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The Falling Stones of Choshkong (Raja's Water Channel)
No full textThe fourth tale is about the royal family of Shigar and a stream called Choshkong (Raja Sahib's Water Channel). When a member of Raja Sahib's family, especially a man, passed away, stones fell from above into this water channel. This tradition has been famous for a long time. The last elder in our royal family was Raja Muhammad Ali Shah Sahib, who passed away three years ago. On the evening he died, and the next morning, when I reached my house's steps for the funeral prayers, two stones fell. I heard the sound of falling stones and when I reached the door, stones fell again. I could see stones falling and dust rising. Whether you call it a myth or reality, this event is well-known among the people here.2.6.5.
History of Bagrot: the two Brothers Shoro and Mashoro
No full textOnce upon a time two brothers named Shoro and Mashoro came to this area. The walnut tree we still have here is a relic of Shoro's grandfather and we have kept it as a keepsake. When these two brothers first arrived here, a man from Chilkot married his daughter to Shoro and kept him as his son-in-law. Thus, Shoro settled here, and all the people here are his descendants. In fact, not just this village also the village of Hopay contains Shoro's descendants. Together both villages have around 200-250 households, all descendants of the same forefather who settled here more than a thousand years ago. The Bagrot area has been inhabited for a very long time, even longer than the population of Gilgit. At the time of Shoro and Mashoro, a spring used to flow from afar, and water came from there. Now, we have brought water from the upper river. We heard from our elders that when the two brothers came here, they planted two sticks and decided that the one whose stick remained green would stay here, whereas the other would leave. After some years, they returned to see that Shoro's stick was green, so the other brother [Mashoro] left and supposedly settled in Hundur.2.5.1.
Friendship, Deception, and Love
No full textOnce upon a time, there was a king and his minister, each with an only son who were the best of friends. One day, the king told his son: "I want you to marry the daughter of a neighbouring king." But the prince replied: "Father, I wish to marry the minister's daughter because the minister's son is my friend. We have different fathers but are like one soul." The king, unsure of how to proceed, discussed the matter with the minister, who in turn spoke to his son about marriage. Similarly, the minister's son expressed a desire to marry the king's daughter. Both the king and the minister were puzzled and decided to consult a clever old woman who assured them: "Is this even a problem? Give me three days, and I will turn them against each other." She began her plan by speaking separately to each of the young men, creating suspicion and confusion between them. Eventually, the king's son became so angry that he ordered his servant to kill the minister's son and make a kebab from his heart. The minister's son pleaded for his life and suggested they use the heart of a goat kid raised by an old woman, which tasted like a human heart. The servant agreed, and the minister's son was spared.
Years passed, and one day, the king's son was sitting by the river when a box floated by. Inside was a princess who pointed to a location before the box closed and flew away. The prince, captivated, couldn't decipher the message and demanded his friend's presence. The servant admitted the deception, but the prince insisted on finding his friend. The servant confessed to the minister's son, who returned to the prince. Upon hearing the story, the minister's son revealed that the princess was pointing to her location, inviting the prince to come and marry her. She was the daughter of King Dandan Badshah. The prince followed the directions, contacted King Dandan Badshah, and married the princess, fulfilling both his love and his friendship.2.3.11.
Shigar Fort and the Amacha Family
No full textIt has been a long time since my grandfather passed away. When we were young we had heard a tale from him about Shigar Fort and the Amacha family.
