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Advances in Glucose-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems: Revolutionizing Diabetes Management through Intelligent Therapeutics
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus is a widely spread chronic disease that is associated with poor insulin production or response and requires a consistent follow-up and supplemental doses of insulin. Conventional modes of delivery, in typography subcutaneous injections, are reported to cause distress and in some cases poor glycemia control. Present progress in the field of glucose- controlled insulin delivery has introduced encouraging options in the use of intelligent biomaterials that adapt insulin delivery to ongoing changes in glucose. The most recent advances in glucose-responsive drug delivery are reviewed through enzymatic-based technologies such as glucose oxidase-based hydrogel carriers and nanoparticles, protein carriers like concanavalin A, and protein-free carriers including phenylboronic-acid-based hydrogel carriers and acetylated dextran nanoparticles. They are focused on their glucose sensing mechanism, efficiency in encapsulation of insulin, release and their adaptability to be administered either by injection or orally. The possible combination of digital health, closed- loop artificial pancreas, and microneedle patches are also discussed, which are expected to imitate the insulin secretion process in vivo, provide patient comfort, and have fewer chances of hypoglycemia events and hyperglycemia. Whereas the preclinical results are promising, long-term biocompatibility, effective in-vivo responsiveness, and manufacturing in a scalable manner pose as primary tasks. Future applications are the personal and precision medicine to benefit with artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and 3D printing of a personalized formulation. The combination of these innovations seems to indicate a groundbreaking transition to patient-centric and more effective diabetes care
Clinical Profile and Risk Factors of Urinary Tract Infection in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients: A Comparative Study
Get PDFBackground: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common infections in diabetic individuals. Due to immunosuppression and glycosuria, diabetic patients are predisposed to recurrent and complicated UTIs.Aim: To evaluate and compare the clinical profile, symptom severity, and risk factors of UTI in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted over 18 months at a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry. A total of 126 patients presenting with symptoms of UTI were recruited and classified into diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Clinical symptoms, demographic data, and predisposing risk factors were recorded. Statistical analysis was done to identify significant associations.Results: The mean age was 46.99 ± 11.70 years; 65.9% were females. Dysuria (p<0.001), abdominal pain (p<0.001), vomiting (p=0.005), hematuria (p=0.011), pyuria (p=0.017), incontinence (p<0.001), retention (p=0.002), and pyelonephritis (p=0.008) were significantly more frequent in diabetic patients. There was a strong association between diabetic status and lower SES, BMI, and occupation. However, no individual anatomical or catheter-related factor showed a significant correlation with diabetes status. Escherichia coli were the most common organism across both groups.Conclusion: Diabetic patients presented with more severe symptoms and higher complication rates. Routine UTI screening and aggressive management in diabetic patients are vital to prevent morbidity
A REVIEW ARTICLE ON THE MENTAL HEALTH ACT IN INDIA: A LEGAL AND SOCIETAL EVOLUTION
Get PDFMental health legislation in India has undergone significant transformation, reflecting shifts in societal attitudes, international obligations, and the growing awareness of human rights. This article explores the evolution of mental health laws in India, focusing on the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017, which replaced the outdated Mental Health Act of 1987. The article analyzes key provisions, evaluates the Act’s impact, and highlights implementation challenges, offering suggestions for a more inclusive and effective mental health care framework. This article analyzes the historical and legal development of mental health legislation in India, critically examines the features and impact of the 2017 Act, and suggests strategies to bridge the gap between policy and practice. To truly transform mental health care in India, the Mental Healthcare Act must be supported by systemic reforms, increased public awareness, and sustained political will, making mental health a central component of India’s public health and social justice agenda
PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDE OF PHYSIOTHERAPIST TOWARDS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE AND REHABILITATION: A SURVEY
Get PDFThe rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into healthcare has given rise to questions about its acceptance and implementation in various domains, including physiotherapy. The aim of this research was to evaluate physiotherapists' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of AI use in healthcare and rehabilitation. A cross-sectional survey of 353 Indian physiotherapists was administered via a structured questionnaire sent through Google Forms. The questionnaire explored demographics, awareness of AI, actual use, training provided, and perceptions of benefits, applications, and future role of AI in physiotherapy. Results indicated that while 97% of respondents reported having heard of AI in general, awareness dropped to 77% when it was referred to in the context of rehabilitation. Less than 38% of the respondents had formal training in AI. Overall perception of AI was moderately positive in nature but large gaps were observed between awareness and actual application in clinical practice. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between employment sector and concerns or opinions about AI. Gender differences were observed in perceived benefits but not in use or impact. A moderate positive correlation was observed between perceived applications and benefits of AI. The study documents a high awareness but low hands-on experience and training among physiotherapists, reflecting a clear knowledge-to-practice gap. These findings emphasize the urgent need for structured AI education and training in physiotherapy curriculum and continuing education. As healthcare evolves with AI, it is essential to know the readiness and concerns of physiotherapy professionals to facilitate ethical and effective application in clinical practice
