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Pan-Finnicism and neutrality policy : The East Karelian uprising in the editorials of the three Finnish principal party newspapers during 1921–1922
No full textEi tiivistelmä
Supply chain resilience to climate change inflicted extreme events in agri-food industry : The role of social capital and network complexity
No full textAbstractIn light of climate change inflicted extreme events—such as floods, fires, droughts, storms, and hurricanes, along with the consequent widespread business disruptions—supply chain resilience (SCR) has emerged as a critical tool to sustain business performance. However, little in-depth theoretical and empirical research has been conducted in relation to the link between exposure to climate change and SCR and the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions that explicate this relationship. Using time-lagged data drawn from 260 firms in the Australian food supply chains, we examined how exposure to climate change influences SCR in the face of extreme events, and whether intra- and inter-firm social capital and network complexity affect this relationship. Our analysis revealed that exposure to climate change events has a direct positive—albeit not statistically significant—influence on SCR to extreme events. Nevertheless, we found that exposure to climate change significantly and positively influences SCR to extreme events through the mediation of intra- and inter-firm social capital. Additionally, we uncovered that network complexity does not influence the effect of intra-firm social capital on SCR to extreme events, whereas it does negatively influence that of inter-firm social capital. The reliability and validity of our results were confirmed by means of robustness tests. Our study, which has several theoretical and practical implications, makes specific contributions to the United Nations Development Goals.Abstract
In light of climate change inflicted extreme events—such as floods, fires, droughts, storms, and hurricanes, along with the consequent widespread business disruptions—supply chain resilience (SCR) has emerged as a critical tool to sustain business performance. However, little in-depth theoretical and empirical research has been conducted in relation to the link between exposure to climate change and SCR and the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions that explicate this relationship. Using time-lagged data drawn from 260 firms in the Australian food supply chains, we examined how exposure to climate change influences SCR in the face of extreme events, and whether intra- and inter-firm social capital and network complexity affect this relationship. Our analysis revealed that exposure to climate change events has a direct positive—albeit not statistically significant—influence on SCR to extreme events. Nevertheless, we found that exposure to climate change significantly and positively influences SCR to extreme events through the mediation of intra- and inter-firm social capital. Additionally, we uncovered that network complexity does not influence the effect of intra-firm social capital on SCR to extreme events, whereas it does negatively influence that of inter-firm social capital. The reliability and validity of our results were confirmed by means of robustness tests. Our study, which has several theoretical and practical implications, makes specific contributions to the United Nations Development Goals
Artificial intelligence in biomaterials: a call for unified biocompatibility standards
No full textAbstract
A standardized definition of biocompatibility is essential for advancing biomaterials research. This letter emphasizes the need for clear guidelines and interdisciplinary frameworks in assessing biocompatibility, with artificial intelligence (AI) playing a pivotal role. Such an approach will facilitate research efforts and strengthen regulatory processes to develop next-generation biomaterials.Abstract
A standardized definition of biocompatibility is essential for advancing biomaterials research. This letter emphasizes the need for clear guidelines and interdisciplinary frameworks in assessing biocompatibility, with artificial intelligence (AI) playing a pivotal role. Such an approach will facilitate research efforts and strengthen regulatory processes to develop next-generation biomaterials
The role of AI powered digital marketing analytics in the tourism industry
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Digital marketing analytics has had a revolutionary effect in different industries including tourism industry, bringing innovative strategic developments. The recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) have transformed the way digital marketing analytics is being utilised in the tourism industry however, there is still little known with reference to the tourism industry. Having identified this gap, this chapter provides deeper understanding of real-world applications of AI-powered digital marketing analytics suitable for the tourism industry. In the broad scope of this chapter, a thorough analysis covering the numerous aspects of AI-powered digital marketing analytics, this chapter provides a holistic understanding of utilizing digital marketing analytics and enhancing consumer value for the tourism industry.Abstract
