OuluREPO University of Oulu repository
Not a member yet
54977 research outputs found
Sort by
Challenges in primary biopsies of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a comparative study of factors affecting biopsy success in Finnish patients
No full textAbstract
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the success of biopsy quality in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of the oral cavity.
Method and materials:
This retrospective study included patient records of primary OSCC patients, diagnostic pathology reports of the primary biopsies, and corresponding resection tumor sections. The outcome variable was unsuccessful biopsy, defined as an inconclusive biopsy specimen for proper OSCC diagnosis. The primary predictor variable was the biopsy method used, grouped as punch or scalpel biopsy. Secondary predictor variables were sample area, depth, site, and number of samples. Patient- and tumor-related variables, background of the health care professional, and the health care unit were analyzed as additional predictor variables.
Results:
Data from 312 OSCC patients were included in the study. Primary biopsy was inconclusive in 7.7% of the cases. Areas with punch biopsies yielded smaller (P .001) but diagnostically as accurate samples as scalpel biopsies. Biopsies from the floor of the mouth and gingiva had higher failure rates, while tongue and palate biopsies had higher success rates (P = .037). Punch and scalpel biopsies had similar diagnostic reliability. There were deficiencies in the documentation of prognostic features of the OSCC. Inflammation was the most consistently reported (33.3% in biopsies, 43.9% in resection samples), while tumor budding was documented in only one-third of biopsy samples (6.4%) compared to final resection samples (18.6%). Depth of invasion was reported in 55.1% of biopsies, with 6.1% indicating a minimum invasion depth.
Conclusion:
General dental practitioners must be both alert and properly trained to perform biopsies. However, considering the internationally varying role of general dental practitioners in biopsy procedures, this requirement must be understood within the context of each country’s health care system. OSCC biopsies generally yield high diagnostic success; however, small biopsy size especially impairs diagnostic accuracy. Ensuring larger or several biopsy samples in general and ensuring representative biopsies from particularly challenging areas, such as the gingiva and floor of the mouth, improves the likelihood of conclusive diagnosis in primary OSCC diagnostics. Additionally, clinicians should pay more attention not only to the area but also to biopsy depth. Taken together, there may be a need for more precise biopsy guidelines and protocols for lesions suspicious for OSCC to optimize patient treatment planning.Abstract
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the success of biopsy quality in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of the oral cavity.
Method and materials:
This retrospective study included patient records of primary OSCC patients, diagnostic pathology reports of the primary biopsies, and corresponding resection tumor sections. The outcome variable was unsuccessful biopsy, defined as an inconclusive biopsy specimen for proper OSCC diagnosis. The primary predictor variable was the biopsy method used, grouped as punch or scalpel biopsy. Secondary predictor variables were sample area, depth, site, and number of samples. Patient- and tumor-related variables, background of the health care professional, and the health care unit were analyzed as additional predictor variables.
Results:
Data from 312 OSCC patients were included in the study. Primary biopsy was inconclusive in 7.7% of the cases. Areas with punch biopsies yielded smaller (P .001) but diagnostically as accurate samples as scalpel biopsies. Biopsies from the floor of the mouth and gingiva had higher failure rates, while tongue and palate biopsies had higher success rates (P = .037). Punch and scalpel biopsies had similar diagnostic reliability. There were deficiencies in the documentation of prognostic features of the OSCC. Inflammation was the most consistently reported (33.3% in biopsies, 43.9% in resection samples), while tumor budding was documented in only one-third of biopsy samples (6.4%) compared to final resection samples (18.6%). Depth of invasion was reported in 55.1% of biopsies, with 6.1% indicating a minimum invasion depth.
