Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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LEADERSHIP STYLES OF UNIVERSITY LIBRARIANS IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
No full textThis study investigated leadership styles employed by university librarians in public university libraries in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study was made up of 67 librarians in three public university libraries in Rivers State, Nigeria. Data was gathered using a questionnaire and analyzed using simple frequency and percentage techniques with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 22). Findings reveal democratic leadership (38.8%) and transformational leadership (31.3%) are the most common leadership styles. Also, majority of library staff (73.1%) accept that leadership styles influence the positive organizational culture for an overall constructive and supportive work environment. This study concluded that the leadership style of librarians in public university libraries in Rivers State is participative and transformational. 
ACHEIVING SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT IN SOLID MINERIAL EXPLORATION IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
No full textAchieving a sustainable environment during mining activities within Anambra State has been a serious threat due to its potential impact on communities and ecological units. The study aimed at suggesting outlines that are very necessary in considering and planning for a sustainable environment in solid mineral exploration within the study area. The methodology adopted in this study is ground-truthing approach for effective documentation of the impact of mining activities within the area. The outcome of the study reveals that most of the populace within Nsugbe and Umueri areas have been dispersed as a result of the dynamite explosion during the extraction of the iron stone for various civil engineering purposes. Also, most building foundations within the study area have been disturbed and faulted due to ongoing mining activities in the area. The result shows that the extraction of laterites within Awka, Enugu-Ukwu, Ukpo, Agulu, Nanka, Ekwulobia, Oko and others have accelerated gully erosion within the study area. The outcome also established the importance of integrating all viable approaches to curb the incessant extraction of solid minerals without adequate environmental impact assessment and preventive measures. The study suggests workable environmental laws that will solve economic, social and environmental issues across the life span of mining activities within the study area in order to achieve UN-SDGs 11
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN LOWER BASIC EDUCATION DELIVERY FOR PROMOTING PUPILS ACADEMIC INTEREST AND PERFORMANCE IN PANKSHIN LOCAL GOVERNMENT EDUCATION AUTHORITY, PLATEAU STATE
No full textThe study investigated community involvement in lower basic education delivery for promoting pupils academic interest and performance in Pankshin local government education authority, Plateau State. Three research question and two hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted the descriptive survey design. Simple random sampling was adopted to select 200 respondents out of the total population of 600 teachers from Lower basic schools in Pankshin L.G.A. The instrument titled: community involvement in lower basic education delivery for promoting pupils academic interest and performance (CILBEDPPAIP) questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents from the sampled schools. Face and content validity of the instrument was determined by three experts. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach Alpha and the reliability coefficients of 0.82, 0.80 and 0.81 was obtained with an overall reliability coefficient of 0.81 which was considered high for the study. Data were collected and analyzed using mean and standard deviation while Pearson Moment correlation coefficient was used to test the hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed that the communities are involved in lower basic education delivery at moderate rate and absence of community involvement in lower basic education would affects pupils’ academic interest and performance poorly. Findings also revealed low positive involvement of community in lower basic education delivery for promoting pupils academic interest and performance. There was significant relationship between community involvement in lower basic education delivery and pupil’s academic interest and performance in Pankshin Local Government Education Authority. There is no significant difference between community Involvement in Basic Education Delivery in Lower Basic schools in Pankshin Local Government Education Authority and Academic Interest of Pupils in Lower Basic Schools in Pankshin. Based on the findings of the study , it was recommended that school heads should ensure good school community relationship as this could help mobilize community members to increase their involvement in school management. On the other hand, advocacy materials can be printed and placed at strategic corners in the school as well as awareness campaign on the importance of community involvement in education to enhance sustainable growth in education and economy
INFLUENCE OF RECESS ON PUPIL’S ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN AWKA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT EDUCATION AUTHORITY