Digital marketing analytics has had a revolutionary effect in different industries including tourism industry, bringing innovative strategic developments. The recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) have transformed the way digital marketing analytics is being utilised in the tourism industry however, there is still little known with reference to the tourism industry. Having identified this gap, this chapter provides deeper understanding of real-world applications of AI-powered digital marketing analytics suitable for the tourism industry. In the broad scope of this chapter, a thorough analysis covering the numerous aspects of AI-powered digital marketing analytics, this chapter provides a holistic understanding of utilizing digital marketing analytics and enhancing consumer value for the tourism industry
Envisioning Pathways to Pandemic-Proof Cities
No full textAbstract
This chapter explores theoretical grounds for the planning of pandemic-proof cities. It begins by revisiting and digesting a body of system-oriented theories from social-ecological systems thinking to Health Ecology, that address the multidimensionality of urban health and resilience in the ecological context of cities. Cities are at the forefront of public health challenges, as they are dense nodes of social, as well as human-animal interaction, providing ideal conditions for infectious diseases to spread. Unravelling the mediating role of built environments for health incorporates both measures of disease prevention and targeted interventions to reinforce affordances for health-promoting behaviour. Exploring the pathways through which urban planning could contribute to a larger systemic transformation towards planetary health necessitates cross-disciplinary efforts and a synoptic systems lens. Theoretical conceptualization is outlined based on the hypothesis that urban systems with high diversity are better able to reprogram, reconfigure, re-imagine, and re-think themselves after adversities.Abstract
This chapter explores theoretical grounds for the planning of pandemic-proof cities. It begins by revisiting and digesting a body of system-oriented theories from social-ecological systems thinking to Health Ecology, that address the multidimensionality of urban health and resilience in the ecological context of cities. Cities are at the forefront of public health challenges, as they are dense nodes of social, as well as human-animal interaction, providing ideal conditions for infectious diseases to spread. Unravelling the mediating role of built environments for health incorporates both measures of disease prevention and targeted interventions to reinforce affordances for health-promoting behaviour. Exploring the pathways through which urban planning could contribute to a larger systemic transformation towards planetary health necessitates cross-disciplinary efforts and a synoptic systems lens. Theoretical conceptualization is outlined based on the hypothesis that urban systems with high diversity are better able to reprogram, reconfigure, re-imagine, and re-think themselves after adversities
Changes in Respiratory Patterns From Pressure Control Ventilation to Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist Assessed by Electrical Impedance Tomography
No full textAbstract
Introduction:
Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA) is increasingly used as ventilatory support for preterm infants. Changes in ventilation distribution and respiratory patterns during the transition from patient-triggered time-cycled Pressure Controlled Ventilation (PCV) to NAVA have not yet been studied. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ventilation mode (PCV and NAVA, respectively) on ventilation distribution and breathing patterns in preterm infants with Electrical Impedance Tomography.
Methods:
This study included 16 premature infants at Oulu University Hospital who participated in the observational CRADL project and were on NAVA. EIT data was retrospectively assessed by choosing a 1-min stable recording before and after the change from one to the other mode. The primary endpoint was changes in global and regional ventilation parameters (ΔZ), and the secondary endpoints were Centers of Ventilation (CoVs), the amount of silent spaces, and the duration of inspiratory and respiratory cycle times.
Results:
A larger variation in the global tidal impedance variation (p < 0.05) and the respiratory cycle time (p < 0.05) was observed on NAVA than on PCV. Sighs, which were determined as a breath impedance change twice the size of an average breath on PCV, were more frequent during NAVA than PCV (5.1% vs 0.8%, respectively). Mean global or regional impedance variations or silent spaces did not differ between PCV and NAVA.
Conclusion:
NAVA allowed more variable breathing patterns during invasive respiratory support than patient-triggered PCV. However, variability in the respiratory cycle did not lead to systematic changes in ventilation distribution or silent spaces.Abstract
Introduction:
Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA) is increasingly used as ventilatory support for preterm infants. Changes in ventilation distribution and respiratory patterns during the transition from patient-triggered time-cycled Pressure Controlled Ventilation (PCV) to NAVA have not yet been studied. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ventilation mode (PCV and NAVA, respectively) on ventilation distribution and breathing patterns in preterm infants with Electrical Impedance Tomography.
