Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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NATURAL GAS UTILIZATION IN NIGERIA AND IMPEDIMENTS TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE GAS SECTOR: A JURISDICTIONAL APPROACH
No full textIt has become critical for Nigeria to decide how to best use its natural gas reserves while simultaneouslyprotecting the environment and ensuring the sustainable development of its gas industry. The potentialfor gas sector development in Nigeria is enormous. Nevertheless, this paper contended that factors suchas violations of the Environmental Impact Assessment Act, gaps in the Petroleum Industry Act, and alack of gas infrastructure could impede the sustainable development of the gas sector. The objectives ofthis paper, which adopted the doctrinal research methodology, include examining the role of gasutilization companies in encouraging sustainable growth of the gas sector, the obstacles thereto, whilefocusing on Norway and Algeria as subjects of a jurisdictional study. The paper finds that thesecountries’ sustainable growth in the natural gas industry was the result of a mix of stringent regulation,efficient enforcement, and a well-planned infrastructural basis. In contrast to Algeria, where compliancewith environmental impact assessment is mandatory, the process remains weak and ineffective inNigeria; the PIA\u27s exemption practice represents a weak link in the Act which operators may takeadvantage of; and gas infrastructure remains inadequate. It recommends that the appropriate agenciesshould prevent licensees and operators from taking advantage of gaps in the EIA and the PIA, and thatthe government and other interested parties embark on deliberate funding of gas infrastructure to ensurethat Nigeria\u27s natural gas is used utilized maximally while reducing emissions, in order to guaranteesustainability in the gas industry
Gas Lift Optimization of an Oil Well using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)
No full textThis research investigates the gas lift optimization of an oil well using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Through statistical analyses of two wells spanning over a two-year period, the critical correlations among wellhead pressure, production rates, and gas compression parameters were reported. Notably, a positive correlation between wellhead pressure and production rate was identified, emphasizing the pivotal role of monitoring and optimizing these operational variables for enhanced efficiency. The research integrates machine learning techniques for gas lift with model recognition and parameter estimation. Leveraging the power of algorithms, like the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for the model, the best performance of 0.000000584 was found after 1000 epochs (iterations). The study demonstrates the potential for real-time decision support in oil well operations, offering a pathway for improved responsiveness and adaptability to changing conditions. Practical recommendations derived from the study provide actionable insights for industry practices, facilitating advancements in oil and gas engineering. The validation of machine learning models underscores their reliability in enhancing efficiency and productivity in real-world oil and gas applications. As a culmination of these findings, the research not only advances our understanding of gas lift systems but also provides a roadmap for the implementation of cutting-edge technologies and methodologies in the oil and gas sector.
Circular Economy Principles’ Implementation in Electronics Manufacturing: Waste Reduction Strategies in Chemical Management
No full textThe growing emphasis on sustainable manufacturing has driven the need for effective waste reduction strategies in chemical management within the electronics industry. This study explores the application of circular economy principles to minimize chemical waste and enhance resource efficiency. Key strategies examined include green chemistry innovations, closed-loop recycling systems, material substitution, and waste valorization. Additionally, the research investigates regulatory frameworks and industry best practices that support the shift from a linear to a circular chemical management model. A thorough review of existing literature and case studies provides insights into successful waste reduction initiatives implemented by leading electronics manufacturers. The study also highlights the role of digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence and blockchain, in optimizing chemical inventory management and tracking hazardous substances. The economic and environmental benefits of circular economy strategies including cost savings, a reduced environmental footprint, and improved regulatory compliance are critically assessed. Challenges such as supply chain complexities, high initial investment costs, and technological barriers are analyzed alongside potential solutions, including stakeholder collaboration, policy incentives, and the integration of eco-design principles. By synthesizing best practices and emerging trends, this research offers valuable insights for industry stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers that are seeking to develop and implement effective waste reduction strategies in alignment with circular economy principles
