ETHICAL IMPERATIVE: ALLEVIATING YOUTH RESTIVENESS IN COMMUNITIES DEVASTATED BY EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES IN THE NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA
No full textThe Niger Delta region of Nigeria, rich in oil and gas, epitomizes the paradox of the resource curse, where immense natural wealth coexists with severe community impoverishment and social unrest. The operations of multinational corporations (MNCs) have led to profound environmental degradation, destroying traditional livelihoods and fuelling a cycle of youth restiveness, crime, and militancy. This study posits entrepreneurship not merely as an economic intervention, but as a fundamental ethical obligation for corporate and governmental stakeholders to redress systemic injustices and foster sustainable peace. Adopting a descriptive survey design, data were purposively collected from 348 youths in oil-impacted communities. Results, analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Chi-square tests, reveal that entrepreneurship significantly contributes to economic empowerment (χ²=39.424, p=.002), reduces idleness and reliance on crime (χ²=43.841, p=.000), and redirects youth creativity into productive ventures (χ²=41.236, p=.000). The study concludes that fostering an entrepreneurial ecosystem is a critical, ethics-driven strategy for restorative justice, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and sustainable development in the Niger Delta. We recommend that MNCs, in partnership with government, move beyond peripheral CSR to implement comprehensive, ethically grounded entrepreneurship programs that empower youth, thereby fulfilling a duty to repair and empower host communities
ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENSITY AND INTERNAL BUSINESS PROCESSES IN THE TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY
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The research work examined entrepreneurial intensity and internal business processes in the telecommunication industry. The specific objective of the study among others included to determine if proactiveness and risk taking influences process quality in Nigeria telecommunication industry. The study also examined if innovativeness influences process quality in Nigeria telecommunication industry. The study made use of survey research design that allow for the use of questionnaires to elicit data from the respondents. The population of study comprises 3050 top, middle and lower level managers and members of staff in the branches of the selected telecommunication companies. A sample size of 354 was determined using Taro Yamane method. The sample was drawn using a purposive sample technique. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages and regression analysis. Findings from the study reveal that there is significant relationship between proactiveness and process quality in Nigeria telecommunication industry. Risk taking positively and significantly influenced process quality while there is significant relationship between innovativeness and process quality in Nigeria telecommunication industry. The study recommends that management of firms in the telecommunication industry should instill entrepreneurial mindset among employees through training and learning related factors which are critical in developing entrepreneurial orientation. Government and all stakeholders should create a conducive business environment by proving adequate Security. Businesses need a supportive and favorable business environment to facilitate growth and sustainability
DIVISION OF POWERS OF PRIMARY ORGANS OF A COMPANY IN NIGERIA: A LEGAL APPRAISAL.
No full textThis paper examines the distribution and exercise of corporate powers among the primary organs of a company under the Companies and Allied Matters Act 2020 (CAMA 2020), with particular emphasis on the board of directors, managing directors, and members in general meeting. Anchored on section 87 of CAMA 2020, the study demonstrates that Nigerian company law deliberately separates managerial authority from shareholder control in order to promote efficiency, accountability, and effective corporate governance. While the board of directors is vested with the power to manage the business and affairs of the company, shareholders in general meeting retain supervisory and constitutional powers over fundamental corporate decisions. The paper analyses the powers of directors and the board as a collective organ, showing that individual directors possess no inherent authority outside board authorisation. It further examines the statutory framework for delegation of powers to managing directors under sections 88 and 289(5) of CAMA 2020, arguing that once validly delegated, the managing director functions as a statutory organ of the company whose acts, when carried out in the ordinary course of business, bind the company. However, such delegated authority remains subject to fiduciary duties and active board oversight. A central focus of the paper is the seeming conflict between the powers of the board of directors and those of members in general meeting, particularly in relation to the institution of legal proceedings on behalf of the company. By engaging with Nigerian and persuasive common law authorities, the paper demonstrates that while shareholders possess residual powers under section 87(5) of CAMA 2020, these powers are interventionist and remedial, arising only where the board is unable, unwilling, or has neglected to act. The paper concludes that CAMA 2020 establishes a balanced corporate governance structure in which directors manage, managing directors execute delegated authority, and members in general meeting exercise oversight and corrective control. Judicial interpretation under the post-CAMA 2020 regime increasingly reinforces this balance by recognising the primacy of board management while preserving shareholder intervention as a safeguard against abuse, deadlock, or failure of corporate leadership
TAX INCENTIVES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENTS UNDER THE NIGERIAN TAX ACT 2025: A DOCTRINAL AND POLICY ANALYSIS
