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Laser and Photodynamic Therapy in Periodontitis: A Review
Get PDFPeriodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of supporting structures of the teeth, primarily caused by bacterial infection. Traditional treatment approaches, including scaling and root planing, often yield variable outcomes. This review explores the application of laser and photodynamic therapy (PDT) as adjunctive treatment modalities in managing periodontitis. Laser therapy utilizes focused light energy to reduce microbial load and promote tissue healing, while PDT combines photosensitizing agents with light exposure to selectively target and destroy pathogenic bacteria. Evidence suggests that laser therapy enhances non-surgical treatment outcomes, reduces pocket depth, and improves clinical parameters. Similarly, PDT demonstrates efficacy in biofilm disruption and provides additional benefits in terms of safety and patient comfort. This review evaluates current literature on the effectiveness, advantages, and potential limitations of these innovative therapies in the context of periodontitis management, highlighting the need for further research to establish standardized protocols and long-term clinical outcomes. Ultimately, laser and PDT may offer promising avenues for improving periodontal health and patient quality of life, paving the way for more effective strategies in the comprehensive management of periodontitis
Transcendental Reflections: Literary Preservation of Ethnobiological Heritage and Individualism in Betty Smith’s A Tree Grows in Brooklyn
Get PDFLiterature is a medium of ideological and philosophical transmissions and rich repository of cultural and scientific knowledge. A Tree Grows in Brooklyn by Betty Smith presents a blend of ideological and traditional medical practices representing both ethnobiological knowledge and experiential knowledge passed down through oral traditions and lived realities. This research aims to bridge literary theme with biological knowledge particularly the traditional and home-based remedies for minor health issues. The protagonist’s and her family’s adherence to these folk practices, despite societal skepticism, serves as a survival mechanism and as an assertion of individual agency, a quiet defiance of collectivist medical authority and a reinforcement of transcendentalist and individualist ideals. This approach proposes a diversified methodology that reconsiders canonical literature as a site for retrieving ethnobiological insight, reinforcing the value of lived science in fiction
Phytochemical Profiling of Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth. flower extract by GC-MS: Identification of Bioactive Constituents and their Potential Therapeutic Significance
Get PDFTecoma stans (L.) Juss. Ex. Kunth commonly known as Yellow Bells is widely distributed across tropical and subtropical regions of India. In various cultures, it has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. Tecoma stans flower extract revealed a diverse range of 122 phytoconstituents includes major components based on area percentage were Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (RT: 40.844, 32.77%), Tetratetracontane (RT: 43.439, 10.93%), Hexatriacontane (RT: 46.227, 5.45%), 2-Hexanone, 3, 3-dimethyl (RT: 6.411, 4.70%), Ether, 3-butenylpropyl (RT: 6.173, 4.70%), 7-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (RT: 33.669, 2.62%), Tetracosane (RT: 40.445, 3.15%). The rich chemical variety in the extract directly supports its traditional medicinal uses. Our findings provide a scientific basis for using Tecoma stans and confirm its potential as a source of powerful, naturally occurring compounds
COVID-19 MANAGEMENT: INSIGHTS INTO DRUG THERAPIES, DIAGNOSTICS, AND PREVENTIVE PHARMACOLOGY
Get PDFThe emergence of COVID-19 has marked one of the most significant global health crises of the 21st century. Originating in Wuhan, China in December 2019, the disease rapidly evolved into a pandemic, prompting extensive scientific investigation. This review summarizes current insights into the virology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment strategies, and preventive measures related to SARS-CoV-2. The disease manifests primarily as a respiratory illness and has shown a range of clinical severities, from asymptomatic infection to severe acute respiratory syndrome. As of early 2020, therapeutic approaches have been largely supportive, with antiviral trials and vaccine development rapidly advancing. This article compiles up-to-date literature from WHO reports, peer-reviewed journals, and clinical studies to provide an overview of diagnostic methods, treatment interventions including plasma therapy and antiviral drugs, and vaccination efforts. Enhanced awareness and timely interventions remain critical in curbing transmission and managing disease severity
