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UTILIZING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR PLANT SPECIES IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION IN BOTANICAL RESEARCH
Get PDFThe rapid growth of the artificial intelligence (AI) has mainly had revolutionized many fields, including the botanical research. The article mentions AI as an important tool in finding and labeling plant species, which is a major aspect in botanical studies, conservation and agricultural cultivation. With the implementation of machine learning algorithms in plant image recognition it is now possible to automated and improve user accuracy regarding what is known as the plant species recognition problem that was once implemented by botanists. The paper outlines the various AI methods of plant species recognition neural networks (CNNs) and other AI models, their applications, pros and cons. The outcome of the new study articulates the excellence of the AI-related systems compared to the traditional ones which are concerned with prompt and sounder identifications. But there is limited data, voluminous amount of data is needed to train the models and finally there is generalization of the model which are grave issues. The paper presents the potentiality of AI in the future in botanical studies and conservation and how it is likely to be utilized in the future, when it is integrated with other systems like remote sensing
Development of a 3-Hydroxyflavone-Loaded Gelatin–Acacia Hydrogel as a Bioactive Scaffold for Corneal Tissue Regeneration
Get PDFCorneal injuries and degenerative disorders often result in impaired vision due to limited self-regenerative capacity and oxidative stress-induced cellular damage. The present study aimed to develop and characterize a 3-hydroxyflavone (3-HF)-loaded gelatin–acacia hydrogel as a potential bioactive scaffold for corneal tissue repair. Hydrogels were prepared by dispersing gelatin and acacia in deionized water, followed by incorporation of 3-HF (50 μg/mL) dissolved in minimal DMSO. The pH was adjusted to 6.8 to induce gelation, and formulations were stabilized for 24 hours at room temperature. The physicochemical characterization included visual assessment, pH determination, viscosity analysis, syneresis evaluation, spreadability, occlusion, and in vitro drug release studies. Compatibility between 3-HF and excipients was confirmed through FTIR analysis, indicating no chemical interactions. FESEM micrographs revealed a uniform, porous surface morphology conducive to nutrient diffusion and cell adherence. The hydrogel exhibited optimal viscosity, pH (close to physiological), and controlled drug release over six hours, ensuring sustained therapeutic delivery. Overall, the 3-HF-loaded gelatin–acacia hydrogel displayed desirable physicochemical and biological properties, suggesting its strong potential as a biocompatible and sustained-release formulation for promoting corneal wound healing and epithelial regeneration
Analyzing Genetic Variability and Heritability of Yield Related Traits in Papaya (Carica papaya L.) via Line Tester Method
Get PDFThis study evaluates the genetic variability, heritability, and correlation among 41 diverse papaya genotypes across 15 traits to identify potential avenues for crop enhancement. Significant variation was observed in traits such as plant height (ranging from 90.97 cm to 177.33 cm), flowering initiation (196.67 to 228 days), and flowering duration (210.27 to 235.33 days). High heritability values were noted for plant height at flowering (98.39%), fruit yield per plant (98.22%), and fruit length (95.26%), indicating these traits are predominantly influenced by genetic factors and are suitable targets for breeding programs. Genetic advance calculations showed substantial potential for improvement in traits like plant height at flowering (70.68%) and fruit yield per plant (62.69%). Correlation analyses revealed significant positive associations between fruit yield per plant and traits such as fruits per plant (0.8406) and plant height (0.612). These findings underscore the potential for effective selection and hybrid breeding programs to enhance papaya yield and quality. Negative significant effects were observed in certain crosses, suggesting the complexity of heterosis effects and the importance of selecting compatible parental lines. Overall, this research highlights the rich genetic variability in papaya and provides valuable insights for breeding programs aimed at improving crop yield and quality
Potential of Okra as a hyperaccumulator plant under cadmium exposure