In ancient times, the Raja of Skardu attacked the Raja of Shigar and killed him. The Raja of Shigar had twelve sons, and the people of Shigar were ordered to kill them in different parts of Shigar. Amacha Hassan Khan, the youngest son who built Shigar Fort, was to be killed in Churka, Shigar, while other sons of the Raja were to be killed in Gulabpur and Wazirpur. In Gulabpur, a person named Apo Malik wanted to save the Amacha family. He took the disabled son of the Raja who was to be killed in their area and brought him to Churka in the morning. He requested the people there to keep the handicapped son, who had difficulties in hearing, and give him to Amacha Hassan Khan so he could escape. The people agreed, and Apo Malik swapped the sons and fled to the Mughal court. At that time, Shah Jahan was the Mughal emperor and Apo Malik took refuge there for a while until the son grew up. Eventually, they requested Shah Jahan to restore their kingdom, which was wrongfully taken from them. After listening to their plea, Shah Jahan sent an envoy to the King of Kashmir, asking him to help the Prince of Baltistan, Shigar, reclaim his land and palace. With the help of the King of Kashmir, Amacha Hassan Khan became the Raja of Shigar again and removed the occupying Raja. After becoming the Raja, in 1634, he laid the foundation of the present Shigar Fort, which is now known as Serena Fort. The craftsmen from Kashmir, who were brought by the King of Kashmir, built the Shigar Fort. Their descendants later built the Shigar Khanka, a large monastery in Shigar Bazaar. This architectural skill was brought to Baltistan from Kashmir and became famous throughout Baltistan. Eventually, houses were also built using this architectural style. These craftsmen were experts in their fields, including carpentry and carpet weaving. The Raja provided them with places to live, and they settled in Shigar. Their descendants reside in Shigar until today.not here2.7.4.22.7.4.
Shaman or Danyal in Gargo
No full textWhen I went to Gargo, a senior told me that there was a shaman also called danyal, in our village. One day, he was coming towards Gargo where he showed me the way. When he reached there, a woman with a child waited for him. She greeted him and said: "I have come and brought an old amulet for you. If you think it is appropriate, you can come with me. There is a lot of illness at home kindly come with me and recite some mantra on water." He agreed and added: "Close your eyes and put your feet on my feet." The child and the lady put her feet on his feet. He said: "Open your eyes." They had reached a place where she had never been before. She was surprised. The shaman said: "Do not worry, I will tell you later." They went inside where the sick child was. He recites some mantra and said that he needed now to do some shamanism. He tied a rope around the child's hand and the child got up and stood up. This made him to get great respect as he took care of them, fed them, and then gave them a vessel saying: "Take this vessel but don't tell to anyone that it is made of gold even though it seems to be of glass." Then he added: "Close your eyes, we belong to the Jinn". The lady replied: "We have heard a lot about you as we tried out a lot, but my child would not recover. You are a famous Shaman and your [healing] approach worked." After they returned home she did not mention anything to anyone, until one day she mistakenly disclosed the secret of the vessel to her husband. She said to him: "This vessel is made of gold and we are the billionaires (kharb patis)". The next day it had disappeared.2.5.13.
The Seven Rulers of Bagrot Valley
No full textIn the gracious name of Allah Almighty, I am grateful to you that you approached me for this session about my area, the Bagrot Valley, and I would certainly like to tell you a little on the history of this area.
As you know, Bagrot is one of the oldest valleys of Gilgit Baltistan along with others like Chilas, Darel, Naupur, and Barmas Valleys. A foreigner named Giriger, lend his name to the glacier, later the local population changed this name to Gilgit. Sanskirit is the real Shina language to which we have currently added multiple terminologies from different languages like Arabic, Persian, and Urdu alterating today's idiom from the authentic Shina language.
In old times there were seven rulers known as rajas in our area who governed its different parts with their [respective] boundaries. Whenever necessary the seven rulers would meet and discuss matters of importance for our area. Bagrot was such a powerful destination that its rulers along with their important ministers would stay multiple days in the meadows near to Bagrot Glacier. The first ruler, locally known as Shiri Badat, was also from Bagrot. His son Bagardo later went to Baltistan and ruled there.2.4.1.
Untersuchung der Transporteigenschaften von hergestellten MASH-Partikeln [Videos]
No full textDie Videos zeigen den Transport von MASH-Partikeln (Multifunctional Anisotropically Shaped Hybrid Particles) mithilfe von 3D-Helmholtz-Spulen. Die Partikel bestehen aus zwei Schichten, die jeweils aus einem Gast-Wirt-System aufgebaut sind. Dabei besteht die erste Schicht aus dem fluoreszierenden Phosphol als Gast-Partikel/Molekül und als Wirt-Polymer wird PMMA verwendet. Die zweite Schicht besteht aus AMONIL (Wirt-Polymer) und beinhaltet superparamagnetische Fe3O4-Partikel (Gast-Partikel).
