Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING OF BUSINESSEDUCATION IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS INANAMBRA STATE
No full textThe study ascertained business educators’ rating of equipment maintenance strategies for effectiveteaching of business education in tertiary institutions in Anambra State. Two research questionsguided the study and four hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adoptedthedescriptive research design. The population of the study comprised 122 business educators in the sixtertiary institutions in Anambra State. The instrument for data collection was a 22-itemquestionnairestructured on a 5-point rating scale of Very High Extent (VHE), High Extent (HE), Moderate Extent(ME), Low Extent (LE) and Very Low Extent (VLE). The instrument was validated by three expertsin business education in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. To determine the reliability of theinstrument, a pilot test was conduct. Test on reliability of the instrument using Cronbach Alphamethod which yielded the scores of 0.73, 0.76, for clusters B1 and B2 respectively. Descriptivestatistics of mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research questions and determine thehomogeneity or otherwise of the respondents’ views. The hypotheses were analyzed with one wayAnalysis of Variance and t-test. Findings revealed that business educators rated to a high extent thatpreventive and corrective measures were effective equipment maintenance strategies for effectiveteaching of business education in tertiary institutions in Anambra State. Findings also showedthatgender and institution type influenced the respondents’ opinion. Based on these findings, theresearchers recommended that administrators of business education programme in tertiary institutionsshould regularly organize training programme for business educators and technologist on preventivestrategies for maintaining equipment in the business education programm
ASSESSMENT OF DISCIPLINARY PROBLEMS OF STUDENTS AND MEASURES ADOPTED BY TEACHERS IN CURBING INDISCIPLINE IN NIGERIAN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
No full textThe study assessed the perception of teachers on the disciplinary problems faced by secondary school students and the measures adopted by teachers in disciplining erring students. Research design adopted was descriptive survey. Participants of the study consists of 684 teachers (189 males and 495 females) from public secondary schools in Enugu state of Nigeria selected through disproportionate stratified and simple random sampling techniques. The researcher used self-constructed questionnaire captioned disciplinary problems and measures of secondary school students (DPMSSS) to collect data for the study. Three experts validated the instrument. Reliability co-efficient of the instrument is .79, obtained using Cronbach alpha method. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation.Result indicated that disciplinary problems of students in secondary schools are examination malpractice, stealing, lateness to school, absenteeism, and bullying/fighting, wrong use of cell phones, vandalism, truancy, sexual harassments and insulting of teachers. The disciplinary measures adopted by teachers in secondary schools include verbal warning, referral to principal, referral to disciplinary committee, written warning, and suspension, loss of privileges, manual labour, counseling/therapy, and flogging, discussion, kneeling down and reporting to parents. Gender of the teacher influences disciplinary measures adopted in secondary schools. Whereas the male teachers adopt verbal warning, manual labour and flogging to a very high extent, the female teachers adopt counselling to a very high extent. The research recommends that teachers should adopt a combination of the above measures, melt appropriate and commensurate punishment out to erring students to serve as deterrent to other students
Classroom Management Practices Adopted by Teachers for Enhancing Quality Teaching and Learning in Secondary Education in Anambra State, Nigeria
No full textThe study examined classroom management practices adopted by teachers for quality teaching and learning in public secondary schools in Anambra State, Nigeria. Three research questions guidedthe study and three null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study consisted 6,382 teachers in 263 state government owned secondary schools in the six education zones of Anambra State. A sample size of 638 consisting 192 male and 446 female teachers was drawn using multi-stagesampling procedure. A researchers’ developed instrument titled “Teachers’ Classroom Management Practices Questionnaire” (TCMPQ) structured on a four-point scale and validated by three experts was used for data collection. The internal consistency of the instrument was ascertained using Cronbach’s Alpha and this yielded reliability coefficient of 0.81, 0.86 and 0.70 for the four segments of TCMPQ and 0.79 for the entire instrument. Out of the638 copies of the instrument administered, 617 were retrieved and used for the analyses. Mean rating was used to analyze the research questions and t-test for testing the hypotheses. The findings of the study indicated that teachers adopt all the practices of instructional monitoring, effective communication and classroom arrangement for enhancing quality teaching and learning in Public secondary schools in Anambra State. Based on the findings, it was recommended among other that in order to achieve desired level of quality education, training and retraining of teachers should be made a top priority in the State. Workshops and conferences should be organized by Anambra State government regularly to refreshteachers’ skills in classroom management. This will create enabling environment for teachers’ continuous improvement in their use of classroom management practices
CLASSROOM AND INTER-SCHOOL VISITATION TECHNIQUES UTILIZED BY PRINCIPALS AND SUPERVISORS FOR PROMOTING TEACHER EFFECTIVENESS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE.
