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Phytochemical Analysis of Cordia Macleodii Leaf Extract in Satna District, Madhya Pradesh
Get PDFIn addition to being an important part of conventional healthcare systems, medicinal plants are still a great source for new drug development. Because of its extensive ethnobotanical and medicinal relevance, Cordia macleodii, a deciduous tree in the Boraginaceae family, stands out among the others. C. macleodii, sometimes referred to as "Bhaur" in central India, has long been used to treat gastrointestinal issues, fever, ulcers, and wounds. Despite its many traditional applications, there have been little scientific studies of its phytochemical composition, particularly from sources distinct to a certain location. The Vindhyan Plateau's Satna district in Madhya Pradesh is renowned for both its rich medicinal flora and biodiversity. Although Cordia macleodii grows naturally in this area, nothing is known about its phytochemical makeup in this particular ecological zone. Given that environmental variables like soil type, climate, and altitude might affect the production and concentration of bioactive chemicals in medicinal plants, it is critical to comprehend the phytoconstituents of C. macleodii from Satna. An essential first step in assessing a plant species' potential for therapeutic use is phytochemical study.[5] Major classes of bioactive ingredients, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols, glycosides, steroids, and terpenoids, can be identified with the aid of preliminary screening. These substances are frequently in charge of a number of biological processes, such as antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties.
The purpose of this study is to do a thorough phytochemical analysis of the Cordia macleodii leaf extract that was gathered from the Satna district in Madhya Pradesh. Assessing the therapeutic potential of the plant material from this area as well as identifying and recording the presence of primary and secondary metabolites are the goals. The results will enable future pharmacological research on locally adapted C. macleodii variants and add to the body of ethnomedicinal knowledge.
KEYWORDS:
Pharmacy, Cordia macleodii, Leucas ciliate Cordia Macleodii, leaves, Phytochemical screening, characterization, spectroscopic techniques, Phytochemica
A Comprehensive Survey on Data Mining–Driven Approaches for Parkinson’s Disease Diagnosis and Analysis
Get PDFParkinson Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative progressive disorder that denotes motor deficits like tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia and non-motor deficits like impaired speech and cognitive deterioration. Data mining approaches have attracted considerable interest in the recent years towards early diagnosis, severity, and progression monitoring of PD in the light of their capability to identify discriminative patterns in high-dimensional and heterogeneous biomedical data. This survey is a systematic review of data mining-based methods used to analyse PD among various data modalities, and these are: clinical records, voice signals, handwriting dynamics, gait parameters, neuroimaging data. SVM methods, random forests, k-nearest neighbors and neural networks are the most commonly used forms of supervised learning, which have been used to classify PD with impressive diagnostic accuracy on benchmark datasets. The methods of clustering and association rule mining that have been applied unsupervised have been used to discover latent symptom patterns, disease subtypes. Dimensionality reduction techniques (e.g. Principal Component Analysis) and feature selection techniques (e.g. mutual information and evolutionary optimization) are important to improve the generalization and interpretation of the models. Recent works are growing to combine deep learning with data mining pipelines to create feature extraction and model intricate temporal dependencies automation. Though such developments are made, there are issues with data imbalance, interpretability, inadequate longitudinal data, and clinical generalizability. This survey identifies the up-to-date trends, comparative, and open research issues, which will serve as a unified source of future research based on data mining on PD.
KEYWORDS
Parkinson’s disease diagnosis, medical data mining techniques, machine learning classification models, feature selection and dimensionality reduction, voice and gait signal analysis, biomedical pattern recognition systems, intelligent healthcare decision support, neurodegenerative disease prediction models
A Comprehensive Analysis of the Protocols of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
Get PDFThe Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has been widely used in other technologies like the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, etc. since it is dependable. There have been several uses that are related. The WSN is becoming more dependable and well-liked as one of the apps on the network. WSN is regarded as the most important technology of the twenty-first century and is essential to connecting the rational information world with the existing physical world. Numerous sensor nodes in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) have limited power, storage, and processing ability. The performance of these systems can be enhanced by employing clustering. In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), the clustering methods concentrated mainly on power consumption, which may cause increased overhead. More energy is consumed when the cluster head periodically sends the data, leading to cluster head re-election. Due to the nonuniform node distribution, the energy consumption among nodes is more imbalanced in cluster-based WSNs. The key challenge in WSN is to schedule the node activities for data transmission by maintaining energy consumption. This article explains the context of WSN and its recent research work, where the recent issue is identified and discussed.