Methods:
This study included 16 premature infants at Oulu University Hospital who participated in the observational CRADL project and were on NAVA. EIT data was retrospectively assessed by choosing a 1-min stable recording before and after the change from one to the other mode. The primary endpoint was changes in global and regional ventilation parameters (ΔZ), and the secondary endpoints were Centers of Ventilation (CoVs), the amount of silent spaces, and the duration of inspiratory and respiratory cycle times.
Results:
A larger variation in the global tidal impedance variation (p < 0.05) and the respiratory cycle time (p < 0.05) was observed on NAVA than on PCV. Sighs, which were determined as a breath impedance change twice the size of an average breath on PCV, were more frequent during NAVA than PCV (5.1% vs 0.8%, respectively). Mean global or regional impedance variations or silent spaces did not differ between PCV and NAVA.
Conclusion:
NAVA allowed more variable breathing patterns during invasive respiratory support than patient-triggered PCV. However, variability in the respiratory cycle did not lead to systematic changes in ventilation distribution or silent spaces
Designing Behavior Change Support Systems for Recovery from Addictions: Mapping Software Features with Counseling Strategies
No full textAbstract
Addiction is one of the most important health issues around the world. It affects individuals, families, and societies while traditional approaches struggle with relapse and drop-out rates, accessibility problems, and aftercare support. However, behavior change support systems can offer substantial support by integrating evidence-based counseling strategies with Persuasive Systems Design. This paper presents a framework for mapping psychological approaches (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Minnesota Model, Contingency Management, and Family/Couples Therapies) with specific Persuasive Systems Design principles. This approach fills the gap between treatment and technology by showing how counseling strategies and persuasive software features can support addiction recovery together at different stages of recovery.Abstract
Addiction is one of the most important health issues around the world. It affects individuals, families, and societies while traditional approaches struggle with relapse and drop-out rates, accessibility problems, and aftercare support. However, behavior change support systems can offer substantial support by integrating evidence-based counseling strategies with Persuasive Systems Design. This paper presents a framework for mapping psychological approaches (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Minnesota Model, Contingency Management, and Family/Couples Therapies) with specific Persuasive Systems Design principles. This approach fills the gap between treatment and technology by showing how counseling strategies and persuasive software features can support addiction recovery together at different stages of recovery
PHANTOM REGIONS WITH PENUMBRAL BORDERS: Discussing the Palimpsest Spatialities and Hybrid Identities of Huizhou Region, China
No full textAbstract
Transformation of regional identities by administrative spatial restructurings has been relatively little studied, particularly in the context of regional deinstitutionalization. This article develops further a theoretical and conceptual framework of regional identities in spatial restructurings by discussing how deinstitutionalized ‘phantom’ regions with ‘penumbral’ borders beget more hybrid spatial identities. Empirically, the focus is on the Huizhou region in China: we study the changes in regional identity generated by several spatial de- and reconstruction processes. Underlining hybridity, we show that, although regional identity is shifting away from territorial belonging to Huizhou in some parts of the region (e.g. Wuyuan County), cultural identification with the Huizhou region remains strong even after a long period of administrative separation. Relatedly, we point out that deinstitutionalization in the Huizhou region has not been exhaustive and its regional identity is being increasingly reconstructed in a utilitarian manner for economic purposes. Despite (and partly because of) this, a sense of regional belonging has been maintained. Regional identities associated with Huizhou are relational and, more precisely, hybrid, as they are connected to regions that are neither fully institutionalized nor deinstitutionalized but appear as multilayered palimpsests that are being transformed through processes of constant making and remaking.Abstract