Use of Experimental and Theoretical Approach in Performance Optimization of Marine Turbo Pumps
No full textTurbo pumps are extensively employed in ships for transporting fluids of varying properties due to their simple design, low maintenance, and ability to handle large fluid efficiently. However, varying operational conditions can significantly affect their performance with factors such as attrition, low head pressure, mechanical losses with reducing efficiency and increasing energy consumption. Allowing turbo pumps (centrifugal type) to operate under any of those mentioned factors could result to early equipment failure. This study specifically addresses the pumps performance with reference to head pressure, flow and efficiency limitations through component resizing which integrate experimental evaluation with theoretical modeling. Experimental testing assessed the real-world performance characteristics of an existing pump using a compact TQH47 pump demonstration unit, while theoretical resizing and computational modeling optimized the pump design parameters for an improved performance. The analysis highlights the critical influence of pump geometry including inlet and outlet ports, blade angles, and the spiral/volute chamber on performance. Computational fluid dynamics analysis in SolidWorks fluent simulation demonstrated that the resized pump achieved a substantial improvement against the actual pump, with efficiency improved by 9.4% from 50% to 59.4% (9.4% higher than the actual pump), head pressure improved by 14m from 24 m to 38 m (recorded 14m increment), and the flow rate improved by 0.1176 from 0.00455 to 0.122241
IMPACT OF PARENTS’ SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS ON CHOLERA AND KNOWLEDGE OF PREVENTION PRACTICES IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
No full textCholera remains a major public health challenge in Nigeria, disproportionately affecting children in low-income communities where inadequate Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) facilities persist. Socioeconomic disparities often determine the extent of household preventive capacity and access to safe water and sanitation resources. This study assessed the impacts of parental socioeconomic factors: income, education, and occupation on the effectiveness of cholera prevention and control among children in Ogun State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey involving 300 parents and caregivers was conducted using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression to determine associations between socioeconomic factors and cholera prevention practices. Although, 86.7% of respondents had heard of cholera, awareness did not always translate into effective practices. Only 28% reported consistent handwashing with soap, 56.7% treated drinking water, and 53% sought hospital care for diarrheal cases. Low-income households were significantly less likely to access clean water (OR = 0.41, p = 0.001), and parents without formal education were 71% less likely to practice regular handwashing than those with tertiary education (OR = 0.29, p < 0.001). Occupation also impact sanitation access, with farmers and students reporting the lowest coverage. Conclusively, socioeconomic disparities critically hinder cholera prevention and control among children, reinforcing vulnerability in poor households. Targeted WASH interventions, subsidized preventive resources, and community-based education tailored to parental literacy are essential to breaking the cholera transmission cycle and achieving Nigeria’s 2030 cholera elimination goals. 
INSECURITY-DRIVEN DISPLACEMENT AND SHORTAGES IN FOOD PRODUCTION: HOW INSECURITY IN AGRICULTURAL HUBS DEEPENS FOOD INSECURITY IN NIGERIA
No full textAcross Nigeria’s farmlands, a quiet catastrophe is unfolding. Millions of farmers now wake each morning not to the rhythms of planting or harvest, but to impossible choices: risk being killed on their fields by armed groups or abandon their crops and watch their families go hungry. This chapter tells their stories—of sorghum growers in Zamfara paying bandits half their harvest just to farm, of women in Benue searching flood-wrecked fields for scraps of yam, of children in Borno whose stunted growth bears witness to years of conflict and scarcity. Drawing on three years of fieldwork and heartbreaking interviews with displaced farmers, we trace how violence—whether from insurgents, criminal gangs, or climate-driven clashes—has unravelled Africa’s once-greatest breadbasket. The numbers shock (a 28% drop in rice production, 48% of Borno’s children malnourished), but the human toll cuts deeper: a generation losing its connection to the land, grandmothers recalling seasons when harvests fed nations beyond Nigeria’s borders. Yet within this crisis lie seeds of hope. We document how some communities are adapting—women’s cooperatives reviving lost seed varieties, young engineers developing conflict-resistant storage systems. The chapter concludes not with despair, but with a clear-eyed roadmap: practical solutions that start by listening to those still struggling to feed Nigeria against all odds
STOCK LIQUIDITY AND PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED QUOTED FIRMS IN NIGERIA: CASE STUDY OF FAST-MOVING CONSUMER GOODS (FMCG)