No full textThis study determined the influence of recess on pupil’s academic performance in Awka South Local Government Education Authority. Two purpose and two research questions guided the study. The population for the study comprises 927 basic school teachers in 45 basic schools in Awka South Local Government Education Authority, in Anambra State. The sample for this study comprised 125 primary school teachers drawn from the sampled 25 basic schools in Awka South Local Government Education Authority. This represents approximately 13.5 percent of the entire population. Using the simple random sampling technique of balloting with replacement, 5 teachers in public basic schools were selected from each of the sampled basic schools in Awka South Local Government Education Authority. The instrument for data collection was a 14 item self-structured questionnaire. The instrument was face and content validated by three experts, one in the Department of Educational Foundations and two from the Department of Early Childhood and Primary Education all from the Faculty of Education in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was established using the Cronbach alpha method and yielded coefficient values of 0.64 and 0.71 for sections A and B. Questionnaires were administered personally by the researcher with the help of two (2) research assistants. Data collected for this study was analyzed using mean and standard deviation for research questions. The findings of the study revealed that the respondents rated strongly agreed to the items raised on the influence of recess on pupil’s academic performance in Arithmetic in Awka South Local Government Education Authority; the study further reported that the respondents rated agreed to the items raised on the influence of recess on pupil’s academic performance in reading comprehension in Awka South Local Government Education Authority. Conclusion was made and it was recommended that State Ministry of Education should ensure that adequate play facilities are provided, before granting approval to schools among others
Litigation against MNCs: A Medium for Accountability for Human Rights Violations in theMining Industry
No full textLawsuits against multinational corporations (MNCs) are one of the means to hold companiesaccountable for violations of human rights in sectors like mining, where the consequences on theenvironment and local communities are often severe. Notwithstanding the massive financial power oflarge multinational firms, lawsuits offer a means of seeking justice, righting wrongs, and defendinghuman rights standards. Numerous mining operations take place in countries with weak regulatoryframeworks or where the government may be complicit in human rights abuses such as forceddisplacement, child labour, and environmental damage. In some cases, litigation may be heard underthe jurisdiction of the parent company\u27s native country\u27s courts while it may be difficult to institute legalaction against companies that committed such wrongful acts. This could compel the multinationalcorporation to take responsibility for its foreign operations. Therefore, this article discusses litigationagainst MNCs as an important tool for corporate accountability in the mining industry and instancesMNCs have been accused of violating human rights in the US, UK, and Nigeria. The analysis takes intoaccount the achievements as well as its shortcomings in addressing the violations. This research alsoexamined several barriers to lawsuits against corporations. They have the power to keep victims fromgetting justice for alleged wrongdoing and human rights abuses by businesses. It states strategies tostrengthening and enhancing the effectiveness of litigation against MNCs and businesses
ARBITRATING WITH ICSID: WHAT EVERY INVESTOR SHOULD KNOW
No full textInternational Investment is a critical contributor to the economic growth, development, and stability of many countries in the world, thereby playing an integral role in nation building. Although international agreements relationships may take various forms, yet, like many other business or non-business interactions, disputes are bound to arise. The introduction of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) is an asset to curtail the power imbalance in the resolution of disputes arising from international investments. This paper adopted the doctrinal research design to distill and discuss the salient legal provisions of ICSID Convention, while using data gathered through primary and secondary sources of data. The study discovered that ICSID plays a fundamental role in dispute resolution, essentially international investment disputes. In addition, the study found that certain provisions of the convention are geared towards ensuring substantive and procedural fairness between host States and foreign investors in dispute resolution.The study concludes that the adoption of arbitration through ICSID is a proactive and robust approach to the resolution of international investment disputes between host States and foreign investors. The study recommends the need to clarify on the narrow jurisdictional scope of ICSID by elaborating on what constitutes investment, and who an investor is
STATUS OF COMBATANTS AND CIVILIANS DURING ARMED CONFLICTS
