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Effects of garlic and ginger grates on microbial profile and physico-chemical properties of fermented cassava products
Get PDFThis thesis is for the award of Master of Science (MSc.) in Food/Industrial MicrobiologyThe effects of ginger and garlic grate on the microbial succession, sensory, cyanide and physicochemical properties of fermented cassava products prepared in different methods were investigated. The results showed that species of Bacillus, Lactobacillus, E.coli,Rhizopus, Aspergillus, Geotrichum and Trichoderma were implicated in the fermentation process. Microbial successions monitored every 48hours for 10days showed that among the species already prevalent, Proteus spp were isolated on the 6 th to 10th day of fermenting unpeeled cassava with ginger and cassava only. The microbial counts increased following days of fermentation with decline from the 8 th and 10th day. The results for the sensory evaluation, showed an overall acceptability of the products for aroma, colour and texture. The fermented cassava products were analysed for nutritional, anti-nutritional and mineral properties using standard methods. The mean cassava preparations averaged over rates and treatment types revealed that the percentage Moisture contents of 19.702, 16.987 and 16.723% has unpeeled, peeled and mashed cassava preparations, Ash; 1.022, 0.796 and 1.373%, Fat; 3.305, 2.66 and 3.059%, Protein; 4.341, 4.66 and 4.955%, Carbohydrate; 67.671, 69.219 and 70.845% and Fibre; 3.953, 5.67 and 3.042% respectively. The investigation also revealed that Calcium contents were 0.258, 0.152 and 0.102mg/100g, Magnesium; 0.2099, 0.1639 and 0.1598mg/100g, Sodium; 0.0623, 0.0517 and 0.05mg/100g, Phosphorus; 40.548, 56.994 and 44.678mg/100g and Potassium; 0.125, 0.143 and 0.086mg/100g for unpeeled, mashed and peeled cassava preparations respectively. The contents of cyanogenic glucosides were 18.017, 16.348 and 15.075mg/100g, Flavonoid; 1.78, 2.03 and 1.83mg/100g, Alkaloid; 2.47, 2.83 and 2.58mg/100g and Tannin; 0.108, 0.244 and 0.128mg/100g for unpeeled, peeled and mashed cassava preparations averaged over treatment types and rates respectively. In conclusion, the results obtained in this work, revealed that cassava prepared in different preparation of cassava in different methods with the addition of varying quantities of garlic and ginger grates significantly affected the microbial, sensory and physicochemical properties of the fermented cassava products
An economic evaluation of investment in Mucuna solannie production
Get PDFA research article with figures and tablesMucuna solannie, a perennial crop, is a Fabaceae found in the South East of Nigeria and in some African and Asian countries. It exhibits interesting properties as a food additive, where it serves as viscosifier. It has, hence, been tested and used to formulate a drilling mud. The drilling mud formulated from it compares quite fine with other muds; with excellent rheological properties. It is suitable for top hole sections. The purpose of Mucuna solannie farming, as a cash crop, is to maintain adequate supply for continued application in the drilling industry; hence, it is a business venture. Also, a comprehensive list of processing equipment has been provided. The study gives the first pass assessments of the requirements for production and processing, necessary for sustained supply. A suitable farm location has been found in South-East Nigeria. Square planting pattern, on 10 hectares area of land, based on one plant per hill, with no filler crops, has been shown to yield 63.9 metric tonnes per year. An initial minimum investment of about 283,500 per year, at 22% DCF ROR, if the venture must remain profitable
Public participation in solid waste management practices within Owerri Urban of Imo State, Nigeria
Get PDFA research article with figures and tablesMunicipal waste disposal have reached a crucial point in major urban areas in Nigeria especially Owerri urban and householder’s readiness to participate in waste management are still declining moreover the problems of indiscriminate dumping of refuse at central places and open dumping and burning at private residents continue to persist. A structured questionnaire was provided to residents of Owerri urban areas addressing lack of knowledge and attitude as a factor in waste recycling, methods of waste disposal, participation and practice using SCHOM analysis that identified 24 active waste dump/disposal sites. ANOVA at 0.95% value of F calculated was 0.25 and less than the value of F critical at value of 4.25 which shows that the burning and burying of waste was unaffected by usage of bins within any location but rather a habit acquired over the years. Also F calculated in column of ANOVA was less than F critical and showed that different zones exhibit different disposal habits and their levels of participation are affected by levels of quality of surrounding environment, popular trend, sex, age and income. SCHOM participants revealed a trend in volume of waste generated among householders to be Metals<Glasses<Garden waste<Papers<plastics<Kitchen Litter. Analysis showed that Owerri urban residents had high level of awareness in waste sorting and it should be introduced because the public is more likely to participate in recycling programs when they contribute to the designing of such programs
Screening of ethanol extract of combretum racemosum and euphorbia hirt leaves for possible activity on trypanosoma brucei brucei infected mice
