Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
Not a member yet
5579 research outputs found
Sort by
MONETARY POLICY AND EXCHANGE RATE DYNAMICS IN NIGERIA
No full textExchange rate stability remains a central concern for Nigeria’s economic performance, given its implications for growth, investment, and external competitiveness. Persistent exchange rate volatility has raised questions about the effectiveness of monetary policy in managing macroeconomic stability. This study investigates the impact of monetary policy on exchange rate dynamics in Nigeria using annual time series data from 1986 to 2023. The analysis applied the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) framework, and the results showed that money supply exerted a positive but insignificant impact on the real exchange rate, while interest rate has positive and significant impact. On the other hand, real gross domestic product and credit to private sector have negative but significant impact on exchange rate behaviour. Similarly, inflation rate negatively impacted exchange rate dynamics but the impact was not significant. These findings highlight the crucial role of monetary policy in exchange rate management. The study therefore recommends that government authorities should adopt sound monetary policies to promote exchange rate stability, while the Central Bank of Nigeria should implement a single-digit interest rate regime to lower the cost of capital, encourage private sector investment, and improve the ease of doing business. 
DIVIDEND TAXATION IN NIGERIA: ADDRESSING DOUBLE TAXATION,CHALLENGES, REFORMS, AND PROSPECTS FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH
No full textDividend taxation and withholding tax are critical components of Nigeria’s tax system, influencing revenue generation, investment decisions, and overall economic growth. However, the current legal framework presents significant challenges, including issues of double taxation, administrative inefficiencies, and inconsistencies in tax laws. This study adopts a doctrinal methodology to critically analyze the statutory provisions governing dividend taxation and withholding tax in Nigeria, focusing on the Companies Income Tax Act (CITA), the Personal Income Tax Act (PITA), and relevant provisions of the Finance Acts. It examines judicial interpretations and scholarly perspectives on the applicability and effectiveness of these laws in achieving fiscal sustainability.The study finds that while recent legislative reforms have sought to improve tax administration and revenue mobilization, persistent gaps in legal clarity, enforcement mechanisms, and tax treaty applications continue to hinder optimal compliance and economic benefits. The study recommends legislative refinements, clearer regulatory guidelines, and enhanced legal interpretations to create a more efficient and investor-friendly tax system. A well-structured dividend taxation regime is crucial for boosting investment, fostering economic growth, and ensuring equitable tax administration in Nigeria
SAME SEX MARRIAGE, FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION AND CULTURAL RELATIVISM IN NIGERIA: AN OVERVIEW
No full textSame-sex marriage has emerged as a contentious issue globally, with significant legal, cultural, andsocial implications. This study seeks to examine the intersection between same-sex marriage,freedom of association, and cultural relativism in Nigeria, focusing on the challenges and prospectsof reconciling global human rights standards with deeply rooted cultural and religious values. Thework highlights the dual dynamics of the discourse, where the assertion of freedom of association asa fundamental right collides with strong societal opposition rooted in cultural relativism andtraditional beliefs. The research seeks to underscore the role of Nigeria\u27s legal framework,particularly the Same-Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act 2014, in shaping the discourse and the broaderimplications for human rights and social cohesion. While the study acknowledges the significance ofcultural relativism in preserving societal identity, it will critique the legal and social barriers thatmarginalize LGBTQ individuals and restrict their fundamental freedoms. The doctrinal methodologyis employed by analyzing statutes, case law, and scholarly articles to evaluate the current legalframework and its alignment with international human rights obligations. The findings reveal thatthe legal prohibition of same-sex marriage exacerbates discrimination and infringes on the rights tofreedom of association and equality. The work recommends a nuanced approach that balancescultural sensitivities with the universality of human rights. It calls for public dialogue, legal reforms,and enhanced awareness campaigns to foster inclusivity while respecting cultural contexts. The studyconcludes that addressing the complexities of same-sex marriage in Nigeria requires an adaptivelegal framework that harmonizes cultural relativism with fundamental freedoms, ensuring socialharmony and the protection of human dignity
INVENTORY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND PROFITABILITY OF SELECTED QUOTED FOOD AND BEVERAGE FIRMS IN NIGERIA
No full textThis study examined the relationship between inventory management practices and financial performance among Nigeria\u27s listed food and beverage companies, with particular emphasis on Flour Mills of Nigeria Plc and Nigeria Breweries Plc. The research specifically assesses the impact of inventory holding costs, ordering costs, and turnover rates on corporate profitability, measured through Return on Assets (ROA). The analysis utilizes seventeen years of secondary data (2008-2024) and employs a combination of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and panel regression techniques to evaluate these relationships. The methodological approach ensures robust examination of inventory management\u27s financial implications within Nigeria\u27s food and beverage sector. The results demonstrate that elevated inventory holding and ordering costs adversely affect profitability, while improved inventory turnover exerts a positive influence. These findings underscore that strategic inventory management characterized by enhanced turnover efficiency coupled with cost containment can substantially boost financial performance. The study contributes to existing literature by addressing sector-specific knowledge gaps and provides actionable insights for industry practitioners and policymakers, recommending investments in modern inventory systems, workforce training, and turnover optimization strategies to maximize profitability