Transformation of regional identities by administrative spatial restructurings has been relatively little studied, particularly in the context of regional deinstitutionalization. This article develops further a theoretical and conceptual framework of regional identities in spatial restructurings by discussing how deinstitutionalized ‘phantom’ regions with ‘penumbral’ borders beget more hybrid spatial identities. Empirically, the focus is on the Huizhou region in China: we study the changes in regional identity generated by several spatial de- and reconstruction processes. Underlining hybridity, we show that, although regional identity is shifting away from territorial belonging to Huizhou in some parts of the region (e.g. Wuyuan County), cultural identification with the Huizhou region remains strong even after a long period of administrative separation. Relatedly, we point out that deinstitutionalization in the Huizhou region has not been exhaustive and its regional identity is being increasingly reconstructed in a utilitarian manner for economic purposes. Despite (and partly because of) this, a sense of regional belonging has been maintained. Regional identities associated with Huizhou are relational and, more precisely, hybrid, as they are connected to regions that are neither fully institutionalized nor deinstitutionalized but appear as multilayered palimpsests that are being transformed through processes of constant making and remaking
Polaronic Hall mobility in neodymium nickelate films
No full textAbstract
Knowledge of the carrier mobility is essential for identifying and understanding charge transport mechanisms. This is especially relevant in rare-earth perovskite nickelates ReNiO3, which exhibit an orders-of-magnitude increase in electrical conductivity upon heating. Here, by studying the conductivity and the Hall effect in thin epitaxial films of neodymium nickelate NdNiO3, we experimentally establish the Hall mobility over a temperature interval of 4–400 K. The Hall mobility is found to be smaller than 1 cm2∕Vs at all temperatures, which indicates carrier localization. A temperature analysis of the conductivity, the Hall coefficient, and the Hall mobility reveals the hopping of small polarons in the low-temperature insulator state, the possible transport of large polarons in the high-temperature conducting state, and percolation-type behavior in the transitional region. The evidenced polaronic transport is suggested to be innate in nickelates.Abstract
Knowledge of the carrier mobility is essential for identifying and understanding charge transport mechanisms. This is especially relevant in rare-earth perovskite nickelates ReNiO3, which exhibit an orders-of-magnitude increase in electrical conductivity upon heating. Here, by studying the conductivity and the Hall effect in thin epitaxial films of neodymium nickelate NdNiO3, we experimentally establish the Hall mobility over a temperature interval of 4–400 K. The Hall mobility is found to be smaller than 1 cm2∕Vs at all temperatures, which indicates carrier localization. A temperature analysis of the conductivity, the Hall coefficient, and the Hall mobility reveals the hopping of small polarons in the low-temperature insulator state, the possible transport of large polarons in the high-temperature conducting state, and percolation-type behavior in the transitional region. The evidenced polaronic transport is suggested to be innate in nickelates
Towards sustainable indoor sensing and localization with battery-free light-based Internet of Things
No full textAbstract
The emergence of 6G and beyond Internet of Things (IoT) technologies is expected to drive large-scale indoor IoT deployments, which present several challenges. Congestion in the radio frequency (RF) spectrum, coupled with the e-waste and maintenance demands associated with electrochemical batteries, necessitate a sustainable, battery-free, and recyclable IoT architecture specifically designed for indoor applications, complementing existing RF-based IoT solutions. In response, this research proposes a Light-based IoT (LIoT) that utilizes indoor illumination as a unified medium for energy harvesting (EH) and optical wireless communication (OWC), enabling sustainable battery-free operation.
The LIoT system repurposes LED luminaires as access points that simultaneously provide illumination and support OWC. The proposed node integrates photovoltaic (PV)-based energy harvesting, sustainable materials, and intermittent operation to enable zero-energy IoT (ZE-IoT) functionality. Communication is established through visible light and infrared links, and a proof-of-concept (PoC) prototype demonstrates energy-autonomous operation under typical indoor conditions.
Beyond sensing and communication, the same LIoT hardware can be reused for indoor localization. Features derived from optical detectors and PV harvesters estimate the spatial context, eliminating dedicated localization infrastructure. Results from the ML-assisted PoC system show 80% positioning accuracy within a 12.5 cm margin and 68% orientation classification accuracy.
To address non-uniform indoor illumination, the LIoT framework introduces Data-Energy Networking (DE-LIoT). In this approach, energy-rich nodes collaborate with the data network to intermittently share surplus energy with nearby constrained nodes via Optical Wireless Power Transfer (OWPT), forming a cooperative data-energy network. Evaluation using the PoC DE-LIoT system demonstrates a 50% increase in illumination at the target node and an extension of battery-free operation from 8 hours to over 40 hours.
