Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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L’ORALISATION DE LA LANGUE FRANÇAISE DANS MOI, TITUBA, SORCIÈRE… DE MARYSE CONDÉ
No full textThis article offers an in-depth literary analysis of the oralization mechanisms at work in Moi, Tituba sorcière... by Maryse Condé. As part of an aesthetic of Creole oral tradition, the author subverts the linguistic norm of classical French to make it a force for narrative emancipation and identity affirmation. The study adopts both a stylistic and hermeneutic approach, highlighting the enunciative, rhythmic and lexical procedures that reactivate the popular voice in the novelistic framework. Oralization appears as a scriptural strategy of symbolic re-territorialisation, restoring subaltern voices, revalorizing Afro-Caribbean discursive traditions and inscribing a counterdiscursive in the postcolonial francophone literary field. While challenging the hegemony of Western writing forms, this poetic process brings collective memory, ancestral oral tradition and literary subjectification into dialogue.
Résumé Cet article propose une analyse littéraire approfondie des mécanismes d’oralisation dans Moi, Tituba sorcière... de Maryse Condé. En s’inscrivant dans une esthétique de l’oralité créole, l’auteure subvertit la norme linguistique du français classique pour en faire un vecteur d’émancipation narrative et d’affirmation identitaire. L’étude adopte une démarche à la fois stylistique et herméneutique, en mettant en lumière les procédés énonciatifs, rythmiques et lexicaux qui réactivent la voix populaire dans le cadre romanesque. L’oralisation y apparaît comme une stratégie scripturale de reterritorialisation symbolique, permettant de restaurer les voix subalternes, de revaloriser les traditions discursives afro-caribéennes et d’inscrire une mémoire contre-discursive dans le champ littéraire francophone postcolonial. Ce processus poétique fait dialoguer la mémoire collective, l’oralité ancestrale et la subjectivation littéraire, tout en défiant l’hégémonie des formes écrites occidentales. 
SERVITUDE ET GRANDEUR DU PAYSAN DANS LA RUE CASES-NÈGRES DE JOSEPH ZOBEL
No full textThis study focuses on the thraldom and nobleness of the common negro peasants in the Joseph Zobel’s novel La Rue Cases-Nègres. The author recounts his experience from childhood under the horrible ambiance of exploitation, slavery, oppression, misery and disdain, all from the colonial masters. The negro peasants are seen as worthless entities in the eyes of the colonialists. This study brings this fact to the fore and equally praises the nobleness or rather the strength of the peasants adjudged good-for-nothing. We highlighted the situation where the nobleness of the negro peasants is made manifest. They are praised for their pride, courage, ambition, sense of good neighbourliness and piousness. Our analysis is made via the theoretical optic of ‘sociocritique’ of Claude Duchet which examines the textual universe of any literary work. The colonial society presented in the novel is characterised by social realities such as oppression, marginalisation and exploitation by the colonial masters of their negro “preys”.
Résumé Cette étude se concentre sur le sort et la noblesse des paysans nègres dans le roman de Joseph Zobel La Rue Cases-Nègres. L\u27auteur raconte son expérience de l\u27enfance dans l\u27ambiance horrible de l\u27exploitation, de l\u27esclavage, de l\u27oppression, de la misère et du mépris, le tout de la part des maîtres coloniaux. Les paysans nègres sont considérés comme des entités sans valeur aux yeux des colonialistes. Cette étude met en évidence ce fait et loue également la noblesse ou plutôt la force des paysans jugés bons à rien. Nous avons mis en évidence la situation où la noblesse des paysans nègres se manifeste. Ils sont loués pour leur fierté, leur courage, leur ambition, leur sens du bon voisinage et leur piété. Notre analyse s\u27inscrit dans l\u27optique théorique de la « sociocritique » de Claude Duchet, qui examine l\u27univers textuel de toute œuvre littéraire. La société coloniale présentée dans le roman est caractérisée par des réalités sociales telles que l\u27oppression, la marginalisation et l\u27exploitation par les maîtres coloniaux de leurs « proies » nègres.  
RESISTANCE AFRICAINE FACE AUX INJUSTICES SOCIO ENVIRONNEMENTALES DANS ALLAH N\u27EST PAS OBLIGE D\u27AHMADOU KOUROUMA
No full textThis work examines African resistance to socio-environmental injustices in Ahmadou Kourouma\u27s novel Allah is not obliged. Socio-environmental disparities have often been influenced by Western religions, typically linked to the colonial legacy. This study, based on an analysis of cultural hybridity and an interpretive approach, explores how African characters oppose socioenvironmental injustices inflicted by Western belief systems. The analysis of the origins and conflicts in the novel exposes the subtleties of African resistance and highlights the need to value indigenous perspectives and customs. This study highlights the need to decolonise approaches to socio-environmental injustices and to encourage African viewpoints in the search for solutions. Ultimately, this research helps to better understand African resistance to socio-environmental injustices and invites critical analysis of the influences of Western religions in the postcolonial context.