Development of a Questionnaire and its Content Validitation to Assess Ashta Ahara Vidhi Visheshayatana with Special Reference to Upayoga Samstha in Patients Suffering from Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFAims and Objectives: The study aims to develop a comprehensive questionnaire to assess the Ashta Ahara Vidhi Visheshayatana (eight specific dietary considerations) with special reference to Upayoga Samstha (rules for consumption) in patients suffering from Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and to establish its content validity.Methods: A mixed-method approach was employed, involving qualitative and quantitative phases. Initially, an extensive literature review was conducted to identify relevant constructs and develop a preliminary questionnaire. This was followed by expert validation through the Delphi method to refine the items. Content validity was assessed using the Content Validity Index (CVI).Results: The preliminary questionnaire consisted of 50 items. Through iterative rounds of expert review, the questionnaire was refined to 44 items. The overall CVI was found to be 0.90, indicating high content validity.Conclusion: The developed questionnaire demonstrates good content validity and can be used to assess adherence to Ashta Ahara Vidhi Visheshayatana in patients with T2DM. Future studies should focus on its reliability and construct validity in larger populations
Phytochemical Profiling and Analytical Standardization of Saraladi Yoga: An Ayurvedic Vaginal Fumigation Formulation
Get PDFBackground: Saraladi Yoga, a classical Ayurvedic formulation documented by Acharya Charaka, represents a sophisticated therapeutic approach for managing abnormal vaginal symptoms (Yonigata Lakshanas) through Yoni Dhupana (vaginal fumigation). Objective: This study integrates a systematic appraisal with comprehensive analytical validation including HPTLC fingerprinting to establish scientific credentials for this traditional formulation. Methods: The formulation comprising Sarala (Pinus longifolia), Guggulu (Commiphora mukul), Yava (Hordeum vulgare), and Ghrita (ghee) was subjected to organoleptic evaluation, physicochemical analysis, phytochemical screening, and HPTLC fingerprinting at a Ministry of AYUSH approved laboratory. Classical literature was systematically reviewed alongside modern research on individual components. Results: Physicochemical analysis revealed optimal moisture content (0.47%), high extractive values (water-soluble: 23.98%, alcohol-soluble: 25.84%), appropriate pH (5.07), and rich phytochemical profile with significant presence of tannins (+++), flavonoids (++), and saponins (++). HPTLC fingerprinting detected 18 unique compounds across three detection wavelengths (254nm, 366nm, 540nm), with characteristic Rf values providing a comprehensive chemical signature. Conclusion: The integrated analytical findings strongly correlate with the formulation's traditional therapeutic applications, establishing a robust scientific foundation for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and tissue-healing properties through localized fumigation therapy
A Comprehensive Review of Traditional Indian Medicinal Plants For Therapeutic Implications In Alzheimer’s Disease And Its Associated Symptoms
Get PDFAyurvedic medicinal plants have been the single most productive source of leads for the development of drugs. In India, it is reported that traditional healers use nearly 2,500 plant species as regular sources of medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Alzheimer’s disease is the age associated progressive neurological disorder that causes brain cells to degenerate and finally dies. It is the most common form of dementia in people of 65 years and older with a continuous decline in thinking, behavioral and social skills that disrupts their ability to function independently. These disruptions cause nerve cells in the brain to stop working, lose connections with other nerve cells and finally die. As the disease progresses, a person will develop severe memory impairment and lose the ability to carry out everyday tasks. This disease is named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer in 1906 noticed changes in the brain tissue of woman who had died of an unusual mental illness. Her symptoms include memory loss, unpredictable behaviour, dehydration, malnutrition, infection & death. After she died, he examined her brain and found many amyloid plaques and tangled bundles of fibres. There is no treatment that cures the disease process in the brain, but some herbs may help to improve brain function, reduce its symptoms & improve quality of life and help the patients to some extent. The objective is to provide a systematic review of the ongoing evidence pertaining to the use of medicinal herbs in the treatment of AD and its associated symptoms
The effect of incorporating Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) into fish feed on the hematological parameters, growth, and survival rates of Labeo rohita (fingerlings).