A Geospatial Assessment of Urban Transportation Systems in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo State
No full textUrban Transportation contributes immensely to the socio-economic growth of nations including Nigeria and also helps regions and countries to become more prosperous and productive. The study applied GIS in urban transportation planning in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State to solve problems like traffic congestions, illegal bus-stops and non-availability of digital road maps. GIS technology was used to look into transportation future in Ibadan by expanding the already existing roads and the affected structures were determined. GIS methodology was adopted by using both primary and secondary data sets to design and create spatial database. Handheld GPS was used to coordinate the locations of the bus-stops while the analogue map from Town Planning Office was scanned, georeferenced and the entities digitized using ArcGIS 10.8.1. The study adopted 1000m spacing for bus-stops to get 26 instead of existing 55. The study identified six major routes: Orogun-Mokola (7.31km), Orogun-Agodi-Beere (9.32km), Mokola-Agodi Gate (3.6km), Sango-Polytechnic (2.25km), Beere-Gate Bus Stop (2.80km) and Gate-Basorun (3.74km) with widths between 25.02m and 14.39m. The expansion of these routes will affect 1002 buildings for Bus Rapid Transit. Orogun-Mokola and Mokola-Agodi Gate routes were conceived for rail system. The road corridors if extended to 60m; 358 and 129 buildings will be affected along Orogun-Mokola and Mokola-Agodi Gate routes respectively. The study generated best and alternative routes to be 5.42km and 5.88km respectively between Amusement Park and UCH. The study concluded by recommending consideration for road junctions when citing bus stops and further study on congestion index along the major routes.
Utilising a unique method to monitor Large Oil Storage Tanks\u27 deformations via Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR)
No full textA method for monitoring the deformation of big oil storage tanks is proposed in this study. The method makes use of the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) methodology. The purpose of this endeavour is to propose a solution that addresses the problem of oil spillage that occurs as a result of the collapse of oil storage tanks. If massive oil storage tanks were to fail, it might have catastrophic consequences, including the loss of lives and property, the contamination of aquatic life, and the filing of lawsuits, among other things. Thus, the focus was on Forcados, Warri, Delta State, Nigeria as the location of the research area. The satellite imagery that was utilised was obtained from the Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite hub of the European Space Agency (ESA) between 12 months, covering the months of March 2016 until March 2017. To determine the state of these engineering structures and to identify any significant deviations from their original design, it is pertinent to perform periodic monitoring of these structures from time to time. For the detection of likely displacements as well as validating deformations measured upon the crude oil storage tank, a technology known as the Small Baseline Subset Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-DInSAR) approach was utilised. It was paired with an Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) approach to analyse the data. One of the 10 tanks that are located within the research area is used to illustrate the validation analysis. This tank is number seven. According to the findings, the horizontal distortions across the circular cross-section of the 7th Tank fall somewhere in a spectrum of -29.669mm and -3.131mm over the course of the study
Terrain Analysis Along Major Roads in University of Lagos Campus
No full textInvestigation into surface level is an exercise that provides the required data for lasting solutions to environmental and engineering problems. Flooding is a major environmental problem that causes unquantifiable damages and requires engineering solutions. University of Lagos is located close to the Lagoon making many areas within the University to be susceptible to flooding. Investigation into the surface level on the major roads of the University of Lagos will provide information for a better understanding of flooding on campus. This study, therefore, carried out the terrain analysis of major roads within the University of Lagos to identifying flood prone areas along the road. Automatic level was used in a levelling exercise along the roads. Observations were taking at every 25 meter intervals at the two sides of the roads as well as the center lines of the roads. Observed data were processed and accuracy obtained agrees with a second order levelling. Results were presented in longitudinal sections using the central road data observations. Contour lines and flow direction map were also produced using both center line and road side observations. A Digital Terrain Model of the major roads was produced and a 3D wireframe that shows the terrain formation along the major roads. Analysis of the results revealed flood prone spots. It was concluded that another study of the entire University of Lagos as well as the analysis of the drainage system in the immediate vicinity of the campus is required to proffer a lasting solution to flooding on the campus.  