KeywordsEnergy consumption, sensor node, power consumption, clustering, secure, and network lifetime
STUDY ON COMPARISON BETWEEN FASTING AND RANDOM LIPID LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Get PDFBackground: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition linked to increased cardiovascular risk, primarily due to postprandial hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia.
Aim: To compare fasting and random lipid profiles in diabetic patients and assess the clinical utility of random lipid testing.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted at a Tertiary Care Center in Puducherry involving 110 diabetic patients and 110 non-diabetic controls. Fasting lipid samples were taken after 8 hours of fasting, and random samples were collected 2 hours post-meal.
Results: Significant differences in all lipid parameters (triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL-C, HDL-C, total cholesterol) were observed between diabetics and non-diabetics, in both fasting and random states. Among diabetics, only triglyceride levels differed significantly between fasting and random tests (p < 0.001), while other lipid values showed no significant variation.
Conclusion: Random lipid profiling may be a practical alternative to fasting tests for diabetic patients, but further large-scale studies are needed for validation.
KEYWORDS
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, fasting lipid profile, random lipid profil
Estimation of Lipid Profile among Hypothyroidism Patients Attending OPD in a Tertiary Care Centre at Puducherry
Get PDFBackground: In the general population, hypothyroidism both overt and subclinical is a common endocrine condition. Elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides, or low HDL levels are signs of dyslipidemia, which is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), especially coronary heart disease (CHD). Higher TC and TC/HDL ratios are associated with increased risk. The morbidity and mortality associated with CVD can be decreased by early dyslipidemia identification and treatment. In 1930, it was discovered that thyroid dysfunction and lipid abnormalities were related; hypothyroidism frequently resulted in high levels of TC and LDL-C. This study was carried out to quantify the frequency of hypothyroidism and evaluate the severity of related dyslipidemia among OPD patients, given the high prevalence of the condition in India.
Materials and Methods: In a Puducherry Tertiary Care Centre, 71 hypothyroid patients who were at least 18 years old participated in a planned cross-sectional study. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the lipid profiles of patients who visited the General Medicine Outpatient Department. Convenient sampling was used to choose participants, and a standardized questionnaire was used for interviews to gather clinical and sociodemographic information. Epi-info software version 7.2.2.6 was used for data analysis and blood investigations.
Results: In this study group, 19.7% had subclinical hypothyroidism and 80.3% had overt hypothyroidism, with hypercholesterolemia (16.9%), hypertriglyceridemia (23.9%), low HDL (100%), high LDL (38%), and high VLDL (70.4%) with HDL and VLDL abnormalities being most significant. A strong association between hypothyroidism and dyslipidemia was observed, highlighting increased risk. Diabetes and hypertension were the most common comorbidities, while CKD patients showed elevated lipid and thyroid parameters. Overweight and obese individuals had higher lipid (except TC) and thyroid (except FT3) levels. The study underscores the need for routine dyslipidemia screening in thyroid patients for effective integrated management.
KEYWORDS
Lipid profile, hypothyroidism, dyslipidemi
ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ON OBSTETRIC DANGER SIGNS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CARE SERVICE AT SELECTED SETTING
Get PDFIntroduction: Obstetric danger signs (ODS) represent critical indicators of potential complications during pregnancy, labor, delivery, and the postpartum period. Common danger signs during pregnancy include severe abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, blurred vision, and persistent headaches. During labor and delivery, prolonged labor, heavy bleeding, and retained placenta are critical warnings, while postpartum signs include fever, severe bleeding, and foul-smelling discharge. Their recognition by pregnant women and their families is crucial for timely intervention and reducing maternal and neonatal mortality.
Methodology: Quantitative approach with non-experimental descriptive research design was chosen. A total of 75 pregnant women were selected through convenient sampling technique. Structured questionnaire was the data collected tool.
Results: The study showed that 60% of pregnant women had inadequate knowledge about pregnancy-related complications, with a mean score of 1.6, a median of 1, and a standard deviation of 0.71. Around 33.3% of participants demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge, while only 6.7% had adequate knowledge. The low mean score and high percentage of inadequate knowledge suggest a significant gap in awareness regarding pregnancy-related complications.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the pregnant women have a poor knowledge of ODS, the targeted educational intervention is essential to increase the knowledge level and decrease the ratio of maternal death rate among pregnant women.