No full textThis study focused on ascertaining the extent of utilization of supervisory techniques by principals and supervisors for promoting teacher effectiveness in public secondary schools in Anambra State. Four research questions and four null hypotheses guided the study. The study was carried out in all the public secondary schools in the six education zones in Anambra State. The study adopted a census-survey research design on a population of 350 (268 principals and 82 supervisors) respondents. A 35-item researcher constructed questionnaire was used to rate the extent of utilization of supervisory techniques as it relates to; demonstration, classroom visitation, inter-school visitation and micro-teaching. The instrument was validated by three experts, while a grand reliability index of 0.83 was obtained using Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient. Mean scores were used to answer the four research questions while z-test was used to test the four null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The major findings of the study indicated that both principals and supervisors utilize classroom and inter-school visitation techniques for promoting teacher effectiveness in public secondary schools in Anambra State to a moderate extent. Though they both utilize supervisory techniques to a moderate extent, the supervisors seem to record higher utilization of these techniques compared to the principals. It was recommended among others that the State Education Commission, especially the Post-Primary School Service Commission (PPSSC) should embark on monitoring scheme to ensure that principals utilize the supervisory techniques to a high extent
PRINCIPALS’ MANAGEMENT OF SCHOOL PLANT AS CORRELATE OF TEACHERS’ JOB COMMITMENT IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE
No full textPrincipals’ effective management of school plant encourages personnel in schools to be better and committed to effective service delivery. The application of good management of school plant invariably improves productivity which will in turn influence the achievement of educational objectives. The main purpose of this study was to examine principals’ management of school plant as correlate of teachers’ job commitment in public secondary schools in Anambra State. Two research questions guided the study and two null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted correlational research design. The population of the study comprised 5,133 teachers in 266 public secondary schools in the six Education Zones in Anambra State. The sample of 513 teachers was used for the study. Multi stage sampling procedure was used for the study. The instruments for data collection were researchers-structured questionnaire titled: Principals’ Management of School Plant Questionnaire (PMSPQ) and Teachers’ Job Commitment Questionnaire (TJCQ). The instruments were validated by three experts. The reliability of the instruments were determined using Cronbach Alpha Coefficient method to determine the internal consistency. The average coefficient for PMSPQ is 0.81 and 0.80 for TJCQ. The researchers adopted on-the-spot delivery method with the help of four trained research assistants to collect the data. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used for the study. The findings of the study showed that principals’ management of school building and principals’ management of school premises positively and significantly correlate with teachers’ job commitment in public secondary schools in Anambra State. The study recommended among others that faults detected by school principals as regards the functionality of any school building should be reported to appropriate authorities to be rectified to avoid total disruption of educational activities
Principals’ Instructional Supervision Strategies as a Correlate of Teachers’ Job Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Zamfara State, Nigeria.
No full textThe study investigated principals’ instructional supervision strategies as a correlate of teachers’ job performance in public secondary schools in Zamfara State. Two research questions were formulated to guide the study and two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a correlation research design. The population comprised of all the 4766 teachers in 216 public secondary school in Zamfara state. The proportionate sampling technique was used to draw the sample size of 477 teachers for the study. Two sets of structured questionnaire titled‘ Principals’ Instructional Supervision Strategies Questionnaire’ (PISSQ) with cluster one and two, and ‘Teachers Job Performance Questionnaire’(TJPQ) with four point rating scale were used for data collection. The instruments were content validated by three experts. The reliability coefficient value of 0.72 and 0.74, for cluster one and two respectively while 0.80 was for TJPQ. The instruments were tested using Cronbach Alpha method. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to answer the research questions while the hypotheses were tested using p-value of correlation at 0.05 alpha level. The findings of the study revealed among others that there is a very high positive relationship existing between direct assistance supervision strategy and teachers’ job performance and a moderate positive relationship existing between group assistance instructional supervision strategy and teachers’ job performance in public secondary schools in Zamfara State. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that principals should pay more attention to direct assistance strategy than group assistance strategy so as to enhance teachers’ job performance in public secondary schools in Zamfara State
Prevalence of hospital acquired gastrointestinal protozoa parasites among in-patients of a missionary and private hospital in Awka, Southeastern Nigeria