No full textThis article conducts a doctrinal and policy analysis of tax incentives for renewable energy investments under the Nigerian Tax Act, 20251. Against the background of Nigeria’s ongoing energy deficit and rising climate commitments, it explores how recent tax reforms reposition fiscal policy as a tool for advancing sustainable energy development. The article focuses on the Economic Development Tax Credit,2 which replaces the former Pioneer Status Incentive, and assesses its design, scope, and implications for renewable energy investors. It also examines related fiscal measures, including capital allowances, value-added tax reliefs, and customs duty exemptions applicable to renewable energy assets. Beyond statutory analysis, the article discusses the interaction between the Nigerian Tax Act 2025 and complementary legislation, notably the Electricity Act 2023, the Climate Change Act 2021, and the Nigeria Revenue Service Act 2025, highlighting areas of coherence and institutional and administrative gaps. Employing a doctrinal legal research methodology and drawing limited comparative insights from Kenya and South Africa, the article contends that while Nigeria’s incentive framework reflects international best practice in shifting towards performance-based and fiscally sustainable incentives, its effectiveness depends on administrative capacity, inter-agency coordination, and transparency in implementation. The article concluded by proposing targeted reforms to enhance the coherence, accessibility, and enforceability of Nigeria’s renewable energy tax incentive regime.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE NON-JUSTICIABILITY CLAUSES OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA 1999 AND THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA
No full textThe doctrine of non-justiciability reflects a constitutional design that limits judicial review in specific domains, particularly socio-economic rights and directive principles of state policy. This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of the non-justiciability clauses under the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 and the Constitution of the Republic of India. While both constitutions embody aspirational provisions that guide governance and social justice, they diverge in their approaches to enforceability. In Nigeria, Chapter II of the 1999 Constitution, which contains the Fundamental Objectives and Directive Principles of State Policy, is expressly declared non-justiciable under section 6(6)(c), thereby excluding courts from adjudicating on matters arising therefrom. Conversely, the Indian Constitution, under Part IV, similarly renders its Directive Principles of State Policy non-justiciable; yet, Indian jurisprudence has progressively evolved to harmonize these principles with justiciable fundamental rights, thereby expanding judicial enforcement of socio-economic entitlements. This study critically compares the textual provisions, judicial interpretations, and practical implications of these clauses in both jurisdictions. It argues that while Nigeria’s rigid stance forecloses judicial creativity in advancing social justice, India’s pragmatic jurisprudence demonstrates a functional reconciliation of non-justiciability with enforceable rights. The paper concludes that Nigeria can draw valuable lessons from India’s judicial activism to reinterpret or reform its constitutional framework, ensuring that socio-economic aspirations translate into enforceable rights; expanding the scope of human rights and the frontiers of constitutionalism without undermining the doctrine of separation of powers
EMERGING DIGITAL RECORDS MANAGEMENT SKILLS REQUIRED OF OFFICE TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT GRADUATES FOR EFFECTIVE PERFORMANCE IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN EBONYI STATE
No full textThe increasing rate of poor performance of Office Technology and Management (OTM) graduates necessitated this study. The study ascertained digital records management skills required of OTM) graduates for effective performance in tertiary institutions in Ebonyi State. The study adopted a survey research design with a population of 302 administrative heads from six public tertiary institutions in Ebonyi State, studied without sampling. One research question guided the study, and two null hypotheses were tested. A validated structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The reliability of the instrument was established using trial-testing and data analyzed using Cronbach Alpha, which yielded a coefficient value of 0.77. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research question and determine the homogeneity of the respondents’ rating, while hypotheses were tested using ANOVA at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed, among others, that digital records management skills such as archival of enduring (historical and legal) records are highly required for effective performance of OTM graduates in tertiary institutions in Ebonyi state. The result of the hypotheses showed that there is a significant difference in the mean ratings of administrative heads on digital records management skills required of OTM graduates for effective performance in tertiary institutions in Ebonyi State, based on years of working experience. It was also discovered that there was no significant difference in the mean ratings of administrative heads on digital records management skills required of OTM graduates for effective performance in tertiary institutions in Ebonyi State, based on the type of institution. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that Office Technology and Management lecturers in tertiary institutions in Nigeria should be continuously retrained through in-service training, workshops, seminars, and conferences to update their digital records management skills. This is to enable them to transmit the emerging record management skills to their students during training for effective performance on graduatio
Information Literacy Skills and Computer Self-Efficacy as Correlates of Electronic Information Resources Usage by Library and Information Science Postgraduate Students in South-East Universities
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This study investigated information literacy skills and computer self-efficacy as correlates of electronic information resources usage by Library and Information Science (LIS) postgraduate students in federal universities in South-East, Nigeria. Two research questions guided the study and two null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Correlation research design was adopted for the study. The population comprised 61 postgraduate students which included 2024/2025 PhD and Master’s Degree students from the Departments of LIS in universities in the South-East that offer postgraduate programme in LIS. The entire population was studied. Three validated instruments titled Information Literacy Skills Test/cognitive ability test (ILKT); Computer Self-Efficacy Scale (CSS) and Use of Electronic Information Resources Questionnaire (UEIRQ) were used for data collection. The instruments were tested for reliability using Kudder-Richardson (K-R20) formula and Cronbach\u27s alpha (α) test. Using Kudder-Richardson, a reliability coefficient of 0.85 was obtained for