 
A study to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program on Confusion Assessment Method (CAM-ICU) in enhancing ICU delirium knowledge and skills among ICU nurses in selected hospital of Gurugram, Haryana
Get PDFDelirium is a major barrier to the care of patients admitted in the intensive care units globally. The Society of Critical Care Medicine recommends regular delirium monitoring among patients admitted in ICU. Methods: One group Pre-test Post-test Research design was adopted in this study. The study was conducted in 100 ICU nurses were selected by using purposive sampling technique. The data was analysed for frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation. The effectiveness of training was analysed by pair-test. Association between pre-test level knowledge and demographic variables was analysed by using Fisher’s Exact test. Conclusion: The findings indicate a significant improvement in post-test knowledge and skills scores compared to pre-test scores and the increase was statically significant at p<0.05. There is no statistically significant association between post-test knowledge scores and any of the demographic variables (p > 0.05). The study findings suggests that educational program in a regular period will help in gaining knowledge & improving skills regarding ICU delirium among ICU nurses.
KeywordsEffectiveness, ICU Nurses, Educational Intervention
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HPLC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS IN COMBINED DOSAGE FORM
Get PDFA simple, precise, accurate, and robust reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Enmetazobactam (EZB) and Cefepime (CFP) in combined dosage form. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) using a mobile phase of methanol and acetonitrile (50:50 v/v) under isocratic conditions at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with detection at 254 nm. The retention times for EZB and CFP were found to be 3.75 min and 4.92 min, respectively. The method exhibited excellent linearity in the concentration range of 5–25 µg/mL for EZB and 10–50 µg/mL for CFP, with correlation coefficients (r²) of 0.9991 and 0.9990, respectively. The percentage recoveries ranged from 98.19% to 98.73%, confirming the accuracy of the method. Precision and robustness studies showed %RSD values less than 2%, indicating high method reproducibility. The LOD and LOQ values were 0.35 µg/mL and 0.85 µg/mL for EZB, and 0.50 µg/mL and 1.50 µg/mL for CFP, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to the assay of marketed formulations, with assay values of 99.77% for EZB and 99.31% for CFP. Hence, the proposed RP-HPLC method is rapid, reliable, and suitable for routine quality control analysis of Enmetazobactam and Cefepime in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
KEYWORDS:
Enmetazobactam; Cefepime; RP-HPLC; Method Validation; Linearity; Precision; Recovery; LOD; LOQ; Combined Dosage Form
AN OPEN LABEL PROSPECTIVE STUDY TO EXPLORE THE EFFICACY OF IPECACUANHA IN CASES OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA - CASE SERIES
Get PDFAn estimated 300 million people worldwide suffer from bronchial asthma, which remains a significant global health concern. Chronic airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow limitation are the hallmarks of this diverse respiratory condition
DEVELOPMENT OF BANANA STEM, CHICKPEA PLANT BASED MEAT
Get PDFPlant-based meat (PBM) is gaining attention due to environmental, health, and welfare concerns. Food Structure methods like extrusion and shear cell are studied, along with improvements in appearance, flavor, safety controls, and protein sources. In order to develop protein based meat replacement with a rich fiber food; this current study we used banana stem, chick peas, Psyllium husk and binding as tapioca flour, spice ingredients for developing a BCPM (Banana stem, Chickpea Plant based Meat). The plant based meat was developed by extrusion and solar drying technology. The proximate composition and sensory analysis of the developed three samples (T1, T2 & T3) were studied; among these three variations T3 showed good sensory acceptance in sensory analysis. The functional properties of developed meat analogue variation 2 and 3 having good water holding capacity. On the other hand it contains 263 kcal of energy, 58.5 gm of carbohydrates, 17 gm of Protein, 5 gm of fat, 16 gm of fiber , 3.8 % moisture, and 99 mg of calcium; when compared to traditional animal meat the developed plant based meat analogue was good in energy, carbohydrate and calcium content. The morphological and textural studies of plant-based meat exhibit comparable characteristics to the available animal meats. Shelf life studies was carried out up to 4 months with different time intervals; the total bacterial counts of developed BCPM is at the end of the best before date varied greatly from below 1.8, it indicates no microbial spoilage was noticed during the storage period. The study emphasized that chick peas, banana stem and Psyllium husk combination would make a suitable plant based meat