Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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Multi-Factorial Prediction of Mild Steel Exposure Time during Its Corrosion Inhibitionwith Hibiscus Sabdariffa Leaf Extract in 0.5M H2SO4
No full textThis paper evaluates the exposure time of mild steel (which corroded in sulphur acid solution while in contact with an inhibitor- Hibiscus Sabdriffa) based on pre-determined penetration depth and corrosion rate. The analysis carried out was using a derived empirical model; θ = exp(Ϧ(ẟγξ-1) - ẞ). Mild steel was submerged in 0.5M H2SO4 containing sabdariffa leaf extract which serves to inhibit corrosion of the steel. In the course of the model derivation, following experimentals, the applied range of values of the process parameters: exposure time, penetration depth and corrosion rate were 0.00548 – 0.011 hrs, 0.0047 – 1.0121mm, 0.8638-0.1027mm/yr respectively. The validity of the model is strongly rooted on the core model structure; lnθ + ẞ ≈ Ϧ(ẟγξ-1). The model-predicted results agree with previous research on the direct relationship between the corrosion rate & penetration rate and exposure time, while inhibitor concentration is constant. The standard error incurred in predicting the model based exposure time relative to the experimental results was 0.0004%, implying over 99% model confidence level. The exposure times per unit penetration depth and corrosion rate for experimental & model-predicted results were evaluated as: 0.7459 & 0.9297 yr mm-1 and 0.0231 & 0.0288 (yr)2 mm-1 respectively. Furthermore, the correlations between these highlighted parameters, as evaluated from both results were all > 0.97. The overall maximum deviation of model-predicted mild steel exposure time from experimental results was 9.09%
Major Factors of Recidivism among Inmates of Correctional Facilities in Kano State, Nigeria
No full textThe paper investigates the causes and implications of recidivism in Kano State, Nigeria with a view to further broaden the outlook of social welfare educator’s contribution towards promoting the welfare of the inmates to prevent massive recidivism. The present nature of the facilities are punitive in nature not correctional. As such, this has led to high recidivism among the inmates. Instead of acquiring knowledge and skills that would make them independent, their stay leads them to getting trained by high risk criminals worsening their situation. The paper presents the various factors that lead to recidivism and the ways to prevent recidivism among the inmates in Kano State. Finally, the paper offers some suggestions which include the following: There is needs for community members to note that crime can occur at any time in the community, it is good for people to be vigilant always to prevent occurrences of criminal offences. There is needs for community members to note that inmates are part of the community and they will eventually come back to the community after serving their jail time. Therefore, there is need to show them concern and care. The Correctional officers should try their best to teach the inmates some skills that would help them to become more functional after their release
LEADERSHIP STYLES AND PERFORMANCE OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
No full textThis study examines the relationship between leadership styles and performance of Federal Government Agencies in Anambra State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study evaluates the influence of transformational leadership on employee intrinsic motivation and transactional leadership on operational efficiency. Data were collected from a sample size of 200 staff members using copies of structured questionnaire, and linear regression analysis was applied to test the hypotheses. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between transformational leadership and employee intrinsic motivation (β = 0.635, p = 0.000), explaining 56.6% of the variance in intrinsic motivation (R² = 0.566). Similarly, transactional leadership significantly influenced operational efficiency (β = 0.720, p = 0.000), accounting for 48.2% of the variance in operational efficiency (R² = 0.482). These findings underscore the critical role of transformational leadership in fostering employee engagement and intrinsic motivation, while transactional leadership enhances structured task execution and operational efficiency in the public sector. The study concludes that effective leadership styles tailored to organizational contexts significantly improve performance outcomes. The study recommends that public sector organizations adopt transformational leadership practices to inspire and empower employees, fostering innovation and motivation. Simultaneously, transactional leadership should be leveraged in scenarios requiring task-oriented focus and regulatory compliance to enhance operational efficiency
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
No full textWomen entrepreneurs are pivotal to economic development through job creation, innovation, and poverty reduction. Nevertheless, their potential in Nigeria is constrained by challenges such as inadequate access to finance, limited asset ownership, and socio-cultural barriers. This study examined the relationship between women’s entrepreneurship and economic growth in Anambra State, Nigeria, focusing on financial access and asset ownership. Employing a descriptive survey design, the study targeted 1,325 registered female SME owners, from which 307 respondents were proportionately selected using Taro Yamane’s formula. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed with descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation at a 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed significant positive relationships between access to finance and economic growth (r = 0.573, p < 0.05), and between asset ownership and economic growth (r = 0.611, p < 0.05). The study concludes that women’s entrepreneurship substantially drives economic progress when supported by financial inclusion and property rights. It recommends gender-responsive credit policies, flexible collateral requirements, and legal reforms to expand women’s access to assets and productive resources, thereby strengthening inclusive and sustainable development
PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES AND RETAIL SALES PERFORMANCE IN KANTIN-KWARI FABRICS AND TEXTILES MARKET, KANO STATE, NIGERIA
No full textThe presence of multinational corporations in our local markets, with a particular reference to Chanise companies engaging in retail marketing, poses a threat to the retail sales performance of indigenous retailers. The objective of the study is to examine the impact of promotional strategies on retail sales performance in Kwari Market, Kano. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire and administered to 384 respondents selected in the Kwari Market as a sample to represent the entire population of the study. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, where frequency tables, percentages, means, and standard deviation were used for descriptive analyses, while inferential statistics: Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to test the study hypotheses at a 95% confidence level. The research results indicate a significant positive relationship between Advertising, Sales promotion, Personal Selling, Public relations, and retail sales performance in the Kwari Market, Kano. The research recommends that retail business owners should embark on sales promotion to increase their sales performance, looking at the peculiarities of the market. 
