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Realising Co-Development in Digital Twin Business Ecosystems for Heavy Machinery
No full textAbstract
A fundamental building block of digitalisation is the digital twin, a virtual duplicate of an entity that is accessible to relevant internal and external stakeholders and updated throughout the system's lifecycle to help decision-making associated with development, adaptability, production, and service. This chapter examines the application of the digital twin to achieve more effective development of a plywood panel repair line, a machine system featuring precision dynamics and mechanical complexity, by enabling better cooperation among the multidisciplinary engineering team and other stakeholders. For this case example, a digital twin was developed for the system's most critical elements: the vacuum conveyor, the defect detection system, and the repair area. Well-timed communication among members of the product team is essential to achieving rapid design iteration for complex systems such as these. Realising the example revealed challenges with respect to coordination, complexity, and interconnectedness, and the management of data and software intensiveness that were addressed via digital twin data management, the use of surrogate models, and virtual prototyping. Results suggest that cooperative development within a digital twin business ecosystem enables more informal controls that promote initiative and creativity from development personnel and leads to faster and more effective product development. When the simulation methodology allowed correct automation codes running already in the testing phase, user interfaces, digital service data collection, and reporting could be done in advance, facilitating on-time feedback on the development. Thus, the proposed approach will fasten the supply time significantly.Abstract
A fundamental building block of digitalisation is the digital twin, a virtual duplicate of an entity that is accessible to relevant internal and external stakeholders and updated throughout the system's lifecycle to help decision-making associated with development, adaptability, production, and service. This chapter examines the application of the digital twin to achieve more effective development of a plywood panel repair line, a machine system featuring precision dynamics and mechanical complexity, by enabling better cooperation among the multidisciplinary engineering team and other stakeholders. For this case example, a digital twin was developed for the system's most critical elements: the vacuum conveyor, the defect detection system, and the repair area. Well-timed communication among members of the product team is essential to achieving rapid design iteration for complex systems such as these. Realising the example revealed challenges with respect to coordination, complexity, and interconnectedness, and the management of data and software intensiveness that were addressed via digital twin data management, the use of surrogate models, and virtual prototyping. Results suggest that cooperative development within a digital twin business ecosystem enables more informal controls that promote initiative and creativity from development personnel and leads to faster and more effective product development. When the simulation methodology allowed correct automation codes running already in the testing phase, user interfaces, digital service data collection, and reporting could be done in advance, facilitating on-time feedback on the development. Thus, the proposed approach will fasten the supply time significantly
Relaxed and flexible - what (else) happens when sofas enter everyday lives of schools?
No full textAbstract
School environments in Finland are changing from traditional classrooms towards more flexible architectures. This change invites designers and commercial organizations to take part in re-thinking these environments by creating narratives of desirable educational environments. Their comprehensive furniture solutions promise flexible entities, including components that facilitate sharing and joining together. This article describes the school architecture reform from the perspective of one local school. We focus on an element emblematic of the planned relaxed learning environment: sofas, and discuss these using the philosophical concept of assemblage. We propose that arriving in the everyday life of a school the comfortable sofa – the promise of relaxation – also begins to participate in and to produce negotiations of power. Sofa becomes a participant in an assemblage of school: the sofa brings to surface relations that everyday life school assemblages already foster and sustain, making the negotiations of power in the school visible.Abstract
School environments in Finland are changing from traditional classrooms towards more flexible architectures. This change invites designers and commercial organizations to take part in re-thinking these environments by creating narratives of desirable educational environments. Their comprehensive furniture solutions promise flexible entities, including components that facilitate sharing and joining together. This article describes the school architecture reform from the perspective of one local school. We focus on an element emblematic of the planned relaxed learning environment: sofas, and discuss these using the philosophical concept of assemblage. We propose that arriving in the everyday life of a school the comfortable sofa – the promise of relaxation – also begins to participate in and to produce negotiations of power. Sofa becomes a participant in an assemblage of school: the sofa brings to surface relations that everyday life school assemblages already foster and sustain, making the negotiations of power in the school visible