Get PDFCadmium (Cd) is a non-essential element and one of the most toxic heavy metals due to its high toxicity for all living organisms. It is easily taken in by plants owing to its high bioavailability, enters the food chain and threatens people's health. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) was examined for phytoremediation purposes with the focus on accumulation of Cd and physiological mechanisms of Cd tolerance. Pot experiment for 60days was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of Cd (0, 5, 25, 50, 100 and 250 mg kg-1 Cd in soil) on okra plant through different physiological and biochemical parameters: plant dry matter content, leaf pigment content, leaf soluble protein, proline activity, antioxidant enzyme of peroxidase (POD) and Cd content. Exposure to Cd enhanced plant growth at 50 mg kg-1 without showing symptoms of visible damage and when the Cd concentrations increased to 100 and 250 mg kg-1, the okra biomass were reduced through increasing Cd-stress. The activity of POD was significantly enhanced with increase in Cd concentration. The Cd accumulation in the shoots (stems and leaves) of okra was lower than that in roots and the Cd content in the shoots increased with increasing Cd concentration. The fruit Cd content decreased with increasing Cd treatment which indicated limited ability of transferring Cd from root to fruit. This study suggests that okra has some remediation ability against heavy metal polluted contaminated soil and has potential to decontaminate Cd-polluted soil
Wounded Soil, Wounded Souls: Environmental and Emotional Aftermath in Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner
Get PDFIn this paper, we provide an ecocritical analysis of Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner, and examine the combined effects of war, displacement, and environmental degradation in the post-9/11 context. While scholars approach the novel in the context of trauma and redemption, we have analysed its environmental dimension. The novel, set within the landscape of a war-ravaged Afghanistan, illustrates the shift from fertile ground to desolate ruin, where nature absorbs the scars of geopolitical violence. Amir’s return to a ruined Kabul reveals how ecological damage parallels emotional collapse. The imagery used in the novel —burnt pomegranate trees, streets covered in dust, and withered gardens—serves as a form of environmental memory that preserves the pain of both land and self. We also investigate exile as a form of ecological separation, where figures like Baba and Sohrab lose connection to the environments that once sustained them. Through this study, we uncover the environmental costs of war and displacement. Hosseini’s novel constructs a vision of trauma that links human suffering to ecological ruin, and offers a narrative framework that confronts the lasting consequences of global conflict
Growth Dynamics of Rice: Effects of Sustainable Farming Practices on Plant Height and Plant Density under Sodic Soil Conditions
Get PDFThis study investigated the effects of sustainable farming practices and cropping systems on the growth dynamics of rice, with a focus on plant height and density under sodic soil conditions in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. The experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2023--24 and 2024--25) at Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Ayodhya, India, following a split-split plot design with three replications. The treatments included four farming practices: 1. Biochar-based ecological farming (BBEF), 2. Climate-Resilient Organic Farming (CROF), 3. Low-Input Natural Farming (LINF), and 4. Conventional farming (CF), three cropping systems; (1. Rice–Wheat–Mungbean, 2. Rice–Mustard–Sesbania, and 3. Rice–Barley–Mentha), and two rice varieties (1. DRR Dhan-50, and 2. Kalanamak). The results indicated that farming practices significantly influenced plant height at critical stages. The greatest plant height was consistently recorded under the CF × Kalanamak treatment, which was up to 44% taller at harvest than the LINF × DRR Dhan-50 treatment. BBEF and CROF with Kalanamak exhibited competitive growth, attaining heights within 10–13% of the CF, highlighting the potential of sustainable systems to increase vegetative growth. The plant density remained statistically uniform across the treatments and stages, suggesting that establishment is governed more by sowing practices than by postsowing management. The findings underline that while conventional farming maximizes early growth in sodic soils, sustainable practices supplemented with organic amendments and resilient varieties can offer comparable establishment without compromising ecological sustainability. These insights advocate for integrative soil management approaches in sodic environments and emphasize the need for long-term assessments of yield, soil health, and resilience.