Get PDFAn original research article with tables and figuresEnrichment of medicinal plants with biologically active compounds which induce various chemo-therapeutic effects has made a good turn and philosophy in the science of pharmacology. In the light of the popular notion of the use of Combretum racemosum and Euphorbia hirta as potent ethnopharmaceutical botanicals, this study was done to determine the trypanocidal activity of the ethanol leaf extracts of the plants against Trypanosoma brucei brucei which was induced in Swiss albino mice. The animals were inoculated intraperitoneally (IP) with trypanosome load of 106, and were then kept under standard conditions for 10 days to enable circulation and reproduction of the parasite within them. Parasitaemia level was detected and analysed via microscopy. Both plants proved positive by overall reduction in the mean parasitaemia level as the days progressed at concentrations of 50,100 and 200mg/kg body weight respectively. Acute toxic dose for analysis of the high dose extract toleration was also checked by a 1000mg/kg administration of the extracts, while diminazene aceturate, a standard trypanocidal drug was used as control. Combretum racemosum exhibited its best trypanocidal activity at the 200mg/kg concentration, and Euphorbia hirta was at its best at 50mg/kg. Following the administration of diminazene aceturate (control) the parasites were cleared within four days of administration. The results derived were confirmed with statistical analysis using SPSS 16 software at p<0.05, and posits the possible utilization of these extracts of Combretum racemosum and Euphorbia hirta as trypanocidal agents
Effect of chemical agents on morphology, tensile properties and water diffusion behaviour of hibiscus sabdariffa fibers
Get PDFA short a Article on Effect of chemical agents of hibiscus sabdariffa fibers. It contains tables, pictures and graphs.Effective utilization of Hibiscus sabdariffa fibers in composites applications as a reinforcing fibers in polymer matrix have been a major concern due to its poor mechanical and hydrophilic properties. It will be of benefits to environmental and technological advancement, if its properties are properly handled. In this study, the morphological, tensile and water absorption characteristics of H. sabdariffa fibers was aimed to be investigated. H. sabdariffa fibers was modified using sodium hydroxides, sodium lauryl sulphate and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid. The morphology using scanning electron microscopy, tensile properties (strength, modulus, elongation and energy at break), water absorption and water diffusion behaviours were studied. Chemical modifications improved fiber surface and roughness, tensile strength and modulus, elongation and energy at break with reduced water absorption of H. sabdariffa fibers. The water diffusion behaviour is less - Fickian controlled by water penetration rate. Hence improved the hydrophobic nature of H. sabdariffa fiber
Evaluation of flow assurance in onshore production facilities in the Niger Delta
Get PDFThe research article contains tables and figuresFlow assurance is the efficient and successful flow of fluids in pipes. Some of the flow assurance challenges that can be encountered include hydrate formation, sand production, wax precipitation, scale deposits and emulsion problems. In onshore production facilities in the Niger Delta, wax deposition is the major challenge to efficient fluid flow. Consequently, it has been the focus of research to profer effective predictive and preventive solutions to a problem that has been tackled with curative methods for decades. This paper investigated paraffinic wax deposition using laboratory tests and field simulation with PipeSim; a pipeline simulator. The tests gave wax content results of 3.73% and 4.77% for samples A and B. The Simulation gave results of 3.71% and 4.78% for samples A and B, producing a good match when compared against the test results with a difference of less than ه0.05%. This paper therefore recommends the use of PipeSim simulation package for wax deposition determination and prediction especially in the absence of laboratory data in addition to properly scheduled pigging and solvent injections to check wax deposition in facilities handling waxy crude oil
The Role of community stakeholders and Ministry of Education in the effective implementation of School Library Guidelines (SLGs) in Nigerian schools
Get PDFThis research was conducted in collaboration with a FUTO staffThis paper is theoretically centred on an in-depth analysis of the role of community stakeholders and ministry of education in the full implementation of school library guidelines in Nigerian schools. The focus of this paper is that community stakeholders and the ministry of education have major roles to play in supporting the full implementation of SLGs through synergy between the stakeholders in the community, the ministry of education and the school librarians. The various stakeholders which make up the socio-cultural structure of the Nigerian community setting that can support the implementation of SLGs were identified to include: Alumni Association (AA), Parents Teachers Association (PTA), Committee of Retired Teachers (CRT), Council of Traditional Rulers (CTR) e.t.c. The paper focuses on partnership between the community stakeholders and school libraries for sustainable implementation of SLGs. It identified the community stakeholders, areas of partnership between the community stakeholders and school library for the implementation of SLGs, challenges to the joint effort were recognized with strategies for overcoming them. The position of this paper is that community stakeholders can only play a positive role in the implementation of the SLGs based on their level of awareness and mutual understanding. This has a strong implication for strategic lobbying and advocacy skills, co-sponsored activities aimed at attracting the stakeholders and school community social responsibility among school librarians in Nigerian
