Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLDS’ ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER IN NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA: A BINOMIAL LOGISTIC REGRESSION APPROACH
No full textAccess to safe drinking water is a critical factor in determining public health and socioeconomic development, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. This study examines the socioeconomic determinants of household access to safe drinking water in Northeastern Nigeria, using data from the 2021 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). Employing a binomial logistic regression model, the research identifies the influence of factors such as, educational level, geographical location, wealth index, gender and age of household heads, location of water source, time spent getting water and household size on access to safe drinking water. Descriptive statistics reveal that 65% of households have access to safe drinking water while 35% do not have access, 91.16% of households are male-headed, with the majority (82.93%) having no formal education. Rural households constitute 67.56% of the sample, and nearly two-thirds of the population fall within the poorest and poor economic categories. The logistic regression analysis indicates that higher education level, urban residency, middle-age and water located on-premises significantly increase the likelihood of accessing improved water sources, while lower wealth index and male headed households reduce this likelihood. The findings highlight critical disparities in access to safe drinking water, emphasizing the need for targeted policies that prioritize rural and low-income households, encourage educational empowerment, and promote infrastructure development to ensure equitable water access. The study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the determinants of water access and provides actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in Nigeria’s water and sanitation sector. 
APPRAISING THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ONTHE INDOOR MANAGEMENT RULE UNDER NIGERIAN COMPANY LAW
No full textThe Indoor Management Rule is a fundamental principle in company law, which protects thirdparties dealing with companies from internal irregularities. However, the advent of the digitalcorporate governance has transformed the way companies operate and make decisions. Employingdoctrinal research methodology, this paper appraised the impact of digital corporate governanceon the indoor management rule within the framework of Nigerian Company Law. The paperexamined whether digital governance mechanisms, such as electronic filings, virtual meetings, andautomated compliance systems enhance transparency and reduce the reliance on the rule, orwhether they introduce complexities that undermine its protective function. The findings of thispaper revealed that digital corporate governance enhances transparency and accessibility,potentially reducing reliance on the rule but also raises concerns about authenticity andcybersecurity. The paper recommended among other things regulatory reforms to provide clearerguidance on the application of the Indoor Management Rule in the context of Digital CorporateGovernance
PROTECTIONISM IN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS
No full textThe research assessed the impact of protectionism in international economic law, underscoring thechallenges and gains of protectionism as a policy aimed at protecting domestic industries againstforeign competition using tariffs, subsidies, import quotas or other restrictions placed on importsand foreign competitors. However, irrespective of projections of the promoters of globalization, theglobal system has witnessed a significant rise in protectionism, engineered by government policiesaimed at shielding domestic industries from foreign competition, economic nationalism, geopoliticaltensions, and the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. All these have fueled this trend as countriesgrapple with the implications of the policies. The research adopted the doctrinal method of academicresearch which comprises both primary and secondary sources. The benefits of trade protection inthe world of globalization were evaluated and the research found that trade restrictions are harmfulto the economies of the trading partners, particularly, as nations are most likely to reciprocate withcounter-trade measures which will ultimately lead to a strained international system. Itrecommended that the World Trade Organization should develop stricter rules that will govern thelimits nation-states can engage in practicing protectionist policies in order not to harm global tradeand services. The research concluded that excessive protectionism may lead to trade tensions,geopolitical challenges and raise uncertainties about the future of globalization
REMOVAL OF JUSTICE IKPAMBESE BY THE BENUE STATE HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY WITHOUT THE NATIONAL JUDICIAL COUNCIL (NJC) RECOMMENDATION: CREATIVE WAYS FOR LAWYERS TO CLOSE PANDORA’S BOX
No full textJustice Ikpambese, who was the rightly appointed Chief Judge of Benue State by a resolution of the Benue State House of Assembly in a display of political gymnastics was removed without recourse to the National Judicial Council (NJC) as required by Section 292 and Part 1 of the Third Schedule to the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999. The immediate concern is the constitutionality of such action seeing that the Constitution itself is not silent on the procedure to be followed for appointment and removal of judges in Nigeria. This anomaly by the politicians cannot be allowed to continue as this is not the first time this sort of event is happening in Nigeria as we saw with Justice Walter Oonoghen. This paper adopted doctrinal research methodology. In this article the challenge is described as Pandora Box, a can of worms that has been opened but unlike Pandora box a can of worms that can actually be closed if the right approach is taken by stakeholders interested in the preservation of the principle of separation of power in the Nation
APPLICATION OF INFORMATION ASYMMETRY TO NIGERIAN BUSINESS SITUATIONS
No full textThis study adopted the mixed methods comprising the qualitative and quantitative content analyses. Using both primary and secondary data, it combined oral interviews and thematic preoccupation approaches to analyse the application of information asymmetry in relation to the Nigerian business environment. The research was anchored on the frameworks of information asymmetry and trade puffery. Information asymmetry deals with information imbalance between the seller and the buyer while the trade puffery concerns itself with unsubstantiated exaggerations and claims about a product or service. The coding was both thematic and quantitative. The former enabled the researchers to identify, analyse and freely interpret the patterns of meaning within the qualitative data. In the quantitative coding buyer response was represented on tables with simple percentages. Despite its complexities, the holistic population of study enhanced accurate representation thereby reducing bias risks. It also enabled the researchers to engage in a comprehensive and multifaceted study of the sellers and buyers. The sample size was the 100 respondents drawn through convenience sampling, a non-probability and quick technique, was used to select respondents based on their ease of access and availability. The simple random sampling was finally used to select respondents for oral interviews. Findings revealed the factors promoting information asymmetry in the Nigerian market situations, exposed buyer opinion and ugly experience in the hands of dubious sellers. Finally, it investigated the legal provisions and court litigations against dishonest sellers, as well as the solution
EDUCATION AS A MODERATOR IN PREDICTING ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC WASTE DISPOSAL BEHAVIOUR IN A TYPICAL EMERGING ECONOMY CONTEXT: THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
No full textThis study centers on developing a robust conceptual framework for predicting electrical/electronic waste disposal behaviour in a typical emerging market while using education as a moderator. Although extant literature on pro-environmental behaviour abounds in the mainstream literature, studies that focus on developing conceptual framework on the predictors of waste disposal behaviour among youths in a typical emerging market like Nigeria is scarcely researched and under-reported. It is expedient to develop a robust conceptual framework that is suitable to a typical emerging market with huge informality like Nigeria. The theory of planned behaviour was extended. This study concludes that by incorporating education as a moderator in the relationship between extended variables like environmental knowledge and personal responsibility and key psychological constructs like attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, the study offers a thorough understanding of the behavioral aspects supporting e-waste management in a typical emerging economy setting. The study\u27s propositions have several important implications for theory, policy, and practice in the broader discourse on sustainable waste management in poor nations. The addition of education as a moderating variable to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) gives a more comprehensive framework for analyzing e-waste disposal behavior among youths. From a theoretical aspect, the study adds to the richness of TPB by including education as a crucial moderator. Traditional TPB models focus on psychological determinants such as attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, without appropriately accounting for environmental and structural elements. 