Customer Journey Mapping in the Age of E-commerce: Insights from Millennials in South-East Nigeria
No full textThis study investigates the impact of customer journey mapping on e-commerce behaviors among millennials in Southeast Nigeria. Focusing on four key dimensions: website usability, trust in digital payment systems, mobile responsiveness, and post-purchase support—the research examines how these factors influence purchase decisions, customer satisfaction, retention, and loyalty. Data were collected via questionnaires distributed to millennials in select federal and state universities across Anambra, Enugu, and Imo states, achieving a 62% response rate. Using statistical analysis, the study found significant positive relationships between each journey element and corresponding consumer outcomes, underscoring the importance of a seamless, secure, and responsive digital shopping experience. The findings offer practical insights for e-commerce businesses seeking to enhance millennial engagement and competitiveness in Nigeria’s growing online market. The study recommended that there should be improving website design, strengthening payment security, optimizing mobile platforms, and enhancing post-purchase services. This research contributes to the understanding of digital consumer behavior in developing economies and supports strategies for effective customer journey management
IMPACT OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ON DEFORESTATION IN NIGERIA: A TIME SERIES ANALYSIS
No full textForest resources serve as essential facilitators for human daily endeavours; however, their degradation is often exacerbated by insufficient planning regarding their replacement. This results in a multitude of economic and environmental challenges. This research ascertained the long-term effects of economic activities on deforestation within Nigeria and utilizing annual data spanning from 1991 to 2023. The results derived from the ARDL bound test indicate the existence of a long-term cointegrating relationship among the examined variables. Furthermore, the study disclosed that the long-term estimates demonstrate that the linear coefficients of the annual growth of gross domestic product (GDPPA) exert a positive influence on deforestation and are statistically significant at the 1% level, suggesting that heightened economic activities in the preceding period have been beneficial to forest areas and are unlikely to induce deforestation. Nevertheless, the findings pertaining to the quadratic term for gross domestic product (GDPPA_2) and population growth (POPA) revealed a negative and significant impact on deforestation in the long run; conversely, the coefficients for the short-term results indicate an inverse relationship. The study advocates that governmental bodies and all relevant stakeholders should promote afforestation initiatives and enforce sustainable regulations to mitigate the practice of tree felling, alongside fostering sustainable forest conservation efforts
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON GREEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN KADUNA NORTH L.G.A. OF KADUNA STATE
No full textThis study examines the impact of climate change on green entrepreneurship in Kaduna North Local Government Area (L.G.A.) of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Faced with rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, floods, and droughts, the region highlights the global need for sustainable development, with green entrepreneurship as a key to climate resilience and economic growth. Using a descriptive survey design, the researchers collected primary data from 100 questionnaires and supplemented it with secondary documents. A multiple linear regression model analyzed the relationships between green entrepreneurship and climate change, government incentives, financial support, environmental impact, and community involvement. The findings show a positive and significant correlation between climate change and green entrepreneurship, indicating that entrepreneurs are adopting sustainable practices in response to environmental challenges. However, government incentives negatively and significantly influenced green entrepreneurship, suggesting current policies are ineffective. Furthermore, financial support, environmental impact, and community involvement showed no significant relationships, exposing gaps in funding, public awareness, and stakeholder engagement. The study concludes that while climate change can spur innovation in green entrepreneurship, there\u27s an urgent need for better climate change strategies, revised government incentives, improved financial infrastructure, and expanded environmental education to foster a supportive ecosystem for sustainable development in Kaduna North L.G.A.