Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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Preliminary Characterizations of Lejja Iron Ores for Steel Making Processes
No full textThere is need to characterise the iron ore to determine their grade based on the iron and other mineral contents before usage. Comprehensive research has been carried out on the characterisation of Jaruwa, Agbaja and other deposits in Nigeria. But little or no work has been carried out on the characterisation of the iron deposit at lejja village. This research will help to reduce the over dependence of Nigeria on imported iron ore. In this study, iron ores from deposits from three Lejja villages: Amankwo, Dunoka and Umuakpo were characterised using X-ray diffractometer, X-ray florescence spectrometer, and scanning electron microscope. Phase identification and chemical compositions revealed that the iron ore content of the Amankwo village deposit is higher (73.50%) than that of the Dunoka village (71.57%), and the Umuakpo village (57.14%). The phosphorus contents of the deposits were higher than 0.04% recommended for high grade iron ore. Iron ore from Umuakpo contained more silica and alumina than Amankwo and Dunoka deposits. A spherical ooids (concentric layer) that shows partial and whole replacement by hematite (iron precipitates around a nucleus) was observed on the petrograph of Umuakpo ore as against the darker areas which signified more iron contents in Amankwo ore. Based on the findings, Amankwo village and Dunoka village deposits can be classified as high-grade hematite iron ore while Umuakpo village deposits can be classified as lean grade, although all can serve as feedstock for production of iron through the direct reduction route
Early Detection of Safety Signal for COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Surveillance
No full textEarly detection of adverse events is crucial in vaccine safety surveillance, especially for rare events often missed in pre-licensure clinical trials due to limited sample sizes. To address the challenge of vaccine safety monitoring and early signal detection, we conducted a comprehensive safety surveillance study utilizing Poisson and Binomial-based MaxSPRT methods. For Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) and anaphylaxis, we employed the PMaxSPRT model due to their rarity, while for syncope and seizures; the Binomial-based MaxSPRT was applied. Using PMaxSPRT, no signal was detected for GBS, emphasizing the vaccine\u27s safety in this regard. However, a signal for anaphylaxis was generated in the twelfth month, indicating a potential association. Employing the Binomial model, we found signals for both seizures and syncope
Wireless sensor networks: A vital tool for improved agricultural practices in Nigeria
No full textAgricultural practices in Nigeria are still mainly based on conventional methods of farming which usually result in wastage of resource wastage and low crop yield making it impossible to meet the country\u27s food demand. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have emerged as a vital tool for enhancing agricultural productivity by enabling real-time monitoring and efficient resource management. This technology integrates various sensors to gather critical environmental data such as soil moisture, soil temperature, humidity and water levels, providing valuable insights for precision agriculture. By automating irrigation and improving crop monitoring, wireless sensor networks help optimize water usage, reduce resource wastage and increase crop yields. This paper explores the applications and benefits of wireless sensor networks in agriculture, demonstrating their potential to transform farming practices and contribute to sustainable agriculture in Nigeria particularly in terms of massive food production. It was observed that the sensor data fusion value of 55.48 integrates all sensor data over 31 days. This result represents a comprehensive, averaged value that can be used to make more reliable decisions about agricultural practices in Nigeria in order to improve its productivity
Migration Et Mondialisation Du Travail Dans Quatre Littératures Africaines Francophones Contemporaines Choisies
No full textL\u27impact de la migration, qu\u27elle soit interne ou internationale, a des répercussions importantes sur le développement économique, qui peuvent être positives ou négatives. Nous examinons les thèmes de la migration et de la mondialisation du travail dans quatre œuvres africaines francophones contemporaines. Notre objectif est d\u27analyser les œuvres de quatre écrivains africains, Alain Mabanckou et FatouDiome, afin d\u27explorer la manière dont ils abordent la relation complexe entre la mobilité, le travail et la mondialisation. Les œuvres littéraires étudiées sont Black Bazar (2009) et Tais-toi et meurs (2012) d\u27Alain Mabanckou et Le Ventre de l\u27Atlantique (2003) et Celles qui attendent (2010) de FatouDiome. À l\u27aide de la théorie postcoloniale, nous analysons les récits de ces auteurs et proposons des perspectives alternatives sur les expériences des migrants africains. Nous soutenons que le lien entre la migration et le travail dans les études littéraires africaines a été négligé, et que l\u27exploration de cette corrélation peut offrir une nouvelle perspective sur la fiction africaine et sa pertinence mondiale. En comprenant la relation complexe entre la mobilité et le travail dans les récits africains, nous pouvons obtenir des informations précieuses pour des discussions plus larges sur la migration, les disparités économiques et les structures sociétales dans le monde. Cette exploration n\u27enrichit pas seulement notre compréhension de la littérature africaine, mais éclaire également les thèmes universels de la mobilité humaine et de son impact sur les sociétés à l\u27échelle mondiale.