VOICE ASSISTANTS AND THE EVOLUTION OF CUSTOMER-SERVICE INTERACTIONS IN E-COMMERCE IN ANAMBRA STATE
No full textThis study investigated the influence of voice assistants (VAs) on customer-service interactions in e-commerce within Anambra State, Nigeria. A quantitative survey research design was adopted. The population comprised active e-commerce customers across major urban centers of Anambra State, while purposive and snowball sampling techniques were employed. Using Cochran’s formula, 450 questionnaires were distributed, and 248 valid responses were retrieved, representing the study’s sample. Four research questions and four hypotheses guided the investigation. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire adapted from validated scales. To ensure validity, the instrument was reviewed by experts and pilot-tested on 30 respondents. Reliability was established using Cronbach’s alpha, with all constructs exceeding the 0.70 benchmark. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, multiple regression, and mediation analysis through SPSS. Findings revealed that perceived ease of use, trust, and usefulness significantly influenced VA adoption, while engagement partially mediated the trust–usage relationship. The study concluded that VAs play a strategic role in enhancing digital customer service in e-commerce and recommended improved trust, personalization, and localization strategies to drive wider adoption
Geospatial Analysis of Traffic Crashes at Curved Road Segments in Oyo State, Nigeria
No full textThe road transport mode is the most accessible and widely utilised globally, yet it poses significant challenges to health and safety due to traffic crashes. While many studies examine the causes of road traffic crashes (RTCs), few focus on the influence of Curved Road segments using GIS-referenced data, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. This study employs GIS and statistical techniques to analyze the impact of Curved Road segments and speed limits on RTCs in Oyo State, Nigeria, from 2020 to 2022. An ex post facto research design was adopted. Crash data sourced from the Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) included attributes such as date, time, location, crash type, causes, casualties, and weather conditions. Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) elevation data tagged crash sites, while road network and land use data from Landsat imagery were integrated using ArcGIS 10.8. The Getis-Ord G statistic identified 66 crash blackspots across 18 routes. Also, 55% of the curved road sections on the route under study are unsafe when driving at a speed between 80 and 100 km/h, while 45% are safe when driving at a speed between 60 and 80 km/h. An independent t-test confirmed a significant disparity between FRSC-approved speed limits and curvature design at curved road segments (p = 0.000). The study concludes that roadway environmental factors strongly contribute to RTCs in Oyo State. Recommendations include enhanced patrol of crash blackspots, redesigning hazardous curves, frequent road maintenance, and improved signage to mitigate crashes. These measures are vital to improving road safety in the region
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Sand Dunes Migration in the Bulatura Oases Sector of Chad Basin National Park, Nigeria
No full textThe Bulatura Oases Sector of Chad Basin National Park is the only portion of Nigeria’s National Park showcasing sand-based ecotourism. Despite its 54 years functional existence, no information abounds on dune’s location, distribution and migration hence the need for this study to provide the missing information to enhance effective ecotourism planning, infrastructural development, environmental management and desertification control in the last 2 decades. The study seeks to (i) assess sand dune’s locations in 2003, 2013 and 2023 (ii) determine dune’s distribution patterns over the above stated time periods and (iii) assess dune’s migration pattern in the study area using geospatial analytical techniques to analyzed primary data obtained from google earth imageries. The result shows that in 2003, dunes were more in the northern, south-central and south-western parts of the study area compared to the extreme south-south. In 2013 and 2023 however, dunes were more concentrated in the northern and central parts with more dunes in the south-east of Kukatatawa in 2013 compared to 2023. Dune’s distribution pattern observed were dispersed in 2003 and clustered in 2013 and 2023 with the number of dunes being 182 in 2003, 574 in 2013 and 440 in 2023. The average migration pattern from 2003-2023 was 35.95m2/year in the N-S, E-W and W-E directions. The study concluded that although ecotourism infrastructures in the study area are not severely threatened however, they should not be centralized but strategically located according to dune’s migration direction to avoid redundancy. The study recommended the stabilization of sand dunes to mitigate its threats on ecotourism infrastructures in the study area