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Phytosomes as a Possible Nano-Delivery System for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability and Hepatoprotective Activity of Indigofera barberi
Get PDFIndigofera barberi Gamble, a Fabaceae plant, has traditionally been used to treat skin, renal, and liver problems. Documented phytochemicals include glycosides, steroids, tannins, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. Its low bioavailability and solubility hinder GI absorption. This study sought to improve Indigofera barberi extract bioavailability by making the ethanolic extract more soluble and absorbable. We optimized Indigofera barberi-loaded phytosomes utilizing solvent evaporation. This study developed IBPCs-NPs, a novel phytosome-nanosuspensions for IB shielding, to improve IB bioavailability and hepatoprotection. In in vivo pharmacokinetic studies, the IBPCs-NP formulation had higher plasma concentration and in vitro dissolution rate. IBPCs-NPs also demonstrated stronger hepatoprotective effects in pharmacodynamic studies. Crystalline variation and IB-phospholipid interactions are also physicochemical features of optimized IBPCs-NPs. The synthesised IB phytosomes were cylindrical, smooth-surfaced, and distinct, with a diameter of 332.52 ± 1.54 nm. According to dissolving trials, the enhanced IB phytosomal formulation released silymarin faster and in greater proportions than pure silymarin, with better water solubility (~360 µg/mL). The optimized silymarin phytosomal formulation normalized antioxidant enzymes and helped CCl4-intoxicated cells. In in vivo experiments, it protected the liver from CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The optimized phytosomal formulation enhanced oral silymarin bioavailability compared to pure silymarin. This was shown by six-fold systemic bioavailability. Whole phytosomes may increase water-insoluble phyto-constituent oral bioavailability as phospholipid-based nanocarriers
Comparative evaluation of stress distribution between clear aligners and fixed appliance with and without mini-implant placement during intrusion of maxillary anterior teeth- A 3- dimensional finite element analysis
Get PDFAim – The present study is a FEM study assessing the amount of stress on periodontal ligament of tooth (von misses stress) during intrusion of maxillary anterior teeth for correction of gummy smile using clear aligners and conventional brackets with and without the use of mini-implants.
Materials and methods – Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) scan which were obtained from DENTSPLY Sirona Ortophos SL 80kv 9500 cone beam 3D Extra oral imaging system with are construction volume of 50x37 mm and are constructed matrix voxel of 0.2x0.2x0.2 um. The equipment had CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) sensor technology. The field of view was 11 x 10 mm, exposure parameters for the patients varied from 70k V8mA with a scan time of 14 seconds. All the teeth were assessed by the 3D volume tricimage and 1 mm tomographic sections in sagittal, axial and coronal planes.
Result – The least amount of stress on PDL of tooth (von misses stress) during intrusion of maxillary anterior teeth was seen conventional appliance and mini-screws and the maximum amount of stress on PDL (von misses stress) of tooth was seen along with conventional brackets with burstone intrusion arch.
Conclusion – Gummy smile correction using clear aligners and e-chain is the best treatment modality among all four models in planning maxillary anterior intrusion.  
MutationsBreedinginRabiSorghum[Sorghumbicolor(L.)Moench] forcreationof Genetic Variability and Association Studies onMorpho-Physiological Traits in InducedMutants.