 
Assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding Human Milk Banking in terms of knowledge among BSc nursing students
Get PDFBackground: Breastfeeding is the most effective way to feed infants since it is particularly tailored to the infant's needs. In Vienna, Austria, the first human milk bank was created in 1909. In 1989, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Hospital established Asia's inaugural human milk bank. The "National guidelines on Lactation Management Centres in Public Health facilities" which were published in 2017, include guidelines for setting up Comprehensive Lactation Management Centres (CLMCs) for the purpose of collecting, storing, processing, and dispensing donor human milk for infants admitted to public health facilities as well as offering lactation support to mothers at all delivery points. Nursing students play a crucial role in addressing the complex needs of individuals with structured teaching program on human milk banking.\Methodology: A quasi- experimental one group pretest posttest design was employed for the sample was selected using a convenience sampling technique. The intervention consisted of structured teaching program on human milk banking. The analysis of the data was conducted using both descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS version 20.Result: The study included 80 BSc Nursing students. Pre-intervention knowledge scores ranged from 3 to 19, with a mean score of 11.5 ± 3.2. Following the structured teaching program, post-test scores ranged from 9 to 20, with a significantly higher mean of 16.7 ± 2.4. The mean difference of -5.1 was statistically significant (t = -11, p < 0.01), indicating substantial improvement in knowledge. Among demographic variables, only religion showed a statistically significant association with pre-test knowledge levels (p = 0.01); other variables such as age, gender, and prior exposure to human milk banking showed no significant influence.Conclusion: Structured teaching program was effective in enhancing the competency knowledge on human milk banking of nursing students. As the study findings showed that the mean posttest scores of nursing students were higher rather than pre test.Recommendations: A similar study can be conducted with large sample size in different settings should be conducted to determine the effect of structured teaching program on human milk banking on students competency
Cephalometrics for Orthognathic Surgery: Insights from Literature Review
Get PDFThis literature review examines the role of cephalometric evaluation in orthognathic surgery, highlighting its significance in diagnosis, treatment planning, and postoperative assessment. By analyzing various studies, the review highlights key cephalometric parameters and their applications in predicting surgical outcomes, improving facial aesthetics, and ensuring functional balance. The findings underscore the value of cephalometric analysis as a critical tool for enhancing surgical precision and patient-specific treatment approaches in orthognathic procedures
Neurotoxicity as a major problem in childhood hematology
Get PDFThe study examined the frequency of neurological complications in children with acute leukemia caused by chemotherapy. Among the patients, the majority had neurological manifestations related to the treatment. The most common complication was vincristine-induced polyneuropathy. Leukencephalopathy associated with methotrexate was also frequently observed, manifesting as seizures and stroke-like symptoms. These complications most often occurred at certain stages of treatment, which underscores the need for careful monitoring and adjustment of therapy to minimize negative outcomes
Analysis of Carbohydrates, Proteins, And Free Amino Acid Content In Pollen Of Some Crop Plants o f the Family Poaceae.
Get PDFThe present paper deals with the analysis of carbohydrates, protein, and free amino acid contents in pollen of somegenera of the family Poaceae. The plants under investigation were Pennisetum glaucum Oryza sativa , Sorghumbicolor , Zea mays , and Triticum species. The biochemical analysis of some crop plants was performed by standardmethods. Detection of carbohydrates was done by the Benedict test, Fehling’s test. and estimation of protein was doneby the Bur ette test, xanthoproteic tests.Amino acids were separated and identified by the thin layer chromatographicmethod. Among all the species, the highest number of carbohydrates was found in Oryza sativa . The highest numberof proteinswas found in Pennisetum g laucum , while the highest number of amino acids was found in Sorghum bicolor(15), followed by Triticum species(14), Zea mays (11), Pennisetum glaucum (11) and Oryza sativa (10). Thus, thisinvestigation indicates that carbohydrates, proteins and essential free amino acids were present in all examined taxa ofthe family Poaceae. It shows that it has nutritional value