Résumé Ce travail examine la résistance africaine contre les injustices socio-environnementales dans le roman Allah n\u27est pas obligé d\u27Ahmadou Kourouma. Les disparités socio-environnementales ont souvent été influencées par les religions occidentales, généralement liées à l\u27héritage colonial. Cette étude, fondée sur une analyse de l\u27hybridation culturelle et une démarche interprétative, explore la manière dont les personnages africains s\u27opposent aux injustices socio environnementales infligées par les systèmes de croyances occidentaux. L\u27analyse des origines et des conflits dans le roman expose les subtilités de la résistance africaine et souligne la nécessité de valoriser les perspectives et les coutumes autochtones. Ce travail met en évidence le besoin de décoloniser les méthodes de traitement des injustices socio-environnementales et d\u27encourager les points de vue africains dans la quête de solutions. Au bout du compte, cette recherche aide à mieux cerner la résistance africaine aux injustices socio-environnementales et invite à une analyse critique des influences des religions occidentales dans le cadre postcolonial. 
RESOLUTION OF DISPUTES ARISING FROM INTERNATIONAL PETROLEUM TRANSACTIONS INVOLVING IOCS
No full textThe resolution of disputes involving international petroleum transactions all fall within the purview of upstream petroleum sector in the oil and gas industry involving big multi-national oil companies like Royal Dutch Plc, NNPCL, Total Energies, Exxon Mobil, Chevron Corporation, etc. However, disputes in the oil and gas industry take an almost infinite variety of forms and therefore when considering the best practices for resolution of oil and gas disputes in the upstream sector, no particular mechanism of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) fits all. Some disputes can be more amenable to resolution through a particular process or in a particular form than others. These mechanisms of alternative dispute resolution include negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration. Alternative dispute resolution is simply a process of initiating alternative methods and procedures in the resolution of disputes in the oil and gas industry without resorting to litigation, which is more expensive and time consuming. Alternative dispute resolution provides a confidential and alternative way or method of tackling legal disputes in the oil and gas sector without going through the litigation or court system. Using doctrinal research methodology, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the dispute settlement mechanisms and also analyzes advantages, problems of settlement of international transaction and possible solution and ways to tackle the menace. The sources of authority and information are mainly from primary sources of data and they include statutes, case law and customs. The findings of the paper show that alternative dispute resolution mechanisms is relatively effective in the oil and gas industry in Nigeria and that the alternative dispute resolution mechanisms used in the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry are arbitration and mediation alone in line with the new Arbitration and Mediation Act 2023. It is recommended that all oil and gas disputes should be settled through alternative dispute resolution mechanisms to enable for the smooth running of the oil and gas industry and that the power to make binding decisions is of fundamental importance, and thus distinguishes arbitration and mediation as methods of resolving disputes from other alternative dispute resolution procedures in arriving at a negotiated settlement
SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLES AS CATALYSTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATION AND DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: RETHINKING REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS
No full textThe rapid growth of Nigeria\u27s telecommunications sector is critical to its economic diversification, digital transformation, and global competitiveness. However, infrastructural deficits, regulatory inefficiencies, and limited financing hinder the sector\u27s potential. Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs), structured within Public-Private Partnership (PPP) frameworks, offer a strategic legal and financial solution for mobilizing investments, mitigating risks, and driving sustainable telecom and digital infrastructure development. This paper examines the deployment of SPVs in Nigeria’s digital infrastructure development and telecommunications sector, highlighting key models such as InfraCos for broadband deployment, TowerCos for passive infrastructure, PPP-SPVs for rural connectivity, and hybrid models involving government ownership and private concessions. It explores their roles in facilitating fiber optic expansion, network sharing, and 5G rollout. The study using doctrinal research methodology also analyses Nigeria’s evolving legislative and regulatory framework governing SPVs, drawing from the Nigerian Communications Act 2003, the Infrastructure Concession Regulatory Commission (ICRC) Act 2005, the Companies and Allied Matters Act 2020, and sector-specific guidelines on co-location, infrastructure sharing, and universal service. Policy frameworks such as the National Broadband Plan (2020–2025), the Strategic Blueprint for the Digital Economy (2023–2027), and the National PPP Policy are examined for their alignment with SPV-driven models. Findings indicate that while SPVs have facilitated infrastructure expansion and investment, significant legal and institutional reforms are required to strengthen transparency, streamline regulatory processes, and bolster investor confidence. The paper recommends the development of a new and comprehensive SPV regulatory framework devoid of the bottlenecks in the current frameworks, harmonization of the extant laws, and the introduction of legal safeguards to protect consumers and stakeholders. Ultimately, leveraging SPVs is not merely a financing strategy but a legal and economic imperative for bridging Nigeria’s digital divide and achieving inclusive digital transformation
AN ANALYSIS OF THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK STRENGTHENING CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY IN NIGERIA