No full textThe status or legal condition of combatants and civilians during armed conflict is a fundamental issue under International Humanitarian Law, as it relates to a person’s legal rights, duties, liabilities and other legal conditions which are recognized and maintained by international humanitarian law. It entails, the capacity for the exercise and enjoyment of legal rights, right to basic medical facilities, right to enjoy prisoner of war status for those fighting, because even when individuals are not involved in the armed conflict they endure horrifying suffering, bombing, famine, hunger and genocide as civilians. There is also a need to distinguish between combatants and civilians during armed conflict to avoid unnecessary humanitarian catastrophe to the civilian population during the period of the conflict. This is necessary in order to protect the human rights of the people who are not participants in the conflict in accordance with international humanitarian law, and even as combatants the participants in the armed conflict still have rights under international humanitarian law. This paper discusses the status of combatants and civilians in armed conflict under international humanitarian law, with a focus on the provisions of the 1949 Geneva Conventions particularly the Third Geneva Convention, the 1977 Additional Protocols, and the Hague Regulations of 1899 and 1907. It explores key questions such as: Who qualifies as a combatant? Who is considered a civilian? What constitutes an armed conflict? What is the legal status of combatants and civilians during such conflicts? What guidelines exist, and what protections are available for civilians? These and related issues form the core subject matter of this paper
A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE RIGHTS OF WITNESSES AND COMPENSATION OF VICTIMS UNDER THE NIGERIAN CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE
No full textThe criminal Justice System of Nigeria has so much protection on the rights of theaccused/defendant. From the time of his arrest to his arraignment and even during the proceedings,the accused/defendant enjoys varieties of protection including his presumption of innocence untilthe contrary is proved. Overtime witness protection has also been given some kind of attention.However, the problem lies with victim compensation. Victims of crimes suffer a lot of harmsincluding being traumatized, sustaining physical injuries, experiencing financial losses incurredduring the trial as they serve as prosecution witnesses. They are not usually well compensated atthe end of the trial. As a result, they feel that justice is somehow one sided since at the end of thetrial, the state is happy and satisfied that the offender is sentenced, however the victim who sufferedmost of the harms gets little or no compensation at all. This paper therefore examines the rights ofwitnesses and the compensation of victims of crimes in Nigerian criminal justice system with theaim of analyzing the availability or otherwise of the legal framework for protecting victims of crimesand the adequacy of compensation given, if any. The paper finds that victim compensation has notbeen given paramount consideration in Nigeria just like other foreign countries that have providedavenues and laws to guide victim compensation. The paper proffers some recommendations toencourage a more victim centered justice system in Nigeria
MECHANISMS FOR ADDRESSING INSOLVENCY MATTERS IN NIGERIAN COMPANYLAW PRACTICE
No full textInsolvency invokes sentiments from citizens of any country. The reason is simple, it is usually not a pleasant music to the ears and souls of citizenry as it has adverse effects on both individuals and body corporates. One of the notable grounds for winding up of a company in Nigeria and elsewhere is insolvency, otherwise referred to as inability to pay debt. This paper adopts the doctrinal research methodology in this work. Primary Statutes like the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 and others like the Companies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA) 2020, Investment and Securities Act 2025 among others are utilized. Textbooks, Journals and other secondary sources will equally be relied upon. Two theories are adopted to buttress this legal research. Fiction Theory which describes acompany as a legal fiction. In company law, once a company is incorporated with the commission, it acquires separate legal personality which depicts its new nature. The second is The Legal PositivistTheory of Law which views law as authority backed by sanction. It is well known that where a companydefaults in paying debt, insolvency sets in and can lead to winding up of such company. There are findings and recommendations in this research work which include establishment of Insolvency Tribunal to administer insolvency and related matters thereto and the need for a separate institution to administer insolvency matters other than Corporate Affairs Commission
A JURISPRUDENTIAL REVIEW OF THE CONTROVERSIES ON THE PUNISHMENT OF ADULTERY IN ISLAMIC CRIMINAL LAW
No full textAdultery and fornication are both offences technically referred to as zina under the Islamic law.Adultery and fornication are also both prohibited in Shari’ah through the use of the word zina (an Arabic term) in the text. However, it must be said that punishment attached to adultery by the Shari’ah is different from that of fornication. While the offence of adultery attracts rajm (stoningto death), the offence of fornication attracts whipping with 100 lashes and an exile for a year. Hence, this paper, using a doctrinal research methodology looks into the offence of adultery vis-à-vis its concept, prohibition and its punishment under Islamic law, and the contradiction and confusion galore on the punishment of stoning to death by some contemporary scholars. The paper finds that the punishment for the offence of adultery is rajm (stoning to death), while that of fornication is whipping with 100 lashes and a year exile or imprisonment. Finally,recommendations are made generally to the Muslims Ummah and specifically to those saddled with the responsibility of manning the court where applicable