Conclusion:
General dental practitioners must be both alert and properly trained to perform biopsies. However, considering the internationally varying role of general dental practitioners in biopsy procedures, this requirement must be understood within the context of each country’s health care system. OSCC biopsies generally yield high diagnostic success; however, small biopsy size especially impairs diagnostic accuracy. Ensuring larger or several biopsy samples in general and ensuring representative biopsies from particularly challenging areas, such as the gingiva and floor of the mouth, improves the likelihood of conclusive diagnosis in primary OSCC diagnostics. Additionally, clinicians should pay more attention not only to the area but also to biopsy depth. Taken together, there may be a need for more precise biopsy guidelines and protocols for lesions suspicious for OSCC to optimize patient treatment planning
A Mathematical Model for Metal–Slag Reactions in the Electric Arc Furnace in Stainless Steelmaking
No full textAbstract
The electric arc furnace process is the main melting process in scrap- and DRI-based steelmaking. The metal–slag reactions during the flat bath stage play an important role in metal yield and removal of impurities. This paper presents a new reaction module for modeling mass transfer constrained metal–slag reactions during the flat bath stage based on modification of the effective equilibrium constant method. The model accounts for the main oxidation/reduction reactions involving multiple oxidation states of slag species, the removal of S and P to slag, and the resulting temperature evolution of the metal and slag phases. The method is shown to converge to an equilibrium dictated by the equilibrium constants. The model is validated using data from laboratory-scale experiments for three cases: reduction of FeO by Si, reduction of MnO by Si, and metal–slag reactions during powder injection into hot metal. The results indicate that the model accurately reproduces the transient evolution of the metal and slag composition in all three cases. Finally, the model is validated with data from a 150 metric ton EAF for stainless steelmaking.Abstract
The electric arc furnace process is the main melting process in scrap- and DRI-based steelmaking. The metal–slag reactions during the flat bath stage play an important role in metal yield and removal of impurities. This paper presents a new reaction module for modeling mass transfer constrained metal–slag reactions during the flat bath stage based on modification of the effective equilibrium constant method. The model accounts for the main oxidation/reduction reactions involving multiple oxidation states of slag species, the removal of S and P to slag, and the resulting temperature evolution of the metal and slag phases. The method is shown to converge to an equilibrium dictated by the equilibrium constants. The model is validated using data from laboratory-scale experiments for three cases: reduction of FeO by Si, reduction of MnO by Si, and metal–slag reactions during powder injection into hot metal. The results indicate that the model accurately reproduces the transient evolution of the metal and slag composition in all three cases. Finally, the model is validated with data from a 150 metric ton EAF for stainless steelmaking
Oulun ja Vaasan piirilääkärit syytetyn mielentilan tutkinnassa Pohjanmaalla 1700- ja 1800-luvun vaihteessa
No full textAbstrakti
1700-luvulle asti rikoksesta syytettyjen mielentilaa olivat perinteisesti arvioineet papit, joiden vastuulle sielun ja mielen asioiden katsottiin kuuluvan. 1700- ja 1800-luvun vaihteessa haettiin uudelleen näiden lausuntojen vastuiden ja oikeuksien rajoja samalla, kun käsitykset mielenhäiriöiden aiheuttajista muuttuivat ja siirtyivät yhä enemmän uskonnollisista selityksistä lääketieteellisiin ja sosiaalisiin tekijöihin. Vuosisadan vaihteessa toimineiden kahden piirilääkärin suisidaalimurhiin liittyvät mielentilalausunnot kertovat siirtymävaiheesta, jossa mielentilalausuntojen laadinnassa kuultiin vielä usein sekä pappeja että lääkäreitä.Abstract
Provincial Doctors of Oulu and Vaasa in Assessing the Mental State of the Accused in Ostrobothnia at the Turn of the 18th and 19th Centuries
The article examines the role of two provincial physicians in Finland in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in determining the mental state of the perpetrators of so-called suicidal murders. In these crimes, the perpetrator killed an innocent bystander to seek the death penalty. The late 18th century marked a period of transition in forensic responsibilities, as evidenced by the gradual shift of authority in determining the mental state of criminals from priests to physicians. At that time, as can be seen in the suicidal murder cases investigated by Christian Herman Carger and Herman Rudolf Hast, both priests and physicians were considered experts on the subject, and both were often consulted by the court. This development reflects the growing role of medicine as an authority on mental illness and an increase in secular and medical explanations for mental illness rather than religious ones. The growing responsibility of physicians in forensic testimony was also consistent with their overall professional development and building status as a profession. By the turn of the century, courts increasingly relied on the expertise of physicians, laying the foundation for modern forensic psychiatry.Abstrakti