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The Relevance of Folktale as a Genre of Folklore and Stimulus for Moral Lessons in African Society
No full textFolklore, a cornerstone of cultural heritage, encompasses a tapestry of traditions, beliefs, and narratives passed down through generations. Drawing within the rich mosaic of African society, it is a vibrant thread, weaving a powerful narrative that reinforces societal norms while inviting the audience to reflect on their own beliefs and values. Folktales have been integral to human culture for centuries, serving as vessels for moral teachings, wisdom, and cultural preservation. Armed with this awareness, the study selects Ikechukwu Asika’s Omalinze, as it dramatic text. Folklore is a cultural based phenomenon, it is in this regards that this study is guided by the theory of New Historicism, which is the study of literature that investigates social and historical issues, complex ethical issues, encourages empathy and understanding. It ultimately promotes a deeper engagement with Igbo culture and its enduring moral lessons from the dramatic lens of the playwright. The researcher did a textual analysis of the play using primary and secondary sources of data collection. The study discovers that incorporating folktales educate people in ethical and moral values, deepens character development, resonates with the audiences, cautioned against anti-social behaviors and promotes storytelling as a means of moral education, in shaping the youngster, and even adults. The study recommends that folktale should continue to be held in high esteem, as a timeless repository of wisdom, moral lessons, cultural resonance, communal storytelling and cultural identity, as it continues to inspire, educate, and unite audiences across generations, embodying the timeless values and aspirations of African societies through the ages
Èèwò̩ Yorùbá Nínú Ètò Ìs̩èlú Ilè̩ Nàìjíríà: (Èèwò̩ (Taboo) Yorùbá in Political Happenings of Nigeria)
No full textÈèwò̩ jé̩ ò̩kan pàtàkì nínú às̩à Yorùbá tí ó dàbí òfin tí e̩niké̩ni kò gbo̩dò̩ rú, tí àwo̩n o̩mo̩ Káàárò̩-o-ò-jíire ń s̩e àmúlò rè̩ láti ìgbà ìwásè̩ fún ààbò àti àlàáfíà tó péye láàrin ìlú. Bí ó tilè̩ jé̩ pé è̩sìn àjèjì, ò̩làjú àti ohun ìgbàlódé kò jé̩ kí ò̩pò̩lo̩pò̩ èèwò̩ Yorùbá fi e̩sè̩ múlè̩ ní àwùjo̩ òde òní, síbè̩síbè̩ àwo̩n o̩mo̩ Yorùbá tí èdè àti às̩à Yorùbá yé yékéyéké sì nígbàgbó̩ pé lóòrè-kóòrè ni èèwò̩ ń farahàn nínú ètò Ìs̩èlú àti Ìs̩èjo̩ba orílè̩ èdè Nàìjíríà èyí tí kò mú àlàáfíà bá ìlú. Détà fún is̩é̩ yii wá láti inú ò̩kan-ò-jò̩kan às̩àyàn ìwé tí ò̩rò̩ èèwò̩ àti ìs̩è̩lè̩ ìs̩èlú s̩odo sínú wo̩n pè̩lú ìfò̩rò̩wánilé̩nuwò onígbè̩fé̩ láti ò̩dò̩ àwo̩n abé̩nà ìwádìí méjì tí ó mo̩ tìfun-tè̩dò̩ èèwò̩ ilè̩ Yorùbá. Ète ìtúpalè̩ a-je̩-más̩à àti àwùjo̩ ni a lò fún ìtúpalè̩ bébà yìí nítorí pé nínú às̩à àwùjo̩ ni èèwò̩ wà àti pé àwùjo̩ ni ó ń s̩e àmúlò rè̩ gé̩gé̩ bí ó s̩e farahàn nínú ìs̩è̩lè̩ ètò ìs̩èlú àtè̩yìnwá ní orílè̩ èdè Nàìjíríà. Ìyànjú láti jé̩ kí á mo̩ ohun tí èèwò̩ jé̩, bí ó s̩e bè̩rè̩, àwo̩n ohun tó farahàn gé̩gé̩ bí èèwò̩ nínú Ìs̩èlú Ilè̩ Nàìjíríà, dídé̩jàá èèwò̩ àti ìjìyà tí ó wà fún e̩ni tó dé̩jàá èèwò̩ pè̩lú èròǹgbà pé, ó ye̩ kí àwùjo̩ òde òní s̩e àmúlò ìjì̀yà tó tó̩ fún dídé̩jàá èèwò̩ bí ó s̩e wà ní àtètèkó̩s̩e láìfi ò̩pò̩lo̩pò̩ àkókò s̩òfò tàbí ki o̩wó̩ òs̩èlú bo̩ ì̀wà