BLENDING TECHNOLOGY WITH PEDAGOGY: EVALUATING THE ROLE OF ICT AND MULTIMEDIA TOOLS IN DEVELOPING ENGLISH WRITING PROFICIENCY
Get PDFn the rapidly evolving landscape of education, the integration of Information and CommunicationTechnology (ICT) and multimedia tools has redefined the dynamics of language learning, particularlyin the development of writing skills. This study explores the effectiveness of ICT-integratedpedagogical strategies in enhancing English writing proficiency among undergraduate students.Grounded in constructivist and communicative language teaching theories, the research adopts amixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of writing assessments with qualitativeinsights from student and teacher interviews. Participants from engineering colleges in Tamil Naduwere exposed to a range of digital tools including interactive writing platforms, online collaborativeenvironments, visual prompts, and audio-visual feedback systems over a semester. The findings reveala significant improvement in writing coherence, lexical range, syntactic accuracy, and learnerengagement. Students reported higher motivation and autonomy in writing tasks when exposed tomultimedia-supported instruction. The study also highlights the pedagogical shift from traditionalgrammar-based instruction to learner-centered, process-oriented writing approaches. Challenges suchas digital literacy gaps and access disparities were also noted. The research concludes that thepurposeful integration of ICT and multimedia not only enhances writing proficiency but also fosters amore dynamic and inclusive learning environment. The paper offers recommendations for educatorsand curriculum designers seeking to implement technology-driven writing pedagogy in Englishlanguage classrooms
Isolation and Characterization of polyphenolic compounds from Ethanolic Extract of Hibiscus syriacus
Get PDFBackground:Polyphenolic compounds are known for their structural diversity and potential therapeuticapplications. Hibiscus syriacus, a plant traditionally used in herbal medicine, contains a rich profile ofphytoconstituents, including polyphenols. This study aimed to isolate and structurally characterizepolyphenolic compounds from the ethanolic extract of H. syriacus flowers using advancedspectroscopic techniques.Methods: Flowers of H. syriacus were collected, shade-dried, powdered, and extracted using Soxhletextraction with ethanol. The crude extract was partitioned and subjected to column chromatography andSephadex LH-20 for fractionation. Final purification was achieved using reversed-phase semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Isolated compounds were characterizedby Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Proton and Carbon Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(¹H and ¹³C NMR), and Mass Spectrometry (MS) for detailed structural elucidation.Results: Two distinct polyphenolic compounds (Compound 1 and Compound 2) were successfullyisolated and identified. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of key functional groups such ashydroxyl, aromatic rings, and carbonyl groups. NMR spectra provided detailed insights into thestructural framework, revealing substitution patterns consistent with known polyphenolic structures.Mass spectrometry determined the molecular weights of Compound 1 (MW 164.16; m/z 165.05) andCompound 2 (MW 194.18; m/z 195.06), confirming their purity and identity.Conclusion:The study successfully demonstrated the extraction, isolation, and spectroscopiccharacterization of two polyphenolic compounds from Hibiscus syriacus flowers. These findingscontribute to the phytochemical profiling of the species and provide a foundation for future research intotheir potential biological or pharmaceutical applications
Constraints Faced by Sugarcane Growers and Future Prospects for Technology Promotion in the Lucknow Division of Uttar Pradesh
Get PDFSugarcane is a vital cash crop in Uttar Pradesh, contributing significantly to the livelihoods of ruralfarmers and the regional economy. However, despite advancements in production technologies, theiradoption remains limited among growers. This study was conducted to identify the major constraintsfaced by sugarcane farmers in adopting improved production technologies and to explore the futureprospects for technology promotion in the Lucknow Division. Primary data were collected from 320respondents across two districts—Lakhimpur Kheri and Lucknow—using a pre-tested interviewschedule. The analysis was carried out using the Mean Percentage Score (MPS) to rank constraints andassess the level of agreement on potential future interventions. The findings of the study highlightedseveral key constraints affecting sugarcane technology adoption. The most prominent issues includeda lack of interaction with extension agents and progressive farmers or agricultural universities (MeanPercent Score [MPS] = 90.00), limited motivation and awareness regarding modern agriculturalpractices (MPS = 85.00), and the absence of effective leadership among progressive farmers to guideothers (MPS = 74.92). Additionally, low profitability due to inadequate Fair and Remunerative Price(MPS = 86.25) and a shortage of labour during critical farming operations (MPS = 84.22) were alsosignificant barriers. District-specific challenges were also observed. In Lakhimpur Kheri, the high costof both manual and mechanized harvesting was reported as a major constraint (MPS = 88.59).Conversely, in Lucknow, the lack of nearby sugar mills or local crushers emerged as a primary concern(MPS = 88.13). With regard to future prospects, respondents strongly supported the revision of FRPpolicies (MPS = 95.47) and the establishment of local sugarcane processing units in Lucknow (MPS =99.06) as critical interventions. The study concludes that enhancing the adoption of sugarcaneproduction technology in the region requires a multifaceted approach. This should include policy-levelreforms, the strengthening of extension services, and the development of localized value chains toensure sustainable and inclusive agricultural growth
Assessment of Respiratory Health among Selected Leather Manufacturing Workers of Urban Puducherry
Get PDFGlobally, industrial workers are exposed to various chemicals and particulate pollutions frequently, which act as causative agent for chronic respiratory diseases. In the developing, chronic lung diseases are mostly related to occupations. Leather industries are significant contributions to the nation’s economy but they are potentially hazardous to the environment and to the workers, which causes health problems including chronic respiratory disease. Puducherry has small scale and medium scaled leather manufacturing units particularly in the urban zones yet there is lack of data of data on respiratory health conditions among leather workers in the region. Therefore, this study aims to assess the respiratory health implications among selected leather manufacturing workers in urban Puducherry. The findings will contribute to improving occupational health practices and promoting safer work environments in the local leather manufacturing sector related lung diseases. A cross sectional study was conducted after getting clearance from Scientific Research Committee and Institutional Human Ethics Committee in the Selected Leather Industry, where a total of 700 workers were employed. A face-to-face interview was conducted using pre-designed (pre-validated) questionnaire. A pre-calibrated portable spirometer enabled with Bluetooth connectivity was used to record the Spirometry measurements of the participants. The current study shows 64% of leather manufacturing workers in urban Puducherry showed abnormal pulmonary function, with 25% having moderate, 19% moderately severe, and 5% severe impairment. Only 4% reported using personal protective equipment, despite 49.2% having over 20 years of occupational exposure suggesting that age, along with the exposure at the workplace and BMI may cause increase in impaired pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms among leather factory workers. Medical examinations of the workers are recommended for screening and preventing function impairments. So, this kind of kind of will be help in early detection of the disease and further follow up will help prevention of diseases
To Study the Knowledge Levels of Beneficiaries for Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala Yojana in Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh
Get PDFThe present study is going to conduct in the Bundelkhand region of the UttarPradesh, particularly study was conducted in four districts namely; Banda, Jhansi, Mahobaand Chitrakoot during 2024-2025, 640 beneficiaries selected from 4 district, 16 blocks wereselected randomly. Thus, total numbers of 16 blocks were selected for the study area. Fromeach block, 4 villages were selected randomly. Thus, total numbers of 64 Villages wereselected for the study. From each village, ten beneficiaries were selected randomly. The studyaimed to assess the knowledge levels of various Particular statements related to PradhanMantri Ujjawala Yojana like Not knowledge about LPG cylinder as a cooking fuel?, Notknowledge about application process for getting connection? etc. The findings reveal that48.44% of Ujjwala beneficiaries had a medium level of knowledge, followed by 41.56% whoexhibited a high level of knowledge regarding the scheme. Only 10.00% of the respondentswere found to have a low level of knowledge
Exploring the mechanism and component basis of Naja naja (Snake) venom for the treatment of cancer by network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques
Get PDFBackground: Numerous experimental models proved the protective effect of Naja naja snake venom on various cancers. However, their mechanism of action is not known. In the present study, network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were performed to analyse the molecular mechanism of components of Naja naja for the treatment of cancer.Methods: The venom peptide structures were obtained from pubchem databases and RCSB PDB. The targets of snake venom peptides were obtained from literature survey. The protein-protein interaction network was done using the STRING webtool and ShinyGo 0.80 software. The binding affinity between potential targets and active compounds was evaluated by molecular docking using Autodock vina. Result: By analysing string programme, the highest degree of protein interaction was found between AChE and metelloprotease and the proteins of antioxidant, apoptotic, clock and inflammation, implying that these enzymes may exert its anti-cancer action through the regulation of the above said pathways. Conclusion: It is difficult to find the therapeutic target of all snake peptides/protein, because the structures for most of them are not available. So, in this study, we explored the molecular target of few snake venom peptides/proteins using string analysis and studied the structure-function relationships of snake venom peptides. This in silico experiment will paved a way for designing preclinical and clinical experiments