Get PDFSorghum(Sorghumspp.) isagloballysignificantcereal,yet itsproductivityinIndia,particularlyforrabisorghum, isconstrainedbylowandhighlyvariableyields,primarilyduetopost-floweringdroughtstress[1] [2]. This comprehensive investigationwas undertaken to generate and assess desirable geneticvariability intherabi sorghumgenotypeTSG-98(Muguthi) through inducedmutagenesisusingelectronbeamirradiation.Pureselfedseedsweretreatedwithfivedosesof10MeVelectronbeam(100Gy,200Gy,300Gy,400Gy,and500Gy)andsubsequentlyevaluatedacrosstheM1andM2generations.Thestudyfocused on threemain areas:mutagenic sensitivity inM1, the frequency and spectrumof inducedmutations inM2, andtheextent of geneticvariability, heritability, correlation, andpathanalysis forfourteencriticalyieldandyield-contributingcharacters.ResultsfromtheM1generationdemonstratedacleardose-dependentreductioninseedgerminationandplantsurvival,acommonindicatorofmutagenicsensitivity[3] [4].Thelethaldosefor50%germination(LD50)waspreciselyestimatedat258.5Gy,suggestingthatthedoserangebetween200Gyand300Gyisoptimal formaximizingmutationfrequencywhilemaintainingamanageablesurvival rateforsubsequentgenerationstudies. IntheM2generation,thefrequencyofchlorophyllmutations increasedlinearlywiththedose,peakingat3.461%at500Gy.Thespectrumof chlorophyllmutants includedalbina, xantha,viridis,xanthaviridis,andchlorina,withchlorinabeingthemostprevalent type.Analysisofmutageniceffectivenessandefficiency indicatedthat lowerdoses (100Gyand200Gy)weresuperior, yieldingahigherproportionofmutationsrelativetoundesirableeffectslikepollensterility[5].Awideandvaluablespectrumofviablemutationswas isolated, includingsemi-dwarf,ultra-dwarf,earlymaturing (103days),boldseeded(4.5-4.9g100-seedweight),and largeearheadtypes,all possessingsignificantpotential for crop improvement.Analysisof varianceconfirmedthesuccessful inductionofhighlysignificantgeneticvariabilityforall fourteenquantitativecharactersstudied.Highgenotypicandphenotypiccoefficientsof variation (GCVandPCV)wereobservedfor traits suchas Fodder yieldperplant,Flag leafarea,andLeafarea, indicatingastronggeneticbasis for thesetraits.Crucially,Grainyieldperplant,Primariesperpanicle,Fodderyield,andFlagleafareaexhibitedhighheritabilitycoupledwithhighgeneticadvanceasapercentageofmean(GAM), confirming thatdirect selectionfor thesetraitswouldbehighlyeffective[6].Correlationstudiesrevealedapositiveandsignificantgenotypicandphenotypicassociationofgrainyieldperplantwithdaysto50%flowering,daystomaturity,primariesperpanicle,paniclelength,fodderyieldperplant, flag leafarea,and leafarea.Pathcoefficientanalysis furtherdissectedtheseassociations,identifyingDaysto50%flowering,Primariesperpanicle,Grainsperprimary,Paniclelength,Fodderyield,Relativewatercontent(RWC),andChlorophyllcontent(SPAD)ashavingadirectpositiveeffectongrainyieldperplant.Thesefindingsprovidearobustframeworkforselectingsuperiormutantlines.Thestudysuccessfullygeneratedandcharacterizedadiversepoolofgeneticresources,whichcanbeimmediatelyutilized intargetedsorghumbreedingprograms todevelophigh-yielding,drought-resilientcultivars fortherabiseaso
RADIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF THIRD MOLAR AGENESIS PATTERNS IN YOUNG ADULTS- A DIGITAL PANORAMIC STUDY
Get PDFThird molars are the teeth that are frequently congenitally absent, which may be related to evolutionary changes altering the size of the jaw and teeth. Orthopantomogram (OPG) is a radiographic modality that is routinely employed in dental practice to detect pathologies of both the dentition and jawbones. The aim of the study was radiographic assessment of 400 third molars for agenesis in young adults of age 12-20 years with orthopantomogram. This retrospective study was performed on 400 archived digital panoramic radiographs retrieved from the department of Oral medicine and radiology for the comparative evaluation of third molars agenesis between the genders, maxillary and mandibular arches and between the right and left sides. A total of 400 panoramic radiographs were included in the study, in which 79 exhibited agenesis of third molars in males while 65 showed agenesis in females. Maxillary third molar (128) showed a higher prevalence of agenesis than mandibular third molars (77), while right quadrant showed 128 and left quadrant show 126 third molar agenesis. It was concluded that isolated third molar agenesis is part of a developmental mechanism resulting also in craniofacial size reduction. This might be the effect of an evolutionary process observed in humans
“KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE REGARDING SAFETY STANDARDS OF ORALRADIOLOGY AMONG DENTAL PRACTITIONERS IN DENTAL COLLEGE, BIHAR”CORRESPONDING AUTHOR - DR BINU SINGH
Get PDFIn Dentistry, radiographic evaluation is required but professional negligence or ignorancecanleadtoradiation hazards so the knowledge regarding safety standards among Dentists is necessary. Theaimofthe study was to investigate the knowledge and behavior of Dental practitioner regardingsafetyduringoral radiographic procedures. It was a survey based study enrolled 100 dentists. A13semi -structured,validated questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and practice related to safety standardsinOralRadiology. The study revealed that amongst 100 Practitioners; 48 had > 5 years experiences, 86hadone machine, 61 had less than 5 years old machine. 97 used RVG, 73 took less than 10radiographsperday, 65 didn’t hold the X-Ray film with their fingers, 59 didn’t use lead apron and49stoodnearpatient without wearing lead apron, 54 did periodic check-up only when needed, 50 hadtorepeat,54didn’t know safe distance, 75 didn’t know the exposure time and 52 took radiographsofpregnantwomen. The study conclude that the periodic training and regular monitoring should bemandatorytoimprove knowledge about radiation and dose reduction technique
The Pivotal Role of Mindfulness in Reducing the Stress of Teachers: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Get PDFTeacher stress is a growing concern in this technologically developed world as it negatively affects
both professional performance and overall well-being. In this regard, Mindfulness-based
interventions showed a greater impact in enhancing emotional regulation and reducing stress. This
article aims at ‘the pivotal role of mindfulness in reducing stress’ by evaluating how a structured
mindfulness program can reduce perceived stress levels among schoolteachers and increase their
professional quality. The method used here is a quasi-experimental design in which both pre-test
and post-test are done only on the experimental group to understand its impacts by observing the
changes that occur in the participants (n=115) after the intervention program. The participants in
the experimental group underwent a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program for
eight weeks. The questionnaires DASS-21 and FFMQ-15 are used as tools to collect data, and
these data are analysed through the software program JASP 0.19.3. to obtain the results. The results
showed that stress decreased by 73.9% (6.21 → 1.62), with a very high t-value (t = 13.078, p <
0.001), and mindfulness increased by 29.8% (47.84 → 62.11), with t = 22.556, p < 0.001.
Moreover, the extremely large effect sizes (Cohen’s d ≈ 1.22 for stress, d ≈ 2.10 for mindfulness)
demonstrate that the MBSR program is not only statistically significant but also a clinically sound
program to reduce stress. These results place MBSR among the most effective psychological
interventions for the reduction of occupational stress
A REVIEW ON PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION, FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PIMPINELLA ANISUM FOR SMOOTH MUSCLE RELAXATION: A NOVEL APPROACH TO NATURAL THERAPY
Get PDFPimpinella anisum (anise) is known as traditional medicine for its flavor and therapeutically used as different properties like anti-inflammatory, digestive, expectorant, antispasmodic, smooth muscle relaxing,antimicrobial, diabetes and arthritis. The collection of aniseed is very much reliable throughout west bengal and easy to grow at home. Aqueous and Hydro‑alcoholic extracts, especially above 55% ethanol have shown in vitro relaxation of rat anococcygeus organ bath for isolated muscle or any rodent animal’s estrous cycle, JQF, model and normal control group, Yuanhu zhitong tablet group, attributed to nitric oxide, cGMP pathway activation and study of various hormonal treatment though aniseed solution. However, optimal phytochemical profiling is done by analytical determining active compounds, after which the standardized formulation should be carried out, and in vivo efficacy remains underexplored through induced ileus and dysmenorrhea with rodent models by biochemical pathway. This isolates active constituents, develops a standardized topical formulation, evaluates its efficacy in vitro and in vivo, and elucidates detailed mechanisms of smooth muscle relaxation. After determination of the formulation, it can be sent for OECD guidelines for toxicity testing and ICH guidelines for pharmaceutical registration across different regions ultimately leading to safety and higher effectivity in products.