ò̩daràn kí ìdájó̩ òdodo tó wáyé bí ti òde òní, ni ó s̩okùnfà pépà yìí. Ìmújáde èrò inú pépà yìí fi ìdí ò̩rò̩ múlè̩ pé èèwò̩ gan-an ni ó di òfin tí àwùjo̩ ń s̩àmúlò lóde òní, tí dídé̩jàá rè̩ túmò̩ sí rírú òfin èyi tí ó ye̩ kó ní ìjìyà lábé̩ òfin. Ó hàn gbangba pé lóòótó̩ ni ìjìyà wà fún arúfin nínú èèwò̩ láìfi àkókò s̩òfò, s̩ùgbó̩n lóde òní, nígbà mìíràn, arúfin kì í tètè gba ìdájó̩ è̩s̩è̩ tàbí kí ó má tilè̩ jìyà è̩s̩è̩ rárá nítorí pé àwo̩n alás̩e̩ lè ti fi o̩wó̩ òs̩èlú bò̩ ó̩. Ó ye̩ kí àwo̩n alás̩e̩ ìlú àti àwùjo̩ lápapò̩ padà sí e̩se̩ àárò̩ kí á sì s̩e àwòkó̩s̩e àwo̩n ò̩na tí Yorùbá ń gbà láyé o̩jó̩sí láti s̩e ìdájó̩ òdodo èyí tí kìí fi àkókò s̩òfò tàbí gbó̩mo̩ O̩bà fún Ò̩s̩un lórí adé̩jàá tàbí arúfin èèwò̩
Re-(Re)Portraying Bodies in Twenty-First-Century Imaginaries: A Study of R. J. Palacio’s Wonder
No full textThere has been a conflict in the human body over what is supposed to be versus what is seen. The generally accepted notion of what it must be has become the societal norm. Any other physical structures of the human body that are against or not under the umbrella of normalcy are incomplete being, unproductive, unimportant and inhuman in society. Hence, this wrong social mapping has affected their fictional representations over centuries. Recently, scholars have observed that works of art of this present century depict different view that contradicts man’s opinion. Therefore, this study examines re-(re)portraying bodies in twenty-first-century imaginaries: a study of R. J. Palacio’s Wonder. This qualitative research seems not to have been examined which justifies its investigation. Disability literary theory that projects and instigates capabilities in impaired individuals is adopted as its theoretical framework. The textual analysis of the study finds out that the bodies (facial distortion) of August Pullman also called Auggie is re-(re)portrayed by defying societal ideals. Conclusively, the literary writer deconstructs social ideologies of bodies through the handicapped potentials to re-(re)present bodies
Deepening democracy for sustainable development: An assessment of the presidential system of government in Nigeria
No full textNigeria is yet to utilize its intrinsic potentials for effective transformation of the economy, leading to endless conversations on the possible causation of the absence of tangible development in various aspects of the economy. Nevertheless, there were suggestions that the operationalization of the presidential system of democratic administration impedes sustainable development in Nigeria because of its resultant high cost on governance implications. Recent debates on the appropriate democratic system of administration that the country should adopt have focused more on whether Nigeria should continue with the presidential system or revert to the previous parliamentary type adopted at the wake of independence for sustainable development. In essence, much literature on government and development has not paid adequate attention to the impact of the presidential system on sustainable development in Nigeria. Thus, the inability of the system to transform the economy and activate the necessary economic and political indicators required for sustainable development led to gaps in the socio-economic and political development in Nigeria.