1700-luvulle asti rikoksesta syytettyjen mielentilaa olivat perinteisesti arvioineet papit, joiden vastuulle sielun ja mielen asioiden katsottiin kuuluvan. 1700- ja 1800-luvun vaihteessa haettiin uudelleen näiden lausuntojen vastuiden ja oikeuksien rajoja samalla, kun käsitykset mielenhäiriöiden aiheuttajista muuttuivat ja siirtyivät yhä enemmän uskonnollisista selityksistä lääketieteellisiin ja sosiaalisiin tekijöihin. Vuosisadan vaihteessa toimineiden kahden piirilääkärin suisidaalimurhiin liittyvät mielentilalausunnot kertovat siirtymävaiheesta, jossa mielentilalausuntojen laadinnassa kuultiin vielä usein sekä pappeja että lääkäreitä.Abstract
Provincial Doctors of Oulu and Vaasa in Assessing the Mental State of the Accused in Ostrobothnia at the Turn of the 18th and 19th Centuries
The article examines the role of two provincial physicians in Finland in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in determining the mental state of the perpetrators of so-called suicidal murders. In these crimes, the perpetrator killed an innocent bystander to seek the death penalty. The late 18th century marked a period of transition in forensic responsibilities, as evidenced by the gradual shift of authority in determining the mental state of criminals from priests to physicians. At that time, as can be seen in the suicidal murder cases investigated by Christian Herman Carger and Herman Rudolf Hast, both priests and physicians were considered experts on the subject, and both were often consulted by the court. This development reflects the growing role of medicine as an authority on mental illness and an increase in secular and medical explanations for mental illness rather than religious ones. The growing responsibility of physicians in forensic testimony was also consistent with their overall professional development and building status as a profession. By the turn of the century, courts increasingly relied on the expertise of physicians, laying the foundation for modern forensic psychiatry
From X to Z: Engaging Different Generations of Customers in Refurbishing Business Models in Electronics
No full textAbstract
The electronic waste (E-waste) crisis is escalating, with an annual global production exceeding 50 million tons; transitioning to a circular economy (CE) model offers a potential solution, emphasizing resource efficiency through recycling, reuse, repair, refurbishing, and remanufacturing. However, a critical knowledge gap exists regarding customer engagement in circular business models, especially those underpinned by refurbishment. This study addresses part of the gap by exploring how companies could engage customers from different generations (Z, Y, and X) in their circular business models by understanding the differences in the customers’ perceived value. Employing qualitative methods, including 52 in-depth semi-structured interviews, the findings show that Gen Z sees refurbished tech as an affordable option for diverse needs requiring a more cognitive engagement strategy. Gen Y opts for transparency and clear communication, allowing the company to engage them through an affective engagement strategy. Being more financially stable, Gen X values device longevity and after-sales service, which relies more on a behavioral engagement strategy.Abstract
The electronic waste (E-waste) crisis is escalating, with an annual global production exceeding 50 million tons; transitioning to a circular economy (CE) model offers a potential solution, emphasizing resource efficiency through recycling, reuse, repair, refurbishing, and remanufacturing. However, a critical knowledge gap exists regarding customer engagement in circular business models, especially those underpinned by refurbishment. This study addresses part of the gap by exploring how companies could engage customers from different generations (Z, Y, and X) in their circular business models by understanding the differences in the customers’ perceived value. Employing qualitative methods, including 52 in-depth semi-structured interviews, the findings show that Gen Z sees refurbished tech as an affordable option for diverse needs requiring a more cognitive engagement strategy. Gen Y opts for transparency and clear communication, allowing the company to engage them through an affective engagement strategy. Being more financially stable, Gen X values device longevity and after-sales service, which relies more on a behavioral engagement strategy
Improving the quality and informativeness of financial statements in limited liability farm companies
No full textA case study on the causal of electric two-wheelers traffic accidents in Yangzhou, China
No full textAbstract
In recent years, electric two-wheelers are a very popular means of transportation in China and are loved by the people. And, because driving electric two-wheelers does not require a driver's license or insurance, electric two-wheelers have become the preferred mode of transportation for the people in China. However, while electric two-wheelers bring convenience to people, they also bring hidden dangers to traffic safety. Nearly 200,000 traffic accidents occur in China every year, of which electric two-wheelers account for 60%. In addition, the trend of traffic accidents is increasing year by year, which is seriously threatening the safety of people's lives and property. It is urgent to prevent the traffic accidents of electric two-wheelers and maintain the personal safety of citizens. Therefore, this study aims to determine which factors contribute to traffic accidents of electric two-wheelers and to explore the importance of their influence on traffic accidents. The sample data for this study will be collected from the people of Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China by distributing questionnaires. The data from the completed questionnaires will also be analyzed using SPSS analysis tool.Abstract
