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Well productivity enhancement using matrix acidizing-A Niger Delta case study
Get PDFA research article on "productivity enhancement" It contains tables and graphsAs a result of the rapid reduction in productivity of well B14, south west of the Niger Delta region, the need to investigate the cause of the damage was initiated. When it was identified fine migration as the major cause of the production decline, acid stimulation was recommended as the mitigation strategy. Acid (matrix) stimulation practice involves the pumping of acid into the formation through the wellbore at the rates and pressures below the fracture gradient of the formation. Conventionally, hydrochloric acid (HCL) is used for carbonate formations while hydrofluoric acid (HF)/ mud acid (HCL +HF) is best suited for sandstone formations. Also, in a very high damaged formation and very high temperature environment that requires prolong contact of the HCL acid with the teel pipe, due to the severe corrosion that will occur, organic acids are more suitable. In stimulating this well, mud acid was used and the well was stimulated using organic mud acid or organic clay acid. Stimulating this well led to a total incremental production gain of over 485 BOPD (150% gain) however a corresponding reduction in skin was not observed This paper reviews and highlights the operational best practices as utilized in this project as well as the potential cause for an increase in skin even after a stimulation job
Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from various samples obtained from three different areas of Rivers State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis research was conducted in collaboration with a staff of FUTOPrevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli 0157:H7 isolated from various samples obtained from three different areas of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria were investigated.Two hundred and forty (240) samples of fresh beef, dung, cabbages and carrots were obtained from three different areas of Port Hartcourt viz: Rumuokoro, Rumuji and Oginigba. Isolates were obtained on Sorbitol MacConkey Agar (SMAC) supplemented with cefixime and potassium tellurite following pre-enrichment on
Triptycase Soy Broth supplemented with novobiocin and cefixime and incubated at 37˚C for 24h. Following routine biochemical tests, confirmation was carried out with the Wellcotex E. coli 0157:H7 specific antiserum (Oxoid, Uk). Both E.coli 0157 and E.coli 0157:H7 strains were isolated depending on the sample and sample site. Determination of beta lactamase enzyme production ability of the isolates revealed that most isolates produced Metallo β-lactamase enzyme while none of them produced Extended Spectrum β-lactamase enzyme (ESBL). The antibiotic susceptibility screening revealed that Nitrofurantoin, Ceftazidime, Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin were effective against the
isolates obtained with the isolates being most sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. Due to its public health importance, although the prevalence level was very low, only the presence of one positive sample can serve as a source of a major chain of events. It is therefore very important to develop proper sanitary hygiene within and outside the home, vegetable farms and slaughter houses. The need for proper education of farm workers by the relevant government agencies cannot be overemphasized
Chemical composition of the nest and models of the metamophic polymorphism of the mud dauber wasp
Get PDFThe article has figures and tablesThe work involves the determination of the chemical composition of the nest and modeling of metamorphors polyphenism of the Mud Dauber wasp. The samples were analyzed at Fugro consultants (Nig.) Ltd; a high standard laboratory with sophisticated equipments, which aided in producing an acceptable result considering the state of the place of analysis. Research showed that wasp generally excretes saliva to the mixture of water and their various building materials which include paper and clay soil. The composition of their saliva was found to contain Phosphorus, Magnesium, Sulphur, Chlorine, Potassium, and Calcium. The result showed that Phenol and Iron were found to have been present in the saliva, while nest showed a decrease in the quantity of potassium in ordinary clay soil. More, so, the models developed with the data obtained from the study of the specie, Brachymenes dyscherus, actually represented the biological and biochemical systems. The methods of analysis used are those stipulated by institutions such as America Public Health Association (APHA), America Society for Testing and Material (ASTM), and Chemical Analysis of Ecological Materials (CAEM
Oil and grease removal from vegetable oil polluted wastewater; advanced oxidation process approach (Fenton Process )
Get PDFA research article on "Oil and grease removal from vegetable oil polluted wastewater" It contains graphs and tables.Oil and grease removal process, through the use of fenton oxidation reaction on an oil polluted wastewater from a vegetable oil plant has been studied. The study was designed to assess the effectiveness of fenton oxidation reaction process in eliminating oil and grease contaminant in the wastewater. The raw wastewater was subjected to analysis through standard methods to determine BOD, Oil and grease, phenol, salinity and sodium batch oxidation process was adopted to remove the oil and grease in which four input parameters ; ph, Fe2+, temperature and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) were considered. Four runs of experiment were performed where each parameter was varied while the other three remained constant. In each run, oil and grease removal was determined at ten minutes interval for 60 minutes through analysis. The results showed that the highest oil and grease removal
