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Population Dynamics of Brinjal Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) and Jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida) and Their Correlation with Abiotic Factors
Get PDFAn investigation was carried out to study the population dynamics of brinjal whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) and jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida) and their relation to abiotic parameter in simple plots with at a local farm in the Jodhpur region in Rajasthan, which is situated at an altitude of 26°13 N and a longitude of 73°04 E. The brinjal variety MEBH -10 was cultivated in simple plot during the summer season 2023. During the crop season the jassid and whitefly population was recorded first on fourth week of April and reached to its peak (15.50 jassids/6leaf and 15.50 whiteflies/6leaf) during the third & first week of June, when the mean temperature and relative humidity ranged from 19 °C to 46 °C and 18 to 98 per cent, respectively. The jassids shows positive correlation with maximum temperature, relative humidity, minimum temperature and rainfall. The whiteflies showed positive correlation with maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity and rainfall
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND STANDARDIZATION OF VARUNA TAILA THROUGH HPTLC (HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY)
Get PDFBackground- Varuna taila, is an herbal ayurvedic medicine mentioned in Bhaishjya ratnavali and Adarsha nighantu, includes the leaves of Crateva nurvala (Varuna), processed with Crateva nurvala (Varuna) juice (Swarasa) & Tila Taila and used as a remedy for urinary tract infections (UTIs), Striae Gravidarum. This formulation is prepared to be given in Striae gravidarum (Kikkisa) in Pregnancy. There are several methods available today for managing stretch marks, which could be expensive and painful. Ever more important is the knowledge imparted to a worried mother that her child will be fine and that the management will be without complication and low price. Therefore, there is a need to develop standardized Ayurvedic formulation in new dosage form that is safe and effective for pregnant women.Aim- The primary objective of this research was to conduct physicochemical standardization and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of Varuna Taila.Results- The Pharmaceutical assessment of the oil revealed that it exhibited a yellowish green color. Loss on Drying is 0.09, Total Ash value is 0.596, pH is of 4.3, Refractive index is 1.4500, Specific gravity is 1.0901, Viscosity is 35.2960, Acid value is 0.8976, Rancidity test is Negative, Saponification value is 210 & Iodine value is 97. HPTLC analysis of Varuna Taila was performed using the CAMAG Linomat 5 HPTLC system. The outcomes were presented as chromatograms, with peaks depicted after scanning at wavelengths of 254 nm, 366 nm, and 540 nm. The drug's phytochemical profile was assessed and illustrated through tables that displayed various parameters including the total count of peaks, peak heights, peak areas, percentage area, and Rf values.Conclusion- The present study focused on the phytochemical characterization of Varuna taila. The HPTLC profile generated can serve as a preliminary tool for ascertaining the authenticity and standardization of the formulation. While Varuna taila has been traditionally indicated for conditions such as striae gravidarum
THR-α and THR-β gene profiling and characterization of Gelidiella acerosa extract binding and uptake by 3,3′,5-TRIIODO-L-THYRONINE Stimulated NIH3T3 cell line
Get PDFThe marine resources, macro-algae raw materials have gained much attention as they exhibit a great applicability as dietary ingredients and being highlighted as a potential source of bioactive compounds. Thyroid issues in India are likely due long standing iodine deficiency in the diet. This investigation was to assess the antithyroid activities of the macroalgae Gelidiella acerosa. Macroalgae extract characterized for the presence of antithyroid compound confirmed the presence of pharmaco-bioactive compounds were confirmed. Further, the highly sensitive NIH3T3 fibroblast cell line was stimulated with 3,3′,5-Triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) - an active thyroid prohormone to confirm the binding and expressing capacity of the active alga extract fraction for the THR-α and β gene expression. The results indicate that Gelidella acerosa treatment led to higher expression levels of thyroid hormone receptors compared to the control. Thyroid hormone receptor expression in the cell line, contributing to its potential as a regulatory agent in thyroid function.
Marine red algae, Cell line, Proactive hormone, Characterization, Gene profilin
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PSYCHOSOMATIC HEALTH AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS
Get PDFBackground: medical education is highly stressful, often leading to psychosomatic disorders. While previous research highlights the prevalence of stress-related physical symptoms in medical students, gender-specific differences remain underexplored. This study investigates how male and female medical students experience and manifest psychosomatic symptoms differently.