The Uncanny in Tove Jansson's Short Stories: Motifs of the Sublime and the Horror
No full textAbstract
This chapter focuses on different kinds of uncanny in Tove Jansson's fiction. I argue that there are at least two distinct kinds of uncanny experiences that Jansson uses in their fiction. There are clear horror motifs that can be unveiled. First, I analyse the outsider motif and the doppelgänger motif. Secondly, I analyse the motif of the haunted house. These motifs and elements are analysed mainly from five short stories by Jansson: “Summer Child” (“Sommarbarnet”) from the collection Travelling light (Resa med lätt bagage, 1972), “Emmelina” from Letters from Klara (Brev från Klara, 1991), “Cliché” (“Kliche”, 1935) published in posthumous collection Bulevarden och andra texter (2017), “Black-White” (“Svart-vitt”) from the collection The Listener (Lyssnerskan, 1971), and “The Doll's House” (“Dockskåpet”) from the collection Art in Nature (Dockskåpet och andra berättelser, 1978).Abstract
This chapter focuses on different kinds of uncanny in Tove Jansson's fiction. I argue that there are at least two distinct kinds of uncanny experiences that Jansson uses in their fiction. There are clear horror motifs that can be unveiled. First, I analyse the outsider motif and the doppelgänger motif. Secondly, I analyse the motif of the haunted house. These motifs and elements are analysed mainly from five short stories by Jansson: “Summer Child” (“Sommarbarnet”) from the collection Travelling light (Resa med lätt bagage, 1972), “Emmelina” from Letters from Klara (Brev från Klara, 1991), “Cliché” (“Kliche”, 1935) published in posthumous collection Bulevarden och andra texter (2017), “Black-White” (“Svart-vitt”) from the collection The Listener (Lyssnerskan, 1971), and “The Doll's House” (“Dockskåpet”) from the collection Art in Nature (Dockskåpet och andra berättelser, 1978)
A Prospective Study Consortium for the Discovery and Validation of Early Detection Markers for Ovarian Cancer ("PREDICT") - Baseline findings for CA125
No full textAbstract
Purpose:
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a lethal malignancy. CA125, the “best” available marker for detecting EOC, has insufficient sensitivity and specificity for earlier-stage disease and is not a meaningful screening tool, motivating the search for further biomarkers. Cancer biomarker discovery is enhanced by “omics” technologies. Discovery studies for EOC biomarkers should be conducted in pre-diagnosis blood samples from prospective cohorts to maximize likelihood of identifying markers that can detect disease before usual diagnosis and in earlier disease stage, while reducing methodologic biases. Experimental
Design:
Individual cohorts with pre-diagnosis blood samples have insufficient sample size for such studies. thus, we established “PREDICT” (“Prospective Early Detection Consortium for Ovarian Cancer")—a collaboration of nine prospective studies—to assemble a sufficient number of EOC cases with blood samples collected ≤18 months before diagnosis plus controls. The 457 cases and 1,687 controls have circulating CA125 measured using a clinical assay.
Results:
The discrimination capacity for single CA125 measurements in samples collected <6 months prior to diagnosis was high (area under the curve (AUC), PREDICT overall=0.92; range across cohorts of non-pregnant individuals=0.89–0.98), and declined with extended time between blood collection and diagnosis. Between-cohort variability in CA125 levels and predictive performance was observed.
Conclusions:
Ongoing investigations in PREDICT are evaluating the early detection potential of tumor-associated autoantibodies and microRNAs, using CA125 as a benchmark. PREDICT is a well-characterized resource for identifying and validating detection markers for EOC that may then be used in multi-modal screening, as a complement to CA125 and combined with imaging.Abstract
Purpose:
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a lethal malignancy. CA125, the “best” available marker for detecting EOC, has insufficient sensitivity and specificity for earlier-stage disease and is not a meaningful screening tool, motivating the search for further biomarkers. Cancer biomarker discovery is enhanced by “omics” technologies. Discovery studies for EOC biomarkers should be conducted in pre-diagnosis blood samples from prospective cohorts to maximize likelihood of identifying markers that can detect disease before usual diagnosis and in earlier disease stage, while reducing methodologic biases. Experimental
Design:
Individual cohorts with pre-diagnosis blood samples have insufficient sample size for such studies. thus, we established “PREDICT” (“Prospective Early Detection Consortium for Ovarian Cancer")—a collaboration of nine prospective studies—to assemble a sufficient number of EOC cases with blood samples collected ≤18 months before diagnosis plus controls. The 457 cases and 1,687 controls have circulating CA125 measured using a clinical assay.
Results:
The discrimination capacity for single CA125 measurements in samples collected <6 months prior to diagnosis was high (area under the curve (AUC), PREDICT overall=0.92; range across cohorts of non-pregnant individuals=0.89–0.98), and declined with extended time between blood collection and diagnosis. Between-cohort variability in CA125 levels and predictive performance was observed.