Overall, this research validates the LIoT concept through PoC implementations, establishing a framework for sustainable, battery-free indoor IoT.Tiivistelmä
6G-teknologian ja muiden esineiden internetin (IoT) teknologioiden kehityksen odotetaan edistävän laajamittaista esineiden internetin käyttöä sisätiloissa, mikä tuo mukanaan useita haasteita. Radiotaajuusspektrin (RF) ruuhkautuminen sekä sähkökemiallisiin akkuihin liittyvät elektroniikkajäte- ja huoltovaatimukset edellyttävät kestävää, akutonta ja kierrätettävää IoT-arkkitehtuuria, joka on suunniteltu erityisesti sisätilojen sovelluksiin ja joka täydentää nykyisiä RF-pohjaisia IoT-ratkaisuja. Tässä tutkimuksessa ehdotetaankin valoon perustuvaa esineiden internetiä (Light-based IoT, LIoT), jossa hyödynnetään sisätilojen valaistusta energian keräämisen ja optisen langattoman viestinnän (OWC) yhdistettynä välineenä kestävää akutonta toimintaa varten.
LIoT-järjestelmässä LED-valaisimia käytetään liityntäpisteinä, jotka samalla valaisevat ja tukevat OWC-viestintää. Ehdotetussa solmussa yhdistyvät aurinkosähköön (PV) perustuva energian kerääminen, kestävät materiaalit ja ajoittainen toiminta, millä saadaan aikaan nollaenergialla toimivat IoT-toiminnot (ZE-IoT). Viestintä tapahtuu näkyvän valon ja infrapunayhteyksien avulla. Konseptin toimivuutta osoittavalla (proof-of-concept, PoC) prototyypillä voidaan osoittaa energian suhteen itsenäinen toiminta tyypillisissä sisäolosuhteissa.
Havaitsemisen ja viestinnän lisäksi samaa LIoT-laitteistoa voidaan käyttää paikantamiseen sisätiloissa. Optisista ilmaisimista ja aurinkosähkön keräimistä johdetut ominaisuudet arvioivat Zen-paikkatietokontekstin, jolloin erillistä paikannusinfrastruktuuria ei tarvita. Koneoppimisavusteisen PoC-järjestelmän tuloksissa näkyy 80 %:n paikannustarkkuus 12,5 cm:n marginaalilla sekä 68 %:n suuntaluokitustarkkuus.
Sisätilojen epäyhtenäisen valaistuksen käsittelemiseksi LIoT-kehyksessä esitellään data-energiaverkot (DE-LIoT). Tässä lähestymistavassa paljon energiaa sisältävät solmut toimivat yhdessä tietoverkon kanssa ja jakavat ajoittain ylijäämäenergiaa läheisten rajoitettujen solmujen kanssa optisen langattoman tehonsiirron (OWPT) avulla. Näin muodostuu yhteistoiminnallinen data-energiaverkko. PoC-vaiheen DE-LIoT-järjestelmällä tehty arviointi osoittaa, että kohdesolmun valaisu lisääntyy 50 % ja akuton toiminta-aika pitenee 8 tunnista yli 40 tuntiin.
Tämä tutkimus validoi LIoT-konseptin PoC-toteutusten avulla ja luo puitteet kestävälle, akuttomalle IoT:lle sisätiloissa.Academic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Doctoral Programme Committee of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering of the University of Oulu for public defence in the Wetteri auditorium (IT115), Linnanmaa, on 16 January 2026, at 12 noonAbstract
The emergence of 6G and beyond Internet of Things (IoT) technologies is expected to drive large-scale indoor IoT deployments, which present several challenges. Congestion in the radio frequency (RF) spectrum, coupled with the e-waste and maintenance demands associated with electrochemical batteries, necessitate a sustainable, battery-free, and recyclable IoT architecture specifically designed for indoor applications, complementing existing RF-based IoT solutions. In response, this research proposes a Light-based IoT (LIoT) that utilizes indoor illumination as a unified medium for energy harvesting (EH) and optical wireless communication (OWC), enabling sustainable battery-free operation.
The LIoT system repurposes LED luminaires as access points that simultaneously provide illumination and support OWC. The proposed node integrates photovoltaic (PV)-based energy harvesting, sustainable materials, and intermittent operation to enable zero-energy IoT (ZE-IoT) functionality. Communication is established through visible light and infrared links, and a proof-of-concept (PoC) prototype demonstrates energy-autonomous operation under typical indoor conditions.