efficiencies of 96.28% 98.74%, 99.02 and 93.03%were achieved at the optimum conditions of ph=3, fe2+=3.2 g/l, temp=450C and H2O2=4.5moles respectively and the oil and grease removal was progressive with time until at the point of inflection at 50 minutes where the removal appeared steady. Oil and grease removal efficiency was highly sensitive to the operating conditions. At excess values of the operating conditions, that is, at values beyond
the optimum values, the rate of formation of the hydroxyl radical (OH•) became sluggish, impairing removal process. This also explained why the removal efficiency progressed to the plateau at the optimum condition values, and then declined as the values of the operating conditions increased
Effects of oil spillage (pollution) on agricultural production in Delta Central Agricultural Zone of Delta State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe article contains tablesThe work analyzed the effects of oil spillage/pollution on agricultural production in Delta Central Agricultural Zone of Delta State, Nigeria. The specific objective of this study are to “describe the socio – economic characteristics of the respondents, to identify agricultural production activities of the respondents, to identify causes of oil spillage/pollution of the area, and to describe the effects of oil spillage on agricultural production activities of its respondents. A simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 115 respondents for the study. Data collected through questionnaire were analyzed using percentage presented in tables. Result shows that oil spillage /pollution occurred as a result of corrosion of oil pipelines and explosion of oil wells/terminal/stations, giving rise to unproductive soil, reducing the people interest in agricultural activities. However, some recommendation were made, the first recommendation “a permanent disaster management institution should be established in this area the second recommendation was “oil companies should engage in preventative measure to mitigate the risk of oil spillage /pollution as well as ensuring transparency with regard to payment of compensation, contract to affected communities
Adsorptive removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution using agricultural waste: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies
No full textThis article contains tables and figuresThe potential of raw corn cobs (RCC) powder, for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution was investigated. The adsorbent was characterized by FTIR and SEM analysis. Batch adsorption studies were conducted and various parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, pH and temperature were studied to observe their effects in the dye adsorption process. The optimum conditions for the adsorption of MB onto the adsorbent (RCC) was found to be: contact time (30mins), pH (10.0) and temperature (343K) for an initial MB dye concentration of 100mg/l and adsorbent dose 1.0g. The experimental equilibrium adsorption data fitted best and well to the Freundlich and Halsey isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 18.28mg/g. The kinetic data conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that the rate limiting step may be chemisorptions. Adsorption mechanism was investigated with intra-particle diffusion model and it indicated that intra-particle diffusion was not the rate determining step. Thermodynamic quantities such as Gibbs free energy (∆G0), enthalpy (∆H0) andentropy (∆S0) were evaluated. The negative values of ∆G0 and the positive value of ∆H0 obtained indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process while the positive ∆S0 value obtained indicated increased randomness during the adsorption process
Adsorption of cupper (II) ion on heterogeneous surfaces of selected low-cost precursors; an application of isotherm, thermodynamic and kinetic models
Get PDFA research article on "adsorption of cupper (II) ion on heterogeneous surfaces of selected low-cost precursors". It contains graphs, pictures, tables and mathematical formulas.Cupper ions occur naturally in the environment and also prevalent in the waste from metal smelting industries through which it gets to the environment. Excessive intake of cupper results to adverse health effects on plant, animals and humans. The present study therefore studied the Adsorption of Cupper (II) ion on three activated bio-adsorbents; Unripe plantain peel, pineapple peel and commercial activated carbon. The activated carbons were characterized for surface morphology and functional groups for removal of Cupper (II) ion from aqueous solution. Batch process was adopted to study the time, temperature effect and isotherm equilibrium of Cupper (II) ion on. Adsorption of Cupper (II) ion on the three adsorbents got to equilibrium at between 80-100 minutes. Adsorption capacity of the three adsorbent was in this order at all temperature values; Unripe plantain peel greater than
pineapple peel and greater than commercial activated carbon. Adsorption of Cupper ion increased with temperature, adsorption got to its plateau at 45oC and began to decrease. Langumuir-freunlich and Dubini-Radushkevichmodels were applied to analyze the Isotherm data. Langumuir-freunlich described the data better than Dubini-Radushkevich. Also, Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion models were applied to test the kinetic data, pseudo-second-order fitted the data better than pseudo-first order. Pore-pore particle diffusion was observed to be the controlling step.
Endothermic and non- spontaneous processes characterized Cupper ion adsorption on the three adsorbents