ILST. Also, reliability coefficient of 0.86 and 0.81 were obtained for CSS and UEIRQ respectively using Cronbach\u27s alpha which was considered high enough for the instruments to be reliable. Pearson’s Product Moment correlation coefficient was used to analyse both the research questions and the research hypotheses. Findings from the study revealed that a very high positive and significant relationship existed between LIS postgraduate students’ information literacy skills and their use of electronic information resources in South-East federal universities. Furthermore, findings from the study revealed that a high positive and significant relationship exist between LIS postgraduate students’ computer self-efficacy and their use of electronic information resources in South-East federal universities. It was also found that there is a high positive and significant relationship between the independent variables (information literacy skills and computer self-efficacy) and dependent variable (use of e-resources) of LIS postgraduate students in federal university libraries. From the study, it implies that information literacy skills enhance LIS postgraduate students’ use of electronic information resources. The study recommended among others, that LIS postgraduate students should endeavour to sustain their computer self-efficacy. This is to enhance their use of electronic information resources
Design of an aging prognostic model to predict failure of a PEM
No full textProton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are promising clean energy technologies for transportation and stationary power applications; however, their large-scale commercialization is limited by durability and lifetime uncertainties arising from complex degradation mechanisms. This study presents the development of a data-driven aging prognostic framework for PEMFC systems using MATLAB, integrating voltage degradation, impedance evolution, neural network prediction, and Remaining Useful Life (RUL) estimation. A feedforward neural network trained with the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm was employed to model the nonlinear degradation behavior of the fuel cell membrane using historical voltage and impedance data. Simulation results demonstrate strong predictive performance, with the trained model achieving close agreement between actual and predicted voltage profiles, as indicated by a regression coefficient approaching unity and prediction errors concentrated near zero. Over a 10-hour operating period, the PEMFC voltage exhibited an initial rise from approximately 1.20 V to 1.25 V due to membran
EFFECT OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ON RESOURCE CONTROL: HOSPITALITY FIRMS PERSPECTIVE IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
No full textThe ability to process and analyze information in a timely manner has become essential for resource utilization and optimization across many organizations, hence necessitating this study to examine the relationship that exists between information management system (IMS) and resource control in hospitality firms in Anambra state, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design, and the population comprised 221 employees of 24 selected hotels across the studied area, and a census method was adopted in terms of sampling. Primary data source was used (structured questionnaire), which passed through face and content validation, and for reliability, Cronbach Alpha method was deployed, and a coefficient of .814 was obtained. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were deployed for the data analysis, and the hypotheses were tested at a 5% significance level using regression analysis. The findings revealed that all the components of IMS (information processing and timely decision support system) had statistically significant effects on operational efficiency. The study, therefore, concluded that improving the information processing and decision-support capabilities of information systems will substantially enhance operational efficiency in the hospitality sector in Anambra State. Based on this, it was recommended that hospitality firms in Anambra State need to invest in advanced information processing and Decision Support Systems (DSS) capable of generating real-time data analytics and predictive insights for the hotels. 
RESOURCE UTILIZATION AND PERFORMANCE OF PRIMARY HEALTHCARE DEVELOPMENT CENTRES IN SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA
No full textPersistent underperformance in Primary Healthcare Development Centres (PHDCs) in South-East Nigeria, reflected in high mortality levels and low patient satisfaction, has raised concerns about the effectiveness of resource utilization practices. This study examined the associations between selected resource management practices—budget variance and absenteeism rate—and indicators of healthcare performance, namely mortality rate and patient satisfaction. Anchored on the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory, the study adopted a survey research design and targeted administrative heads of PHDCs across five states in South-East Nigeria, as they are responsible for planning, monitoring, and reporting resource use and performance outcomes. A population of 3,176 administrative heads was identified, from which a sample size of 359 was determined using Taro Yamane’s formula; 299 valid responses were retrieved through a structured questionnaire. Mortality rate and patient satisfaction were measured using administrators’ reports based on institutional records and routine service evaluations rather than direct patient surveys, a limitation acknowledged in the study. Face and content validity of the instrument were established by experts, while reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients ranging from 0.789 to 0.924. Data were analysed using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation. The results showed that budget variance operationalized as deviations between planned and actual health expenditures was significantly and positively associated with mortality rate (r = .703, p < .001), while absenteeism rate was significantly and negatively associated with patient satisfaction (r = −.729, p < .001). The findings indicate that inconsistencies in financial execution and staff availability are strongly related to variations in healthcare performance outcomes. The study concluded that improving healthcare performance in PHDCs requires better alignment between resource planning and operational execution, though causal inferences are not implied by the correlational design. It therefore recommended that strengthened financial monitoring and staff attendance management to support more consistent healthcare delivery