No full textThis study investigated the impact of stock liquidity of performance of selected quoted firms, in the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods Sector (FMCG) in Nigeria. The study selected ten (10) firms based on their level of liquidity, five (5) most liquid firms and Five (5) least liquid respectively, spanning from year 2006-2020. It adopted explanatory research design, the dependent variable firm performance was Proxied by Return on Equity (ROE) while stock liquidity was Proxied by trade based measure( Ahmihud Illiquidity ratio), with control variables which include Firm size Proxied by Market Capitalization, Corporate Governance Proxied by Board size , Stock Return Volatility, Proxied by Variance of Stock Return and Inflation Rate .Pre estimation carried out include ; Bruesch-Pagan (BP) LM Test which showed existence of cross sectional dependency test, and Kao Cointegration test revealed existence of long run relationships. The study deployed the Non-Linear Panel Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) to estimate the model, and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) was specifically used. We had three sample categories; Full Sample, High Liquid and Low Liquid. Results revealed that in the short run, variations in AILQ both positive AILQ+ and AILQ- have an effect on ROE. In the long run, both positive and negative changes in AILQ have a substantial long-term impact in ROE. However, the negative change seems to have a stronger influence. This study concludes that firm performance is greatly impacted by stock liquidity, which shows that fluctuations in stock liquidity would greatly impact an organization\u27s profitability. Thus, validating the findings of Karim and Rashid (2020). This study recommends that the government should adopt rules and regulations that are more sector-specific in order to influence the Nigerian Stock Market and enable investors to make investments in areas that are essential to the country\u27s economy as a whole. This can be accomplished by giving more security to crucial yet data-dictated areas. 
INTERNAL MARKETING AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR (OCB) AMONG STAFF OF NIGERIAN ARMY UNIVERSITY BIU – BORNO STATE
No full textThis study investigated the influence of internal marketing practices - Employee Motivation (EM), Digital Internal Communication (DIC), Leadership Emotional Intelligence (LEI), and Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) among academic staff at Nigerian Army University Biu (NAUB). Drawing on Social Exchange Theory (SET), the study contends that employees’ perceptions of organizational support through these internal mechanisms foster discretionary behaviours that strengthen institutional effectiveness. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, targeting the entire population of 356 academic staff. A census sampling technique was adopted, resulting in a sample size equal to the population. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with items measured on a fivepoint Likert scale. The instrument was adapted from validated scales in existing literature, ensuring content and construct validity, while a pilot test confirmed reliability with Cronbach’s alpha values above 0.70 for all constructs. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Findings revealed that all four internal marketing practices significantly and positively predicted OCB, with LEI exerting the strongest influence, followed by EM, DEI, and DIC. The results underscore the importance of emotionally intelligent leadership and inclusive organizational practices in promoting citizenship-driven behaviours among academics. The study concludes that a supportive and inclusive internal environment is crucial for institutional resilience and academic excellence. It recommends structured recognition frameworks, robust digital communication systems, leadership development programmes emphasizing emotional intelligence, and comprehensive DEI strategies to enhance staff engagement and organizational performance
THE TASTE OF A PROMISE: HOW BRAND IMAGE AND PERCEIVED QUALITY OF HRM PRODUCTS INFLUENCE CUSTOMER LOYALTY
No full textThis study investigates the interplay between brand image, perceived product quality, and customer loyalty in Lagos, Nigeria\u27s Home Meal Replacement (HMR) market. Grounded in Expectation-Confirmation Theory, the research examines how brand promises (brand image) align with actual product experiences, specifically taste and convenience, to influence loyalty. Utilizing a Structural Equation Modeling on data from 412 urban consumers, the findings reveal that while brand image positively affects customer loyalty, its impact is considerably weaker than perceived product quality. Notably, perceived quality, particularly regarding taste and convenience, emerges as the strongest predictor of loyalty and fully mediates the relationship between brand image and loyalty. These results underscore the dominance of tangible product performance over abstract brand reputation in emerging markets like Nigeria, where consumers prioritize authentic taste and convenience. The study contributes to marketing theory by contextualizing Expectation-Confirmation Theory within a developing economy. It offers practical recommendations for HMR brand managers to focus on product excellence and innovation to foster customer loyalty.