No full textThis paper critically examines the institutional frameworks that support and strengthen constitutional democracy in Nigeria. Nigeria\u27s democratic journey, characterized by transitions between military and civilian rule, underscores the need for robust institutions that uphold the rule of law, accountability, separation of powers, and fundamental human rights. The study explores key institutions such as the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), the Judiciary, the National Assembly, anti-corruption agencies, and civil society organizations. It assesses their roles, effectiveness, and the challenges they face in reinforcing democratic principles. This paper aims to examine how these institutions contribute to the sustenance and strengthening of constitutional democracy in Nigeria. It interrogates their effectiveness, autonomy, and the challenges they face in executing their mandates. By doing so, the study seeks to highlight the areas where reforms are necessary to ensure the consolidation of Nigeria’s democratic experience. The paper adopts a qualitative approach, relying on legal texts, policy documents, and scholarly analyses. Findingsreveal that while these institutions are fundamental to sustaining democratic governance, they are often undermined by political interference, weak enforcement mechanisms, and systemic corruption. The paper concludes by recommending reforms aimed at strengthening institutional independence, transparency, and public trust in democratic processes
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS AN INSTRUMENT TO NIGERIAN IMMIGRANT\u27S SOCIETAL INTEGRATION AND HEALTHCARE ACCESSIBILITY: A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE
No full textImmigrants are often identified as vulnerable population; that is, at elevated risk of poor health and inadequate medical care. This has resulted in the deployment of AI in relation to migrants globally. Many countries especially least developed countries lack critical IT infrastructure for AI in migration, while Nigerian migrants experience obstacles such as proper health care services while engaging with digital channels within the same processes. The aim of this paper is to provide legal insights to encourage the use of Artificial Intelligence to enhance societal integration and the health status of Nigerian migrants in other countries. Consequently, the study adopted the doctrinal research methodology, which involves examining journal articles, textbooks, periodical articles and the likes. This study found that the factors that make immigrants vulnerable to poor health and inferior medical care can be remedied in parts, through Artificial Intelligence. The emergent findings from this study can guide the Nigerian government and policymakers in decision-making as regards deployment of artificial intelligence and machine learning for healthcare delivery for Nigerian emigrants. The study recommends the need for health policies targeted at supporting the use of Artificial Intelligence to expand access to healthcare and improve quality of care for Nigerian immigrants
FRANCHISING AS A COMMERCIAL OPTION: AN ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ITS VIABILITY IN NIGERIA
No full textFranchising stands as a globally significant business model with profound potential to drive entrepreneurship, job creation, and economic development in Nigeria. However, despite its increasing adoption, the sector\u27s growth is critically hampered by an inadequate legal and regulatory environment. This paper provided a critical analysis of the legal framework governing franchising in Nigeria, arguing that the conspicuous absence of a dedicated, comprehensive franchise statute fundamentally undermines the viability of franchising in the country. This situation creates significant legal risks, deters foreign investment, and fails to provide adequate protection, particularly for franchisees who face information asymmetry due to the lack of mandatory disclosure requirements. Employing a doctrinal and analytical methodology, this study scrutinized the existing mosaic of applicable laws, the complex multi-agency regulatory requirements involving bodies such as NOTAP and the CAC, and the transformative potential of the proposed Franchising (Establishment) Bill 2022. The analysis found that while the current framework offers some protection, it is insufficient to foster a stable and attractive environment for franchising. Ultimately, this paper concluded that for Nigeria to unlock its vast franchising potential, legislative action is paramount. The pending Franchise Bill is identified as a crucial, though stalled, step towards aligning Nigeria with global best practices by introducing mandatory disclosures and standardized provisions. It therefore, recommended the immediate enactment of the Franchising Bill, the strengthening of IP enforcement mechanisms, the streamlining of the complex multi-agency regulatory environment to foster investor confidence and ensure a fair and predictable commercial landscape.
Relationship between Parental Attitude and Parental Involvement on Students’ Interest and Academic Achievement in Biology in Aguata Education Zone.
No full textThe study investigated the relationship between parental attitude and parental involvement on students’ interest and academic achievement in biology in Aguata Education Zone. The design for the study was correlational survey design. Two research questions and two hypotheses were used for the study. The research was done in Aguata Education Zone in Anambra state. The population consisted of 2,072 (926 males and 1,146 females) Senior Secondary II students from all the 52 public secondary schools in Aguata Education Zone of Anambra state. The sample for the study consisted of 400 SS II Biology students obtained through multi stage sampling procedure. Three instruments titled Parental Attitude towards Biology Questionnaire (PATBQ), Parental Involvement in Biology Questionnaire (PIBQ) and Academic interest scale (AIS) were the instrument used for data collection. These instruments were validated and tested for reliability with reliability coefficient being .969, .981 and 0.981 for PATBQ, PIBQ and AIS respectively using Cronbach Alpha method. Students result for 2023/2024 academic session was also used as academic achievement scores for the study. The research questions were answered using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient while the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using Simple linear regression. The findings of the study showed significant relationship between parental attitude and parental involvement on students’ interest and academic achievement in biology in Aguata Education zone. This implies that parental attitude and parental involvement are capable of enhancing academic achievement and interest in Biology. It was recommended among others that parental attitude and involvement should be improved through academic seminars and workshop towards students’ interest especially in Biology in senior secondary schools. 