Essentially, this study attempts to examine the presidential system in relation to its impact on capital expenditures. Consequently, secondary sources of data collection were used to explore information from government, democracy, and sustainable development literature, journals, textbooks, official documents, news articles, and internet sources. Key informant interviews were conducted with key democratic institutions and individuals, and the gathered data was qualitatively analyzed using the content analysis method. The study shows a significant level of influence of the above identified issues on sustainable development in Nigeria.
The paper, concludes that the presidential system of democratic administration in Nigeria is fraught with an overbloated structure that exerts a burden of high cost of governance implications on the economy. However, the reduction in size and structure of the presidential system reduces recurrent expenditure, and funds are saved through increased funding for capital projects. Thus, issues impeding sustainable development are being addressed
Sustainable Forest Management Practices to Combat Deforestation
No full textDeforestation has a devastating impact on the environment and society. When forests are cleared for agriculture, logging or development, it leads to a loss of habitat for wildlife and disrupts the ecosystem. Forests are essential in regulating the Earth\u27s climate by absorbing large amounts of carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. Sustainable forest management (SFM) is the management of forests according to the principles of sustainable development. Sustainable forest management must keep a balance between the three main pillars: ecological, economic and socio-cultural. The goal of sustainable forestry is to allow for a balance to be found between making use of trees while maintaining natural patterns of disturbance and regeneration. We review several techniques for managing a forest sustainably. These strategies include: Adopting sustainable forestry practices that prioritise the long-term health and productivity of forest ecosystems. This includes selectively harvesting trees, replanting and restoring degraded areas, and ensuring sufficient wildlife habitat is preserved. Reducing or eliminating clearcut logging, a method that involves removing entire forests in one go, leads to significant ecosystem disruption. Alternative approaches include selective logging, where only mature trees are harvested, or shelterwood logging, where younger trees remain in place to provide habitat for wildlife and promote forest regeneration. Protecting primary and intact forests, as these ecosystems have remained largely undisturbed by human activities. These areas are essential for maintaining biodiversity and storing carbon, making them vital to the fight against climate change and biodiversity loss. Implementing stricter deforestation regulations, including setting limits on how much forest can be harvested, the methods used, and ensuring that companies compensate for any damage caused. Governments can also provide incentives to companies that prioritise sustainable forestry practices and levy fines and penalties for breaches of deforestation regulations. Encouraging the use of recycled and alternative materials can also reduce the demand for newly harvested timber and promote responsible forestry management. This includes using recycled paper products, alternative building materials such as bamboo or recycled plastic, and supporting the development of sustainable production methods
Interwoven Dynamics of Family and Society in Ikechukwu Ezema\u27s The Reward
No full textThis paper investigates the complex relationship between family dynamics and societal influences in Ikechukwu Ezema\u27s poignant novel, The Reward. Despite the paucity of research examining these concepts within the text, family and society are intricately linked and hold deep sociological significance. Through a meticulous analysis of the novel\u27s narrative, this study explores how human actions and behaviour shape the contours of familial relationships and their reverberating impact on the broader societal fabric. By scrutinizing the events and scenarios depicted in The Reward, this paper illuminates the ways in which parenting, upbringing, and familial bonds mold individuals, ultimately influencing their roles and contributions to society. The study offers a nuanced examination of The Reward, unveiling the multifaceted interaction between the microcosm of family and the macrocosm of society. It delves into the complexities of human behaviour, parental influence, and the intricate web of familial dynamics, shedding light on their profound impact on individual development and societal structures. Through a comprehensive analysis, this paper unravels the profound truths woven into Ezema\u27s narrative, accentuating the long-term significance of these sociological concepts in shaping the human experience