Durch Anlegen eines externen Magnetfelds werden die MASH-Partikel auf einem Exchange-Bias-Substrat in eine Vorzugsrichtung transportiert.Dieser Datensatz gehört zu einer Dissertation. Die Verknüpfung wird in Kürze hergestellt
Bachelorarbeit: Bewertung der Anwendbarkeit von Single-Well Push-Pull Tracertests zur Bestimmung von Porosität und Dispersivität bei geringen hydraulischen Gradienten und in Brunnen mit großem Durchmesser
No full textSingle-Well Push-Pull Tracertests werden in der Forschung schon seit Jahrzehnten für verschiedenste Themengebiete angewendet. Das Verfahren ermöglicht eine effiziente und einfache Erkundung der hydraulischen Bedingungen im Untergrund.
Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich konkret mit der Fragestellung, ob und inwieweit der Single-Well Push-Pull Tracertest als Methode für die Herleitung der Porosität und Dispersivität eines Grundwasserleiters anwendbar ist, wenn nur ein sehr niedriger hydraulischer Gradient und dagegen jedoch ein großes Bohrlochvolumen vorausgesetzt sind. Zwei Versuche werden am Standort der Universität Kassel, Holländischer Platz, an einer Grundwassermessstelle durchgeführt, die vom BAUGRUND INSTITUT 2004 eingerichtet wurde.
Es wird die analytische Methodik von Hall et al. (1991) zur Ermittlung der Porosität des Grundwasserleiters angewendet. Gelhar & Collins (1971), Pickens & Grisak (1981) und Istok (2013) entwickelten eine Lösung zur Bestimmung der longitudinalen Dispersivität.
In den zwei Single-Well Push-Pull Tracertests wird Natriumbromid als Tracer eingesetzt
Cleaning Water Channels and other Traditions of Naltar Valley
No full textMy name is Muhammad Khan, and ever since I returned from pilgrimage with my mother, people call me Zawar Khan.
In our region, we had the tradition of blocking water in the streams and channels before the floods came after the winter as Naltar experiences frequent floods. Before blocking the water, women would take pots and containers to fetch water from distant streams and store it at home for use. Shepherds would take their animals to the forest early in the morning and graze them all day, returning in the evening with firewood. Additionally, we would dry meat and make nasalo. On the day of meat drying, we would make 21 small, thick chapatis chupati and place them on a large plate with butter in the middle. We would take these to the livestock shed along with pomegranates and walnuts. We would then hang a pomegranate on some support and take turns throwing walnuts to knock it down, after which all children would share and eat these things. Then we would bring back two animals, like two sheep, slaughter them at home, and dry the meat which we would eat in winter. Before Nowruz, water would start again flowing in the channels. We had a tradition that before the water came back, everyone would clean their respective channels, and once the water arrived, they would irrigate their fields. Later, the women would come together to weed the wheat fields, and when the wheat crop was ready, they would harvest it. They would then thresh it in the threshing floor using animals.2.5.14.
A Night in the Forest
No full textWhen I was young, we lived in a village called Dalku, also known as Dain [in Goharabad]. My mother explained that it got this name because, at night, people would hear a sound like "dang, dang," believed to be made by jinns. My mother, Salam Bibi, would take our 60-70 goats to graze daily. One day, when she returned home, she realized some goats were missing. My grandfather, noticing the loss, scolded her harshly. Feeling regretful, my mother decided to go back and find the goats, and I followed her. By the time we reached the heart of the forest, it was pitch dark, and we couldn't see our way back home, so we chose to stay under a large rock. After some time, we heard the sound of our lost goats. I felt relieved, thinking we could finally return home. But my mother warned me that it wasn't the actual sound of our goats, but rather the jinns imitating them. A little while later, we heard the sound of a cat from the top of the rock. I wanted to throw a stone, but my mother stopped me, saying it wasn't a cat but jinns again. She then hid me in her large woolen frock. Later, we heard my elder sister calling out to us. I was sure and hopeful that it was truly her and that we could finally go home. But once again, my mother stopped me, explaining that my sister was too far away, and it wasn't possible for her to be in the forest at this time of night. She believed it was another jinn trying to trick us. Terrified, I buried myself deeper into my mother's frock. My mother then pointed to a white line in the sky and told me that when it crossed the sky, it would be morning soon. We waited through the entire night in the jungle, and as dawn broke, we finally made our way back home.2.3.19.