Effects of participation in the village alive development initiative on the socioeconomic status of beneficiaries in Kwara State, Nigeria
No full textThis study investigates the impact of the Village Alive Development Initiative (VADI) on the socioeconomic status of rural farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. The primary aim was to assess how VADI, initiated by the Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute (ARMTI), impacted on the livelihoods of small-scale farmers through training, credit access, and capacity building. Employing a three-stage sampling method, 120 beneficiaries were surveyed to gather data on their socioeconomic characteristics and the perceived benefits of VADI. Frequency counts, percentages and weighted mean scores (WMS) were used for data analysis. Key findings reveal that participants reported significant improvements in their economic conditions, with increased income (WMS = 3.34) and productivity attributed to enhanced access to credit (WMS = 3.78). Also, the intervention helped beneficiaries to reduce post-harvest losses (WMS = 3.24) and facilitated diversification of income sources during the dry season (WMS = 3.37). The study concludes that VADI effectively empowers rural dwellers, promoting sustainable development and economic resilience. Recommendations include streamlining loan disbursement processes, increasing educational initiatives, and establishing local banking facilities to further support beneficiaries
SWOT analysis of rice processing industry in Kano State, Nigeria: An empirical review
No full textThe rice processing industry in Kano State, Nigeria, plays a pivotal role in the country\u27s agricultural economy, contributing to food security and employment. This study aims to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats within Kano\u27s rice processing sector. A systematic review was adopted with the aid of a strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis to evaluate the secondary information reviewed about rice value chain activities in Kano State, especially on rice processing industry-related studies. Results of the evaluation reveal the high profitability, availability of raw materials, and established irrigation systems as the strengths of the processing industries in the state. Weaknesses reported were low mechanization, high input costs, and poor infrastructure. Opportunities for growth lie in modernization, mechanization, and government support, while threats such as fluctuating input costs, competition with imported rice, and inconsistent government policies hinder the industry\u27s potential. It is therefore concluded that the rice processing industry in Kano shows great potential for growth and profitability, but significant challenges need to be addressed. Investments in mechanization, infrastructure improvements, and access to credit are essential to overcoming the weaknesses and mitigating the threats facing the industry and are hence recommended. 
Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from cultured and wild Clarias gariepinus in Awka, Nigeria
No full textThe presence of antimicrobial resistance in fish poses a serious risk to human health. The study evaluated the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in cultured and wild Clarias gariepinus in Awka. A total number of forty-two live adult C. gariepinus were obtained from three aquaculture farms and three sampling points in Ebenebe river. Bacterial isolates were obtained from the muscles of the fish samples and identified through morphological and biochemical tests. The isolates were then tested for antibiotic susceptibility to Tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin, Amoxicillin and Azithromycin using the disc diffusion method. The results revealed that a total of 38 bacterial isolates belonging to five different bacterial species were recovered from the fish muscles. The most prevalent bacteria isolated in cultured and wild C. gariepinus were Staphylococcus aureus, (26.31%), followed by Echerichia coli (21.05%), Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.42%) while Salmonella enterica was the least prevalent bacteria (15.79%). The antibiotic susceptibility test of the fish samples in this study revealed that bacteria isolated from cultured and wild C. gariepinus showed various levels of resistance to all the tested antibiotics. Bacterial isolates from the study showed high resistance to Tetracycline (60.53%), moderate resistance to Ciprofloxacin (23.68%) and Amoxicillin (13.16%) and low resistance to Azithromycin (7.89%). However, bacteria isolated from cultured C. gariepinus exhibited higher levels of resistance to antibiotics compared to those isolated from wild C. gariepinus. It is therefore recommended that antibiotic resistance patterns in fish should be regularly monitored to help protect the health of fish and human