No full textRegardless of the efforts by health organizations and hospital personnel, research continues to report hospital acquired infections in admitted patients worldwide. This research was carried out to survey the prevalence of hospital acquired gastrointestinal protozoa parasites among admitted patients of Regina Caeli Specialist Hospital (missionary hospital) and Izunna Hospital and Maternity (private hospital) in Awka South LGA of Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria. Two samples each from 79 patients were collected and analyzed using direct wet mount and formol ether concentration technique. Other information concerning demography and risk factors were obtained with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Data obtained was analyzed using chi-square test and probability values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Out of the samples examined, 9(11.4%) were positive for hospital acquired gastrointestinal protozoa parasites. Hospital acquired gastrointestinal protozoa parasites were found to occur in all two hospitals with the missionary hospital having the highest occurrence rate of 66.7%. Males recorded the highest prevalence of 6(15.8%) compared to females 3(7.3%) while age group 50-59years had the highest prevalence of 28.6%. Patients from the male ward recorded a higher prevalence of 17.9%. Meanwhile patients whose occupation is farming had a higher prevalence of 25.0% while patients who only wash their vegetables/fruits sometimes before eating presented a higher prevalence of 18.2%. Prevalence of hospital acquired gastrointestinal protozoa parasite infection was strongly associated with duration of hospital stay (P˂ 0.000). Out of the four parasites identified, Entamoeba histolytica was the most prevalent with 5(55.6%). Consequently, regulation of patients’ hospital stay, sanitation and better hygiene practices should be adopted and encouraged to prevent the spread of hospital acquired infection
Predictors of treatment outcomes among hospitalized multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Nigeria: A retrospective analysis
No full textDespite concerted efforts to end the tuberculosis epidemic by 2030, increasing cases of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) have warranted up-to-date data to inform targeted policy actions needed to battle this health issue. This study evaluates treatment outcomes and associated factors among patients admitted to different multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) specialized treatment centres in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. This was a retrospective, hospital-based, cohort study conducted in twelve (12) MDR–TB specialized treatment centres in Nigeria between January 2012 and December 2018. Data was extracted from the medical records of 832 patients using a structured proforma. Treatment outcomes were categorized as successful (cured, treatment completed) or unsuccessful (non-adherent, treatment failure or death). Relevant bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were done to assess the factors associated with treatment outcomes as well as predictors of successful treatment outcomes. All data analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. In the treatment centres, a calculated successful treatment outcome of 85.9% was achieved. The analysis revealed strong associations between treatment outcomes and various factors, including age (p < 0.001), HIV status (p = 0.038), presence of comorbidities (p < 0.01), and treatment history (p = 0.023). Notably, age, geopolitical zone of treatment, and the presence of comorbidities emerged as significant predictors of successful treatment outcomes
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Platostoma africanum (P. Beauv) leaf in mice
No full textIn Nigeria, traditional medicinal plants are often use to relieve pain and inflammation. Traditional healers in Nigeria folk medicine use herbs like P. africanum (P.beauv) to relieve pain and inflammation. The current work sought to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of methanol crude extract and fractions of P. africanum aerial part in animal models.
Extraction was accomplished through successive maceration with solvents of increasing polarity: methanol, n-hexane, and butanol. Following extraction, the crude extract and fractions were tested for central analgesic activity using the tail immersion test. Anti-inflammatory activity was tested using carrageenan induced paw edema. The extract and fractions were tested at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg dosages. The positive control groups received pentazocine 10 mg/kg for tail immersion and diclofenac potassium 10 mg/kg for paw edema testing, whereas the negative control group received distilled water (10 mL/kg). All treatments were given orally.
africanumfractions demonstrated statistically significant antinociceptive efficacy in both chemical-induced peripheral and thermal-induced central pain (p < 0.001). The maximum dose of the hexane fraction (400 mg/kg) in 90 minutes produced the highest analgesic effects. The extract also had a statistically significant (p < 0.001) effect on carrageenan-induced paw edema in a dose-dependent manner. The greatest dose of butanol (400 mg/kg) in 240 minutes inhibited edema most effectively.
In general, the results of the current investigation revealed that the extract possessed strong analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties and future research is needed to identify the components responsible
STATE GOVERNMENT’ REVENUE STREAMS AND THE ACTUALISATION OF ECONOMIC RECOVERY IN NIGERIA (1990 – 2023)
No full textThis paper investigated the relationship between State Governments’ revenue streams and the economic recovery in Nigerian during the period1990 -2023. Economic recovery involves the revitalization of a national economy following a period of downturn or recession. The study employed ex-post facto research design, the area of study is Nigeria, secondary data was used and obtained from statistical bulletin for various years. Other relevant data was used. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics at 5% level of significance. The findings of the study showed that. States Governments’ allocation from the federation account has a significant positive effect on nominal gross domestic product in Nigeria (p-value = 0.0116). State governments’ Internally generated revenue has insignificant positive effect on nominal gross domestic product in Nigeria (p-value = 0.0782). State governments’ share of the Value added tax has insignificant positive effect on nominal gross domestic product in Nigeria (p-value = 0.0903). The study recommended that State governments should improve strategies to increase internally generated revenue through more effective collection of taxes, fees, and other levied sources. Expanding the tax net and minimizing evasion can boost this important revenue stream to support further economic growth