Keywords Antispasmodic, Smooth muscle relaxing, cGMP Pathway, OECD Toxicity, ICH guidelines
DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCE IN STUDENTS THROUGH PROBLEM-BASED EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES
Get PDFThis article addresses the issue of developing students' pedagogical competence through the use of problem-based learning technologies. Theoretical foundations of problem-based learning, its role in the educational process, and mechanisms for effective practical implementation are analyzed. Based on the research results, it is substantiated that problem-based learning technology is an important factor in shaping students' analytical thinking, independent decision-making, and creative approach.
KEYWORDS Problem-based learning, pedagogical competence, innovative technologies, independent thinking, methodological approach, problem situation, problem, problem task, problem-based presentation lecture, problem-based teaching lecture, joint problem-based lecture, problem-based seminar sessions, problem-based learning, problem situation, effective technology, teaching
Unveiling the Potential of Three-Step Anodization: Enhanced Length and Diameter of Titanium Nanotubes
Get PDFThe titanium nanotubes prepared by anodization process are used in various applications, these nanotubes are typically produced using either a single-step or two-step anodization process. However, these methods focus on improving either the length or diameter of the titanium nanotubes individually. Achieving simultaneous enlargement of both length and diameter during the anodization process has not been previously reported. In this study, a three-step anodization process was introduced, employing a 30% water-containing electrolyte. The simultaneous enhancement of both the length and diameter of titanium nanotubes was successfully fabricated. The three-step anodization process produce average titanium nanotubes with a length of 7.5µm and a diameter of 300nm, as confirmed by surface morphological analysis. The formation of enlarged nanotube by three step anodization reaction was discussed. Comparison with conventional single-step anodization processes reveals a twofold increase in both length and diameter and a one-fold increase compared to two-step anodization process. These findings suggest that the three-step anodization process represents a promising alternative method to existing single or two-step anodization methods, offering enhanced control over the dimensions of titanium nanotubes for various applications.
KEYWORDS
Anodization, Titanium nano tubes, three step anodization, Nano tube length, Nano tube diameter
ChatGPT in nursing education. A cross-sectional descriptive study on attitude and preparedness of Undergraduate Nursing Students of SGT University
Get PDFBackground: ChatGPT is a chatbot that responds to user inputs with responses that resemble those of a human using natural language processing. This study was conducted to assess the attitude and preparedness regarding ChatGPT among undergraduate Nursing students of SGT University. Objectives: This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to find the correlation between attitude and preparedness regarding chatgpt among Nursing students.
METHODS: The study's instrument is a self structured questionnaire and the descriptive research design was used "to assess the perception and attitude of nursing student regarding chatGPT". The present study was conducted in SGT UNIVESITY Faculty of Nursing, Budhera in Gurugram. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data in present study.
RESULTS: In the present study vast majority of the samples i.e 72.40% were from the age under 18 years. Regarding the education status most of the respondents were in first year of their graduation i.e., of 54.0% and most of the samples were belongs to urban area 57.80% and 32. 90% respondents were belongs to rural area , 9.30% respondents were belongs to semi-urban area .Majority of samples are having 66.50% of previous knowledge and 33.50% are not having any previous knowledge regarding topic.
CONCLUSION: The study concluded that there is correlation between Attitude and Preparedness regarding ChatGPT among undergraduate score is -0.671 which is strong positive correlation.
KEYWORDS
ChatGPt , AI, Undergraduate Nursing Students