Methods: a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 300 medical students (150 male, 150 female) from years 1–6 at a medical university. Participants completed validated questionnaires assessing stress levels (Perceived Stress Scale, PSS-10), psychosomatic symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-15, PHQ-15), and coping mechanisms. Additional physiological markers (salivary cortisol, heart rate variability) were analyzed in a subsample.
Results: Female students reported significantly higher rates of psychosomatic symptoms (p<0.01), particularly headaches, fatigue, and gastrointestinal disturbances, compared to males. Stress levels were elevated in both groups, but females exhibited stronger correlations between perceived stress and somatic complaints (r = 0.62 vs. r = 0.41 in males). Cortisol levels were higher in females during exam periods, while males showed greater cardiovascular reactivity. Maladaptive coping strategies (e.g., emotional suppression) were more common in males, whereas females tended toward help-seeking behaviors.
Conclusion: gender plays a significant role in psychosomatic health among medical students, with females experiencing higher symptom burden and stress-related physiological responses. These findings suggest the need for gender-tailored interventions, such as stress management programs and mental health support, to mitigate psychosomatic risks in medical education.
KEYWORDS:
psychosomatics, medical students, gender differences, stress, cortisol, coping mechanism
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO ASSISTED TEACHING PROGRAM ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING BELLY BREATHING TO CONTROL BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG HYPERTENSIVE CLIENTS IN SELECTED COMMUNITY AREA OF SABARKANTHA DISTRICT IN GUJARAT
No full textModern life has not only offered us convenience and comfort but along with them, several complications also on the rise like increasing our indolence, anxiety and stress. Hypertension frequently exists without producing symptoms which is often called a silent killer
HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE ESTIMATION OF ENMETAZOBACTAM AND CEFEPIME
Get PDFThe present study aimed to develop and validate a simple, precise, accurate, and robust reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of Enmetazobactam (EMB) and Cefepime (CFP) in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a C18 Hypersil BDS column with an optimized mobile phase, resulting in sharp and well-resolved peaks for both analytes. The method exhibited excellent linearity within the concentration ranges of 5–25 μg/mL for EMB and 10–50 μg/mL for CFP, with correlation coefficients (r²) of 0.9987 and 0.9990, respectively. Accuracy studies revealed mean recoveries close to 100%, confirming the method’s reliability. Precision results showed %RSD values within acceptable limits for repeatability, intra-day, and inter-day analyses, while robustness tests indicated that minor variations in analytical conditions did not significantly affect the results. The method also demonstrated high sensitivity, with low LOD and LOQ values for both drugs. Assay of the marketed formulation showed drug content of 99.716% for EMB and 99.271% for CFP, indicating suitability for routine quality control. The validated method fulfills ICH Q2(R1) guidelines and is suitable for routine analysis, stability testing, and quality assessment of EMB and CFP in combined pharmaceutical dosage forms.
KEYWORDS:
Enmetazobactam; Cefepime, RP-HPLC, Method development, Validation, Linearity, Accuracy; Precision, ICH Q2(R1), Pharmaceutical analysis
METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING THE "THEORY OF PROBABILITY AND ELEMENTS OF MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS" MODULE IN THE SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM
Get PDFThe article is dedicated to the methodology of teaching the "Theory of Probability and Elements of Mathematical Statistics" module in the school mathematics curriculum. It discusses the role of the subject "Stochastic" in the study of various fields, such as physics, chemistry, biology, geology, economics, linguistics, psychology, and sociology. The article also provides a brief history of the "Theory of Probability and Mathematical Statistics" course, the mathematical apparatus of probability theory, elements of combinatorics, topics covered in the systematic course "Theory of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Elements of Combinatorics" taught in schools, as well as concepts such as sets and combinatorics, statistical data, probability, event, incident, random event, certain event, impossible event, relationships between events, how one event leads to another, event result, event as part of an event, and equivalent events. The methodology of teaching these concepts in schools is also discussed.