Conclusions:
Ongoing investigations in PREDICT are evaluating the early detection potential of tumor-associated autoantibodies and microRNAs, using CA125 as a benchmark. PREDICT is a well-characterized resource for identifying and validating detection markers for EOC that may then be used in multi-modal screening, as a complement to CA125 and combined with imaging
Furan-Based Polyesters from Diethylene Glycol with Facile Chemical Recyclability
No full textAbstract
Simple renewable furans can be used to derive various monomer structures for use in polymeric materials. The dimethyl esters of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), 5,5′-thiodi(2-furoic acid), and 5,5′-sulfonyldi(2-furoic acid) were reacted with diethylene glycol, yielding renewable polyesters with excellent O2 barrier properties and facile chemical recyclability. Glass transition temperatures for the polyesters were 33–70 °C, while thermal decomposition took place at 321 °C or above. Oxygen permeabilities were measured from free-standing films and compared to poly(ethylene terephthalate). The polyesters showed excellent barrier improvement factors (BIFs) of 3.1–6.0 and 5.2–11.0 at 50 and 0% relative humidities, respectively, with the polyester from the sulfide having the highest BIFs, followed by the polyesters of FDCA and the sulfone in an order that depended on humidity. The three polyesters were remarkably easy to chemically recycle under mild conditions. The original dimethyl esters were recovered by filtration after a room temperature reaction with anhydrous methanol and catalytic K2CO3. Monomer yields from film recycling reached as high as 96% for the sulfide-based polyester with high purity.Abstract
Simple renewable furans can be used to derive various monomer structures for use in polymeric materials. The dimethyl esters of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), 5,5′-thiodi(2-furoic acid), and 5,5′-sulfonyldi(2-furoic acid) were reacted with diethylene glycol, yielding renewable polyesters with excellent O2 barrier properties and facile chemical recyclability. Glass transition temperatures for the polyesters were 33–70 °C, while thermal decomposition took place at 321 °C or above. Oxygen permeabilities were measured from free-standing films and compared to poly(ethylene terephthalate). The polyesters showed excellent barrier improvement factors (BIFs) of 3.1–6.0 and 5.2–11.0 at 50 and 0% relative humidities, respectively, with the polyester from the sulfide having the highest BIFs, followed by the polyesters of FDCA and the sulfone in an order that depended on humidity. The three polyesters were remarkably easy to chemically recycle under mild conditions. The original dimethyl esters were recovered by filtration after a room temperature reaction with anhydrous methanol and catalytic K2CO3. Monomer yields from film recycling reached as high as 96% for the sulfide-based polyester with high purity
Aminooxy Biotin-Based Characterization of the Surfaceome of Chondrogenic Cells
No full textAbstract
This protocol outlines a comprehensive approach for characterizing the cell surface subproteome of chondroprogenitor cells, based on aminooxy biotinylation followed by mass spectrometry analysis. The first step involves the selective labeling of cell surface proteins with aminooxy biotin on living chondroprogenitor cells, ensuring the specific tagging of glycoproteins on the outer membrane. Subsequently, glycocapture technique is employed to enrich the glycosylated fraction of the cell surface proteins. Following multiple wash steps to reduce contamination with detergents and nonsurface proteins, shotgun mass spectrometry is applied for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the enriched subproteome, allowing for the identification and characterization of surface proteins. The integration of these techniques offers a comprehensive and sensitive method for profiling the cell surface proteome during chondrogenesis, enabling a deeper understanding of the molecular composition of chondroprogenitor cells. This protocol holds promise for advancing our knowledge of chondrogenesis and may contribute to the identification of potential therapeutic targets for cartilage-related disorders.Abstract
This protocol outlines a comprehensive approach for characterizing the cell surface subproteome of chondroprogenitor cells, based on aminooxy biotinylation followed by mass spectrometry analysis. The first step involves the selective labeling of cell surface proteins with aminooxy biotin on living chondroprogenitor cells, ensuring the specific tagging of glycoproteins on the outer membrane. Subsequently, glycocapture technique is employed to enrich the glycosylated fraction of the cell surface proteins. Following multiple wash steps to reduce contamination with detergents and nonsurface proteins, shotgun mass spectrometry is applied for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the enriched subproteome, allowing for the identification and characterization of surface proteins. The integration of these techniques offers a comprehensive and sensitive method for profiling the cell surface proteome during chondrogenesis, enabling a deeper understanding of the molecular composition of chondroprogenitor cells. This protocol holds promise for advancing our knowledge of chondrogenesis and may contribute to the identification of potential therapeutic targets for cartilage-related disorders
Introduction and Motivation
No full textSummary
The Internet of Things (IoT) concept has become a major technological disruptor, shaping the technology landscape and affecting many people's everyday lives. In this chapter, we set the scene by briefly discussing the current state-ofthe-art and the path towards it, the IoT connectivity landscape, motivating the need for nonterrestrial networks (NTN) and IoT integration, and highlighting some of the challenges. In the final section of the chapter, we offer an outlook on the following chapters of the book and their contribution in the context of satellite-IoT integration.Summary
The Internet of Things (IoT) concept has become a major technological disruptor, shaping the technology landscape and affecting many people's everyday lives. In this chapter, we set the scene by briefly discussing the current state-ofthe-art and the path towards it, the IoT connectivity landscape, motivating the need for nonterrestrial networks (NTN) and IoT integration, and highlighting some of the challenges. In the final section of the chapter, we offer an outlook on the following chapters of the book and their contribution in the context of satellite-IoT integration