Get PDFNatural immunosuppressants are compounds that can assist modulate or suppress the immune system; they are produced from plants, herbs, or other natural sources. Medicinal herbs are increasingly being used in aquaculture for their natural immunostimulants and growth-promoting properties. The plant Tulsi, often called holy basil (Ocimum sanctum), is widely used in traditional medicine, particularly in Ayurveda, because of its ability of anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory qualities. Diets containing O. sanctum at various levels, such as 200mg, 400mg, and 600mg, were utilized as test diets, whereas diet lacking O. sanctum served as the control tank (C). The experiment lasted 60 days, during which time the water quality was monitored every other day. The results showed that the innate immune response was improved when Ocimum sanctum was administered through different diets, primarily in T1, T2, and T3 diets. This boosted the total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, and total leukocyte count. Over the course of the 60-day trial, growth and hematological markers were examined every 20 days. After 20 days, 40 days, and 60 days, the first, second, and final readings were taken. The current study was carried out to investigate the influence of dietary Tulsi extract on fingerlings of L. rohita’s growth, survival, and hematological levels
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF KARNAPOORANA IN SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS: AN AYURVEDIC PERSPECTIVE ON KARNABADHIRYA
Get PDFThis study evaluated the therapeutic potential of Karnapoorana, an Ayurvedic intervention, in the management of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). A randomized controlled trial was carried out with 100 participants, equally divided into an experimental group (n = 50) and a control group (n = 50). The experimental group received daily Karnapoorana therapy for 30 days, while the control group was administered a placebo. Outcomes were assessed using Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) and the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults (HHIA) at baseline (Day 0), end of treatment (Day 30), and follow-up (Day 60). The experimental group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in hearing thresholds compared to the control group. At Day 30, the mean PTA improvement in the intervention group was 5 dB HL, whereas the control group showed a smaller gain of 3.1 dB HL. Furthermore, HHIA scores reflected greater psychosocial benefits among participants in the treatment arm, with a mean reduction of 15.3 points compared to 4.8 points in the control group
THE DETERMINANTS OF MATERNAL ANAEMIA VERSUS BIRTH WEIGHT OF NEWBORN, A COMPARATIVE STUDY AMONG NON-ANAEMIC AND ANAEMIC PREGNANT WOMEN IN A SELECTED TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, CHENGALPATTU DISTRICT, TAMILNADU.
Get PDFBackground: During pregnancy women with haemoglobin level less than 11 grams/decilitre in their red blood cells are said to have anaemia during pregnancy. Anaemia is one of the most common preventable medical condition that affect women during pregnancy. It is not only the greatest challenge but also an easily treatable problem faced by the developing countries, hence understanding the determinants of maternal anaemia is essential to boost the prophylactic and therapeutic management of anaemia during pregnancy.Methodology: Quantitative exploratory research approach was selected to compare the determinants of maternal anaemia and the foetal wellbeing among non-anaemic and anaemic pregnant women. The analytical cross-sectional design was used to study eighty two pregnant women (41 non-anaemic women and 41 anaemic women) who visited the labour ward at Chrompet government hospital, Tamil Nadu, India. A structured interview schedule was used to collect the determinants of maternal anaemia. Comparison of the determinants of maternal anaemia that affect the birth weight of the newborn among non-anaemic and anaemic pregnant women was done.Result: The comparison of the determinants in the study reveals that 43% of pregnant women at 21-25 years of age, pregnant women with obstetrical score at 44% of gravida 1 and gravida 2, 49% of para 2 and live birth 2 were anaemic. Majority of 81% of anaemic pregnant women belonged to nuclear family, 42% had a family income of 15,000 to 20,000 per month, 61% had SSLC level of education, 81% were unemployed, 91% were non-vegetarian, and 59% were at 39 weeks of gestation. Independent t-test of levels of haemoglobin among anaemic and non-anaemic pregnant women was 10.39±1.179 and 12.38±1.005 with statistical significant at p<0.001. There exist a statistically significant association amid the treatment given to the anaemic women and the birth weight at p<0.001.Conclusion: The statistically significant level of haemoglobin reveals that a homogenous group of pregnant anaemic and non-anaemic women with determinants such as 21-25 years of age, obstetrical score of G1P2L2 and G2P2L2, 39 weeks of gestation, nuclear family, non-vegetarian, family income, education, and unemployment were predominantly anaemic during pregnancy. The treatment given during pregnancy was statistically significantly associated with the birth weight of the anaemic pregnant women which indicates that special attention given to the women during pregnancy wound be effective to minimize the impact of anaemia on newborn