KEYWORDS:
Stochastic, teaching, methodology, theory of probability, mathematical statistics, elements of combinatorics, statistical data, probability, event, incident, random event, certain event, impossible event, relationships between events, one event leads to another, event result, event as part of an event, equivalent events
Genetic Diversity Studies in Coloured Pericarp Sorghum Genotypes (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)
Get PDFA total of 81 genotypes were evaluated to estimate genetic diversity using Mahalanobis D² statistics and Tocher’s clustering method for morphological and shoot fly tolerance traits. Based on the D² analysis, the genotypes were grouped into eight clusters for morphological traits and six clusters for shoot fly-related traits, indicating substantial genetic divergence among the material studied. Among the 13 morphological characters, the highest contribution to total genetic diversity was recorded for glume colour (39.10%), grain color (32.75%), plant height (11.33%), and number of primaries per panicle (10.96%). For the six shoot fly tolerance traits, adaxial (69.23%) and abaxial (24.69%) trichome density, followed by shoot fly dead hearts (4.72%) and seedling glossiness (0.51%), contributed most to the observed variability. The maximum inter-cluster distance was recorded between clusters V and VII (D=57.91) for morphological traits and between clusters V and II (D=80.81) for shoot fly traits, suggesting that genotypes in these clusters are genetically most distant and offer high potential for hybridization to obtain desirable recombinants. Cluster mean analysis revealed considerable variation particularly for plant height, days to 50% flowering, trichome density, and dead heart percentage at 28 DAS. These traits may serve as effective selection criteria for further breeding and for developing transgressive segregants with enhanced shoot fly tolerance and improved agronomic performance.
KEYWORDS
D² statistics, trichome, clusters, Genetic diversity
LIPOMA AND IT'S HOMOEOPATHY MANAGEMENT: CASE REPORT
Get PDFLipomas are the most common benign tumors of adipose tissue, often termed “ubiquitous” due to their occurrence in any fat-containing site. They usually present as slow-growing, painless, mobile swellings, most frequently seen in middle-aged adults. Although generally subcutaneous, they can extend into deeper planes and occasionally affect visceral organs. Multiple histological variants such as angiolipoma, fibrolipoma, and myelolipoma have been described. Their etiology is multifactorial, with genetic predisposition, trauma, obesity, and metabolic disorders identified as key factors. Diagnosis is primarily clinical and supported by imaging or cytology, while rapid growth warrants exclusion of malignancy. Conventional treatment involves surgical excision or liposuction, whereas homeopathy has shown promise in reducing size, preventing recurrence, and avoiding invasive procedures. A documented case of cervical lipoma demonstrated complete resolution with individualized homeopathic management, indicating its therapeutic potential. Thus, while surgery remains the standard of care, integrative approaches like homeopathy may provide safe, effective alternatives in selected cases.
KEYWORDS:
Lipoma; Benign tumor; Adipose tissue; Histological variants; Diagnosis; Surgery; Homeopathy
A COMPARITIVE STUDY ON THE CELLULAR VIABILITY AND APOPTOSIS POTENTIAL OF PALMYRA SAP SAMPLE COLLECTED FROM KANYAKUMARI AND TIRUNELVELI DISTRICTS
Get PDFBorassus flabellifer Linn., of the Arecaceae family is locally called as Tal, English Name: Palmyra
palm.Traditional cuisines have been employed the fruit pulp of Borassus flabellifer L. and the sap
that was collected from the flower section as a sweetener for diabetes patients. Proteins, lipids,
carotenoid, vitamin B complex, ascorbic acid and other minerals are found in the Palmyra apart from
sugars. Besides all Palmyra fruits are also rich in immunosuppressive effects. Palmyra sap itself is
generally not described as cytotoxic in research, but rather is known for its nutritional and various
health-promoting properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects.
Extracts from this part contain compounds that exhibit potent cytotoxic effects against certain
cancer cells. In the present research, the cytotoxic effect of Palmyra sap collected from
Kanyakumari and Tirunelveli Districts against normal cell lines were studied and the results
reported significant increase in the cytotoxic effect in the increasing concentration of the sample.
The sap exhibited minimal cytotoxic effects on Normal L929 cells across various concentrations,
with a dose-dependent effect noted. The overall results indicate that even if both samples have less
toxic effect on normal cell lines, the Palmyra palm sap samples collected from Tirunelveli district
showed higher toxic effect with less viability than the samples collected from Kanyakumari district.
The cytotoxic effects were more pronounced at higher concentrations, indicating potential for
selective use in anticancer applications