In recent years, electric two-wheelers are a very popular means of transportation in China and are loved by the people. And, because driving electric two-wheelers does not require a driver's license or insurance, electric two-wheelers have become the preferred mode of transportation for the people in China. However, while electric two-wheelers bring convenience to people, they also bring hidden dangers to traffic safety. Nearly 200,000 traffic accidents occur in China every year, of which electric two-wheelers account for 60%. In addition, the trend of traffic accidents is increasing year by year, which is seriously threatening the safety of people's lives and property. It is urgent to prevent the traffic accidents of electric two-wheelers and maintain the personal safety of citizens. Therefore, this study aims to determine which factors contribute to traffic accidents of electric two-wheelers and to explore the importance of their influence on traffic accidents. The sample data for this study will be collected from the people of Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China by distributing questionnaires. The data from the completed questionnaires will also be analyzed using SPSS analysis tool
Initial Experiences with Longitudinal Self-Tracking of Sleep and Low Back Pain
No full textAbstract
Low Back Pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability globally, making it a serious public health concern. In this paper we present the initial results and analysis of a longitudinal self-tracking study on sleep and LBP using a custom built mobile application. We designed and deployed a mobile app for a period of 7 months to collect daily and monthly sleep and low back pain data using custom and standardized questionnaires. We discuss the feasibility of our approach for longitudinal data collection. Our data analysis reveals heterogeneity in user perceptions of factors that affect their sleep and LBP. Combining our quantitative and qualitative analyses, we contribute to literature on sleep and LBP.Abstract
Low Back Pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability globally, making it a serious public health concern. In this paper we present the initial results and analysis of a longitudinal self-tracking study on sleep and LBP using a custom built mobile application. We designed and deployed a mobile app for a period of 7 months to collect daily and monthly sleep and low back pain data using custom and standardized questionnaires. We discuss the feasibility of our approach for longitudinal data collection. Our data analysis reveals heterogeneity in user perceptions of factors that affect their sleep and LBP. Combining our quantitative and qualitative analyses, we contribute to literature on sleep and LBP
Luksusmuotibrändien erilaistumisstrategiat Instagramissa : visuaalisen identiteetin rooli brändin positioinnissa
No full text
Leveraging simulations in higher education to transform learning and professional practice
No full textAbstract
Despite the growing popularity and educational potential of simulation-based learning, a notable research gap exists in understanding the role of theoretical frameworks and research-based analytical models in facilitating learning through simulation in the context of work. This gap is critical as the complexity of organizational systems increases, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of how in situ simulation can drive individual, collective and interdisciplinary learning. To address this gap, this symposium presents studies on in situ simulation in higher education settings, focusing on sociocultural studies that support practice change, collective learning and the development of the simulation participants' transformative agency. Understanding the simulation participants as active transformative agents or world-makers of the future is essential for developing effective in situ simulation interventions that can enhance high-quality education and promote students’ learning.Abstract
Despite the growing popularity and educational potential of simulation-based learning, a notable research gap exists in understanding the role of theoretical frameworks and research-based analytical models in facilitating learning through simulation in the context of work. This gap is critical as the complexity of organizational systems increases, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of how in situ simulation can drive individual, collective and interdisciplinary learning. To address this gap, this symposium presents studies on in situ simulation in higher education settings, focusing on sociocultural studies that support practice change, collective learning and the development of the simulation participants' transformative agency. Understanding the simulation participants as active transformative agents or world-makers of the future is essential for developing effective in situ simulation interventions that can enhance high-quality education and promote students’ learning