Beyond sensing and communication, the same LIoT hardware can be reused for indoor localization. Features derived from optical detectors and PV harvesters estimate the spatial context, eliminating dedicated localization infrastructure. Results from the ML-assisted PoC system show 80% positioning accuracy within a 12.5 cm margin and 68% orientation classification accuracy.
To address non-uniform indoor illumination, the LIoT framework introduces Data-Energy Networking (DE-LIoT). In this approach, energy-rich nodes collaborate with the data network to intermittently share surplus energy with nearby constrained nodes via Optical Wireless Power Transfer (OWPT), forming a cooperative data-energy network. Evaluation using the PoC DE-LIoT system demonstrates a 50% increase in illumination at the target node and an extension of battery-free operation from 8 hours to over 40 hours.
Overall, this research validates the LIoT concept through PoC implementations, establishing a framework for sustainable, battery-free indoor IoT.Tiivistelmä
6G-teknologian ja muiden esineiden internetin (IoT) teknologioiden kehityksen odotetaan edistävän laajamittaista esineiden internetin käyttöä sisätiloissa, mikä tuo mukanaan useita haasteita. Radiotaajuusspektrin (RF) ruuhkautuminen sekä sähkökemiallisiin akkuihin liittyvät elektroniikkajäte- ja huoltovaatimukset edellyttävät kestävää, akutonta ja kierrätettävää IoT-arkkitehtuuria, joka on suunniteltu erityisesti sisätilojen sovelluksiin ja joka täydentää nykyisiä RF-pohjaisia IoT-ratkaisuja. Tässä tutkimuksessa ehdotetaankin valoon perustuvaa esineiden internetiä (Light-based IoT, LIoT), jossa hyödynnetään sisätilojen valaistusta energian keräämisen ja optisen langattoman viestinnän (OWC) yhdistettynä välineenä kestävää akutonta toimintaa varten.
LIoT-järjestelmässä LED-valaisimia käytetään liityntäpisteinä, jotka samalla valaisevat ja tukevat OWC-viestintää. Ehdotetussa solmussa yhdistyvät aurinkosähköön (PV) perustuva energian kerääminen, kestävät materiaalit ja ajoittainen toiminta, millä saadaan aikaan nollaenergialla toimivat IoT-toiminnot (ZE-IoT). Viestintä tapahtuu näkyvän valon ja infrapunayhteyksien avulla. Konseptin toimivuutta osoittavalla (proof-of-concept, PoC) prototyypillä voidaan osoittaa energian suhteen itsenäinen toiminta tyypillisissä sisäolosuhteissa.
Havaitsemisen ja viestinnän lisäksi samaa LIoT-laitteistoa voidaan käyttää paikantamiseen sisätiloissa. Optisista ilmaisimista ja aurinkosähkön keräimistä johdetut ominaisuudet arvioivat Zen-paikkatietokontekstin, jolloin erillistä paikannusinfrastruktuuria ei tarvita. Koneoppimisavusteisen PoC-järjestelmän tuloksissa näkyy 80 %:n paikannustarkkuus 12,5 cm:n marginaalilla sekä 68 %:n suuntaluokitustarkkuus.
Sisätilojen epäyhtenäisen valaistuksen käsittelemiseksi LIoT-kehyksessä esitellään data-energiaverkot (DE-LIoT). Tässä lähestymistavassa paljon energiaa sisältävät solmut toimivat yhdessä tietoverkon kanssa ja jakavat ajoittain ylijäämäenergiaa läheisten rajoitettujen solmujen kanssa optisen langattoman tehonsiirron (OWPT) avulla. Näin muodostuu yhteistoiminnallinen data-energiaverkko. PoC-vaiheen DE-LIoT-järjestelmällä tehty arviointi osoittaa, että kohdesolmun valaisu lisääntyy 50 % ja akuton toiminta-aika pitenee 8 tunnista yli 40 tuntiin.
Tämä tutkimus validoi LIoT-konseptin PoC-toteutusten avulla ja luo puitteet kestävälle, akuttomalle IoT:lle sisätiloissa